computer aided drug development,artificial intellegence ,robotice

1. Artificial Intelligence and
Robotics
presented by:
sujitha mary
M.Pharm
Pharmaceutics
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2. CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Pharmaceutical automation
• Applications
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Current and future directions
• Conclusion
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3. Introduction:
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a general term that
implies the use of a computer to model and/or
replicate intelligent behavior.
• Research in AI focuses on the development and
analysis of algorithms that learn and/or perform
intelligent behavior with minimal human
intervention.
• Robot is derived from the Czech word meaning is
‘forced labour’
• Robotics is a use of computer controlled robots to
do manual tasks.
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4. • AI & robotics have a common route. Birth of AI and
robotics took place in same period and initially there
was no differentiation between both.
• Robots are the hardwares and AI is software.
• Robot refer to the application-work being done and AI
tends to focus on intelligence needed to do the work.
• AI- focus on brain function replacement- thinking &
Robotics on mechanical implementations.
• AI embedded to mechanical system is called as
robotics.
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5. General overview:
• Artificial intelligence is the “The science and engineering of
making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer
programs”.
• This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human
intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer
friendly way.
• Robots are programmable machines that imitate human
behavior. It needs to be able to sense and understand its
environment as well as be able to perform physical tasks.
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6. Goals of AI
• To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit
intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice
its users.
• To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating
systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like
humans.
• Artificial intelligence is a science and technology based on
disciplines such as Computer Science, Biology, Psychology,
Linguistics, Mathematics, and Engineering.
• A major thrust of AI is in the development of computer
functions associated with human intelligence, such as
reasoning, learning, and problem solving.
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7. Pharmaceutical Automation
• Automation in the laboratory has been around for decades, but
historically accessibility and ease of use was reserved for high value
processes.
• With advances in technology and software, automation has become
more accessible and more organizations are investing in automation
strategies to improve their operations and services.
• By automating processes and streamlining data capture,
organizations reduce the number one cause of error in a process –
humans.
• With advances in technology and software, automation has become
more accessible and more organizations are investing in automation
strategies to improve their operations and services.
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8. • Current computer and peripheral systems have increased the capabilities
and flexibility of robot technology ,robots soon could be critical to drug
manufacturers' efforts to reduce costs, ensure consistent product quality,
and increase efficiency.
• A robot is an automated system that incorporates a sensor, an intelligent
decision-making algorithm, and an actuator,
• Robots fall into two main categories. Arm robots mimic the structure of
the human arm and are good for pick-and-place functions.
• Parallel robots comprise a platform mounted on "legs." These systems
provide more precision (e.g., for insertion) than arm robots.
• A pharmaceutical manufacturer must pay particular attention to the
robot's end effecter (e.g., its gripper), the part that will come into contact
with the product.
• A company also must consider its sterility requirements and whether the
robot will manipulate fragile containers.
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9. • Automation and compliance
• Automation improves compliance and minimizes deviations by connecting
instruments to electronic systems, so users don’t have to manually enter
data.
• But moving data from on-premise systems to cloud systems can raise
encryption and security concerns among organization.
• data security challenges around moving and transferring data, more
education on the options available to address these concerns, such as
encryption, is needed.
• Generally, there are two stages in the data transferring encryption process
that organizations need to be aware of – these are data encryption in
transit (data being transferred via a network that potentially could be
intercepted) and data encryption at rest (inactive data that is stored
physically in any digital form).
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10. Applications
1.Laboratories.
• Pharmaceutical laboratories now use robots to perform tests because they are
easy to automate using traditional pick-and-place machines.
• Equipment vendors have begun providing the industry with laboratory
instruments that incorporate robots. For example, SciGene makes a laboratory
bench that includes a robot that prepares DNA samples. The laboratory
technician does not need engineering skills; he or she can use the robot by
following simple instructions,
2.Packaging:
• The flexibility of a robotic system is especially useful in packaging applications
such as primary packaging, placing primary cartons in a case, and loading the
case on a pallet
• Such capabilities are particularly beneficial if a company makes multiple
products or different product package configurations on a single production
line.
