Parker provides a range of biogas treatment solutions to address problematic trace components in biogas and ensure efficient operation of gas engines. Their filtration systems remove particulate contamination that can damage engines. Dehumidification equipment such as heat exchangers and separators reduce water levels to prevent corrosion and improve engine performance. Siloxane removal systems like the PpTek can capture up to 98% of siloxanes to prevent engine damage and reduce maintenance costs. Parker offers complete skid-mounted packages that integrate these treatment steps.

1. May 10, 2016
The Importance of Effective Gas Treatment in
Biogas Applications
Steven Scott MBA
Market Development Manager – Biogas Applications
- Biogas Asia Pacific Forum – 25/26 May 2016 – Kuala Lumpur, Malayisa

2. Parker Hannifin Corporation
Parker can be found on and around
everything that moves. We manufacture
highly engineered components and systems
that facilitate motion and the controlled flow of
liquids and gasses for a wide variety of global
markets to increase our customers’
productivity and profitability.
Aerospace Climate Control Electromechanical
Filtration Fluid & Gas Handling Hydraulics
Pneumatics Process Control Sealing & Shielding

3. 3
Biogas is...
• Methane (CH4): 45 - 75 %
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 25 - 45 %
• Trace components: 2 - 5 %
Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen
(O2), Hydrogen (H2), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S),
Ammonia (NH3), Siloxanes, VOCs
• Water (vapour, saturated): 2 – 7%
• Dust particles
…raw, unprocessed gas collected from
biogas digesters. Biogas originating from
landfill sites is termed ‘landfill gas‘. A
typical composition of biogas / landfill gas
is:

4. 4
Problematic Trace Components
• Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Siloxanes
• Aromatic Hydrocarbon compounds
• Halogen compounds
(chlorides, fluorides)
• Dirt or dust particles
• Water

5. Biogas Treatment for Power Generation
5
At Digester Outlet
40-60% CH4
30-50% CO2
0-10% N2
0-2% O2
0-2000+ ppm H2S
ppm VOC’s
ppm Siloxanes
Dirt Particles
H2O Saturated
At Engine Inlet
CH4
CO2/N2/O2
H2S - <100 ppm
*Siloxanes: 95-99% removal
*Particles <5 micron
*H2O – Low dewpoint
* Parker Solutions available

6. 6
Biomethane is...
…biogas that has had CO2 and other impurities
removed to produce a gas with a high methane
content similar to that of natural gas. Typical
composition is…
• Methane (CH4): >97%
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): <2%
• H2S: <4 ppm
• Water: <65 mg/m3 (approx -40°C PDP)
• VOCs and siloxanes: Negligible levels
Biomethane is suitable for injection into natural gas distribution
networks or as fuel for Natural Gas Vehicles

7. 7
The Effects of Untreated Biogas

8. 8
• Biogas contains small solid particles,
foams, greases and other contaminants.
• Engines can be damaged by excessive particle
contamination so removal is specified by engine
manufacturers
• Particulate causes clogging or blocking of downstream
equipment increasing maintenance costs & downtime.
Raw Biogas Filtration
Particle Removal
FFB Hyperfilter BioEnergy is specifically
designed to prevent these undesired effects

9. 9
Top access cover to
enable quick and easy
element replacement.
Support legs for easy
installation and
mounting.
Base acts as a trap
for water and other
contaminants which
can then be effectively
removed by the
manual drain valve.
Stainless steel AISI304
or AISI316L vessel with
flanged inlet and outlet
pipe connections
Two threaded etchings
for connection of a
differential pressure
gauge
Raw Biogas Filtration
Parker FFB Biogas Filter: Housing

10. 10
Filtration takes place through a porous filter
element made ​​of antistatic, spunbonded
polyester to ensure optimum filtration
efficiency and high stability.
Filtration quality: 5 or 20µm
Filter element end caps and inner
core in galvanized steel.
Average Pressure drop: 3mbar.
To maintain optimum and effective filtration, filter elements must be replaced at least every 6 months with
genuine Parker Hiross parts.
Raw Biogas Filtration
Parker FFB Biogas Filter: Cartridge

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Performances refer to models operating with gas flow rate at FAD 20°C/1 barA.
Weight includes element without manual drain.
A
B
C
D
Model Connections Dimensions (mm) Weight
m3/h (nom) m3/min (nom) IN OUT A B C D kg
FFB105-304 105 1.8 DN50 DN80 440 1454 1330 420 32
FFB265-304 265 4.4 DN80 DN125 440 1424 1300 390 35
FFB720-304 720 12.0 DN125 DN200 625 1838 1595 545 99
FFB1110-304 1110 18.5 DN200 DN300 633 1883 1650 600 108
FFB3180-304 2500 41.7 DN300 DN450 1000 2208 1805 696 255
Model Connections Dimensions (mm) Weight
m3/h (nom) m3/min (nom) IN OUT A B C D kg
FFB105-316 105 1.8 DN50 DN80 440 1454 1330 420 32
FFB265-316 265 4.4 DN80 DN125 440 1424 1300 390 35
FFB720-316 720 12.0 DN125 DN200 625 1838 1595 545 99
FFB1110-316 1110 18.5 DN200 DN300 633 1883 1650 600 108
FFB3180-316 2500 41.7 DN300 DN450 1000 2208 1805 696 255
Gas Flow*
Gas Flow*
Raw Biogas Filtration
Parker FFB Biogas Filter: Product Range

