SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  55
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Identification of workshop Tools
AG 1107
Practical No. 01
1
TOOLS
• This Practical is designed to give you a basic idea of the tools in
workshop.
• this will mainly focus on identification and tool care.
• Learning how to use the tools will come with time.
2
Your Hands
• They are the most important and valuable tools you have.
• Protect them from harm by working smart, wearing gloves when
necessary, and by not taking chances.
• Without your hands, no other tool is any good to you.
3
Good Tool Habits
• “A place for everything, and everything in it’s place.”
• Keep each tool in its proper place
• Keep your tools in good condition
• Use tools only for the job they were designed for
• Keep tools within easy reach, and where they cannot fall
• Avoid damaged tools
• They will damage your work, and can cause injury.
4
Hand Tools
• There are many, many types of hand tools:
• Striking tools (hammers, mallets, sledges)
• Turning tools (wrenches)
• Pliers (normal pliers, Channel-locks, Vice-grips)
• Bladed tools (chisels and planes)
• Saws (for wood or metal)
• Abrasives (scrapers, sandpaper, files)
5
Striking Tools
• This includes all different types of hammers, sledges and mallets.
• Each type is designed for a specific kind of work, and misuse can
damage the tool or your work piece.
• You should avoid striking metal to metal. Place a block of wood
between the two pieces if you must use a metal striking tool.
6
Hammers
• This is the classic hammer design. It
should only be used to drive nails in,
and not for hitting things.
• There are two common types of
heads: Claw, which is used for
removing nails, and Ball Peen, which
is used for shaping soft metal and
rivets.
7
Claw hammer
Ball Peen hammer
Hammers
A ball peen hammer is the most common type
of hammer used in automotive work. It has a
flat face for general striking. It also has around
end for shaping metal parts, such as sheet metal
or river heads.
A sledge hammer has a very large head. It is
usually the heaviest hammer and produces
powerful blows. A sledge hammer is sometimes
used to free frozen parts.
Sledgehammers
• Sledgehammer: Used mainly for
destruction. Can be used for less
damaging applications if used
gently.
9
Hammers
The brass or lead hammer has a soft, heavy head
and is useful when scarring the surface of a part
must be avoided. The relatively soft head deforms
to protect the part surface from damage.
A plastic or rawhide hammer is light and has a soft
head. It is used where light blows are needed to
prevent part breakage or damage to surfaces on
small; and delicate parts.
A rubber mallet has a head made of solid rubber. It
will rebound, or bounce, upon striking and is not
effective on solid metal parts. It is recommended
on sheet metal or plastic parts, such as garnish
molding and wheel covers.
A dead blow hammer has a plastic-coated, metal
face and is filled with small metal balls called lead
shot. The extra weight prevents a rebound of the
hammer when striking. The plastic coating avoids
surface damage.
Mallets
• Mallet: Typically made
of rubber or wood.
Used for assembling
tight-fitting pieces,
freeing stuck objects,
and manipulating
other tools like chisels.
11
Turning Tools
• Turning tools are used to turn objects. This will usually be either a
bolt, nut or piece of pipe.
• It is important to use the right wrench for a job, or you will end up
‘stripping’ or ‘rounding’ what you are trying to turn. This is bad.
• You should also always try to use the proper size wrench for a job,
and not just find an adjustable. Adjustables will cause ‘rounding’ over
time as well.
12
Wrenches
▪ Wrenches are used to install and remove nuts and bolts.
▪ Wrench size is determined by measuring across the wrench jaws.
▪ Wrenches come in both conventional (inch) and metric (millimeter) sizes.
▪ The size is stamped on the side of the wrench.
Wrench Rules
▪ Always select the right size wrench. It must fit the bolt head snugly. A loose fitting wrench will
round-off the corners of the bolt head.
▪ Never hammer on a standard wrench to break loose a bolt. Use a longer wrench with more
leverage or a special slug wrench. A slug wrench is designed to be used with a hammer.
▪ When possible, pull on the wrench. Then, if the wrench slips, you are less likely to hurt your
hand. When you must push, use the palm of your hand and keep your fingers open.