• companies are now adopting track-and-trace capabilities in packaging. "In
many cases, replacing human labor in packaging by automation or a robotic
system will provide a more error-free operation
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11. • Potential applications
• Because it is a repetitive activity that requires great reproducibility
to produce a high-quality product, aseptic filling would particularly
benefit from robotic automation.
• Any technology that can remove the operator from the cleanroom
logically will provide for a higher probability of producing a sterile
product
• In addition, robots could enhance quality assurance and quality
control by enabling 100% inspection, which is difficult for humans
to achieve.
• A robotic system consisting of several cameras and a conveyor belt
"could actually take a picture of each pill as it goes down the line
and kick off any minor, imperceptible flaw, so that only perfect
product gets through,"
• They can also check products for weight, color, or barcodes
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12. • Fraudulent medications
• With the advent of online pharmacies, there have been an
overwhelming number of cases of medications that are not what
they claim to be on the packaging.
• The pharmaceutical industry has therefore placed an increasing
emphasis on being able to trace drugs from manufacturing all the
way to the point of sale or dispensing.
• Robotic pharmacies
• total robotic pharmacies in the future that could do away with the
need for a pharmacist to physically dispense medications.
• The benefits of robotic dispensing are decreased errors in giving
out incorrect medicines and reduced staff latency resulting in
increased overall efficiency of the pharmacy at hand.
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13. Advantages
1. Accuracy: Robotic systems are more accurate and consistent than
their human counterparts.
• 2. Tirelessness: A robot can perform a 96 man-hour project in 10 hours
with more consistency and higher quality results.
• 3. Reliability: Robots can work 24 hours a day, seven days a week
without stopping or tiring.
• 4. Return on investment (ROI): There is quick turn-around with ROI.
Plus, with the increase in quality and application speed, there are the
benefits of increased production possibilities.
• 5. Affordability: With the advancements in technology and affordable
robotics becoming available at less cost, more pick and place robotic cells
are being installed for automation applications. 13

14. • 6. Production: With robots, throughput speeds increase, which directly
impacts production.
• 7. Quality: Applications are performed with precision and high
repeatability every time.
• 8. Speed: Without breaks or hesitation, robots are able to alter
productivity by increasing throughput.
• 9. Flexibility: Changes in their End of Arm Tooling (EOAT) developments
and vision technology have expanded the application-specific abilities of
packaging robots.
• 10. Safety: Workers are moved to supervisory roles, so they no longer
have to perform dangerous applications in hazardous settings.
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15. • 11. Savings: Greater worker safety leads to financial savings. There are
fewer healthcare and insurance concerns for employers.
• 12. Redeployment: The flexibility of robots is usually measured by their
ability to handle multiple product changes over time, but they can also
handle changes in product life cycles.
• 13. Reduced chances of contamination: Removing people from the
screening process reduces the potential for contamination and the
potential for dropped samples when handling them in laboratories.
• 14. Cost: Paybacks for the purchase of robotic equipment in the
pharmaceutical industry, given the fairly high hourly labor rates paid to
employees, number of production shifts, and the low cost of capital.
• 15. Work continuously in any environment: robots are impervious to
many environments that would not be safe for humans.
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16. Disadvantages
• 1. Expense: The initial investment of robots is significant, especially
when business owners are limiting their purchases to new robotic
equipment
2. Dangers and fears:
The principal theme is the robots' intelligence and ability to act could
exceed that of humans, that they could develop a conscience and a
motivation to take over or destroy the human race.
3. Expertise: Employees will require training in programming and
interacting with the new robotic equipment. This normally takes time and
financial output.
4. Return on investment (ROI): Incorporating industrial robots does not
guarantee results. Without planning, companies can have difficulty
achieving their goals.
5. Safety: Robots may protect workers from some hazards, but in the
meantime, their very presence can create other safety problems. These
new dangers must be taken into consideration.
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17. Current challenges and future
directions
• Challenges in Robotics in India
• high cost of adoption,
• availability of skilled talent
• procurement of hardware components.
• the cost of adopting Robotic technology is very high due
to the cost of procuring imported hardware components
as well as training personnel.
• As Robotics is a multidisciplinary field, acquiring and
retaining quality talent is a big issue.
• the capital-intensive nature of Robotics adoption when
compared to the low cost of human labour clearly tips the
scale in favour of the latter.