12. 12
G-Series – Biomethane Filtration
Housing: high-grade aluminium, refined by chromating
and additional outside surface painting
- Connection Type: Threaded
F-Series – Biomethane Filtration
Housing: High-grade carbon steel, inside and outside
protected by a corrosion-inhibiting coating.
- Connection Type: Flanged
TGE-Series – Raw Biogas Filtration
Housing: High-grade stainless steel 1.4301
- Connection Types: Threaded or flanged
Designed for operation with both raw biogas
and biomethane with full compliance to ATEX
and PED regulations
Biogas Filtration
Biomethane Applications

13. 13
Example:
1,000 Nm3/h of Biogas from digester
35 degC/100% saturated = 47g of water per Nm3/h of biogas
1,000 (Nm3/h) x 24 (hours) x 47 (g/Nm3/h)
= 1,128kg water produced per day
(more than 1 Tonne of water every day!)
Cooling to 5 degC dewpoint will reduce moisture
content to 7g/Nm3/h
= 168kg water produced per day
Cooling to 5 degC dewpoint will remove 960kg water per day
Biogas Dehumidification
How Much Water in One Day?

14. 1. Increases Efficiency (or Energy Output)
of Engine
2. Prevents Corrosion of Pipework and
Components
3. Partial Removal of H2S, Ammonia,
Siloxanes and other water soluble
contaminants
4. Reduces Contamination of Engine Oil
5. Improves lifetime/performance of
adsorbents, membranes etc
6. Complies with Technical Instruction of
Major Gas Engine Suppliers.
14
Biogas Dehumidification
Six Good Reasons to Remove Water from Biogas

15. 15
• High efficiency system
• Low pressure drop design
• Shell and tube heat exchanger with smooth pipes
• Parts in contact with biogas in AISI304 or AISI316L
• Shell in AISI304
• Pickling and passivation treatment for corrosion resistance
• Flow rates and performances aligned with CHP power range
• Suitable for horizontal & vertical installation
• Max working pressure: 0.5 barg
Biogas Dehumidification
WFB Biogas Shell and Tube Cooler

16. • Cyclonic separator optimized for biogas applications
• High separation efficiency & very low pressure drop
• Material: Stainless steel AISI304 or AISI316L
• Pickling & passivation treatment for corrosion
resistance
• Suitable for horizontal & vertical installations
• Design Pressure: 0.5 barg
Biogas Dehumidification
CSB Biogas Cyclonic Separator

17. 17
Biogas Dehumidification
Hyperchill BioEnergy
• Designed especially for biogas
applications (BioEnergy version)
• Provides low-temperature
cooling water
• Energy-efficient compliant scroll
compressors
• Packaged with large internal
tank and pump
• IP 54 rated
• All aluminium and copper parts
epoxy coated (BioEnergy
version)

18. Standard SKID
• WFB Cooler (heat exchanger)
• CSB Separator
• ICE BioEnergy Chiller
• Place for FFB filter
• Water connections
• Counterflanges kit
• Expansion Tank
• Galvanized steel frame
Options
• FFB Filter
• Hyperdrain
• Bypass (only with FFB)
Biogas Dehumidification
Parker Skid-Mounted Packages

19. Biogas Dehumidification
Parker Skid-Mounted Packages
19

20. Siloxanes are organo-silicons added to
many personal care products and are
present in many biogas substrates
Found in shampoos, conditioners,
cosmetics, soaps, deodorants, de-foamers,
water repellents lubricants, and even some
food additives
Over 1 million tonnes produced annually by
industry worldwide!
Siloxane Removal
What are Siloxanes?
Landfills - Sewage Plants – Food Waste Plants

21. 21
C8H24O4Si4
O2
Heat
D4 Siloxane
CO2
H2O
SiO2
+
+
+
= SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide = Sand)
Siloxane Removal
What happens inside the engine?

22. Siloxane Removal
What happens inside the engine?
• Siloxanes convert to silicon dioxide
under engine environment & conditions.
• Deposits rise, efficiency falls reducing
generating capacity
• Engine components are damaged and
oil-life shortened
• Cost in components, labour, downtime &
additional oil changes…..lost profit!

23. • Removes up to 98% of
siloxanes
• Payback can be achieved
in 12 months
• Can reduce engine annual
maintenance costs by as
much as 80%
• Compact, skid-mounted
design
• Low power consumption &
minimal maintenance
• More than 100 units sold
worldwide
Siloxane Removal
Parker PpTek Regenerative SRS

24. Siloxane Removal
VOC Adsorption

25. Siloxane Removal
Parker PpTek Regenerative SRS

26. • Ability to regenerate media on
site using TSA technology
• Polymeric, man-made resin
media up to 10 x as absorbent as
activated carbon (AC)
• Media can be designed to last
up to 5 years
• Minimal media disposal cost
• Hydrophobic media increases
adsorption capacity
Siloxane Removal
Parker PpTek System v Other Solutions
Media x1750 magnification

27. 27
Biogas Treatment Solutions
Summary- Parker BioEnergy