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18. in general hardware businesses are challenging because
of all the paperwork involved in importing hardware
parts into India. there is a scarcity of talent that
specializes in the many disciplines such as electrical,
embedded, software and mechanical that make up
Robotics.
Importing quality components leads to longer lead times
and other excise and licensing woes is also a major
concern for them, in addition to finding early adopter
customers of Robotics.
• the absence of hardware companies that can cater to
them and the dependence on countries like China, USA
and Europe to procure the necessary components as a
major stumbling block.
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19. • Ethics
• Stop me if you’ve heard concerns about robot ethics
before. All kidding aside, it’s a major challenge, and the
robotics industry is well aware of. The study breaks
down ethical problems into five topics:
• Sensitive tasks that should require human supervision
could be delegated entirely to robots
• Humans will no longer take responsibility for failures
• Unemployment and de-skilling of the workforce
• AI could erode human freedom
• Using AI in unethical ways
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20. • Social robots for long-term engagement
• Humans are, generally, adept at interpreting social
behavior. Robots are not. The study says the three
biggest challenges of building social robots that truly
interact with humans are modeling social dynamics,
learning social and moral norms, and building a robotic
theory of mind
• Today’s social robots have been designed for short
interactions, which isn’t how human relationships
work. Social robots must expand from moment-to-
moment engagements to long-term relationships.
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21. • A major challenge is in teaching robots
concepts that humans easily understand, like
trust.
• Human robot interaction:
• Robots have to cooperate with human both
safely and efficiently
• For this to happen major improvements have
to be done in hardware and software.
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22. Future:
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning present the
industry with a real opportunity to do R & D differently.
• It can substantially improve success at early stages of drug
development.
• Accelerating the drug discovery with technology
• AI give us much wider space in drug discovery.
• The technology will help in terms of the industry’s selection of
patients to clinical trial & company can indentify any issues in
compound much earlier
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23. Future of Robotics in India
 There is no denying that Robotic technologies are all set to change the
way things are done in the industries in which they are being
implemented.
 Robotics mainly capturing industries like manufacturing,
pharmaceutical, packaging and inspection.
 A bit of Robotics would also be seen in the healthcare sector primarily
in the form of assistive and skill development technologies.
 Robotics will very soon become an important aspect of our lives
 As with other technologies, adoption in India is usually sluggish,
however, once picked up, it does follow a steeper growth trajectory.
 in various sectors where demand is rising, there will be huge
opportunities and hence a higher rate of adoption of Robotic
technology
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24.  Due to globalization and high industrialization, Robotics in
India is poised for a bright future.
 Considering that India is already a manufacturing hub catering
to the whole world, the use of robots in every aspect of
manufacturing will provide the necessary edge to companies.
 As there is acute shortage of reliable blue colour labour in all
industries, coming up with Robotic solutions that can solve
this problem will lead to the growth of a separate Robotics
sector in India.”
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25. In future it wont be physicists building nanobots to cure health
problems but it will be pharmacologists that know how body
system works.
Because of nanobots a new generation adds up a new
capability or cure for something which was previously
untreatable.
Once we have algorithm to teach an AI to analyse massive data
we can free up humans.
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26. conclusion
 AI is awakening fear and enthusiasm in equal measures.
 AI main assumption is intelligence can be represented in
terms of symbol structures or operations which can
programmed in digital computers.
 Now the great challenge of AI is representing commonsense
knowledge and experience that allows people to do day to
day work.
 However if humans blindly follow automated instructions,
without knowing how to question this could have negative
implication.
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27. NANO-ROBOTS
Nano-robots are so tiny machines that they
can traverse the human body very easily. When a nano-robot enters
into the body of a patient would seek for infected cells and would
repair them without causing any damage to the healthy cells. The
nano-robot will remain outside the cell while the nano-
manipulators will penetrate into targeted or damaged cell thus
avoiding any possibility of causing damage to the intracellular
skeleton. Thus these nano-robots when enter into human
bloodstream provide cell surgery and extreme life prolongation.
Each nano-robot by itself will have limited capabilities, but the
coordinated effort of a multitude will produce the desired system
level results. Coordination is needed across the board for
communication, sensing, and acting and poses a major research
challenge
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