▪ Never use a steel bar or pipe to increase the length of a wrench for leverage. Excess force can
bend or break the wrench.
Customary tool sizes are given in fractions of an inch.
The measurement is the width of the jaw opening. As
shown here, these sizes are not the same as bolt sizes.
Metric wrench sizes are given in millimeters. The
measurement is the wide of the jaw opening. The
wrench size is not the same as the bolt size.
Wrench Sizes
A. Open-End Wrenches- An open-end wrench has an open jaw on both ends. Each end is a different
size and set at an angle.
B. Box-end Wrenches- Box-end wrenches are completely closed on both ends. They fully surround
and grip the head of the bolt or nut.
C. Combination Wrenches- A combination wrench has a box-end jaw on one end and an open end
on the other. Both ends are usually the same size.
D. Line Wrenches- A line wrench, also called a tubing wrench or flare nut wrench, is a box-end
wrench with a small opening or split in the jaw. The opening allows the wrench to be slipped over
fuel lines, brake lines or power steering line and onto the fitting nut.
Open-end Wrenches
• Used for nuts and bolts.
16
Box Wrenches
• Also used for nuts and bolts, better than an open-
end wrench where usable, but without an open
end it won’t fit onto all jobs.
• If the wrench has an open end and a box end, it is known as
a ‘combination wrench’.
17
Crescent Wrenches
• A crescent wrench is the term used for an adjustable open-end wrench.
• The term crescent is actually a trademark, but it has become synonymous with all
makes of the type.
18
Pipe Wrenches
• As the name suggests, it is used for pipes. The jaws are designed to bind onto the piece being
turned, and so it will grip any circular object.
19
Socket Wrenches
A socket is a cylinder-shaped, box-end tool for removing or installing bolts and nuts.
One end fits over the fastener. The other end has a square hole that fits on a handle
used for turning.
Different socket types. Note both standard and deep-well
sockets are shown.
Socket Drive Size
A socket’s drive size is the size of the square opening for the handle
Other Wrenches
Allen Wrenches are hexagonal (six sided) shaft
type wrench.. It is used to turn set screws on
pulleys, gears, and knobs. To prevent damage
make sure the Allen wrench is fully inserted in
the fastener before turning.
Ratchet Wrench
Flex Combination Wrench
Half moon, 12 point wrench for tight quarters
Pliers
• Pliers, regardless of the type, are used to grip, turn, twist and pull.
The many types range from generic, square-nosed pliers to incredibly
specialized designs meant for only one type of application.
23
Pliers
• Normal pliers come in many styles:
24
Needlenose Pliers
Linesman’s Pliers
Pliers
Pliers are used to grip, cut,crimp, hold, and been various parts. Different pliers are helpful for different
situations.
A. Combination pliers, or slip joint pliers, are the most common pliers used. The slip joint allows the
jaws to be adjusted to grasp different size parts.
B. Rib Joint pliers or Channel lock pliers, or water pump pliers open extra wide for holding very large
objects.
C. Needle nose pliers are excellent for handling extremely small parts or reaching into highly restricted
areas.
D. Diagonal cutting pliers are the most commonly used cutting pliers. The jaw shape allows cutting
flush with a surface
E. Locking pliers, or vise grips, clamp onto and hold a part.
F. Snap ring pliers have sharp pointed tips for installing and removing special clips called snap rings.
Vise-Grip’s
• Vise-Grip is the trade name for a specific type of locking, adjustable
plier known as ‘wrench pliers’. It has since come to be used when
referring to any tool of this type:
26
Adjustable Tools
• Many turning tools and pliers are adjustable. This does not mean they are ‘one
size fits all’.
• Not all sizes will adjust to the necessary dimensions, and sometimes the size of
the tool itself is a problem, necessitating going down or up a size.
• If possible, always use a properly sized, non-adjustable tool.
27
Bladed Tools
• These tools are used for shaping wood.
• They require some experience to use, and are very fragile if treated
improperly. The blade in particular will chip and damage easily if put
in contact with the ground.
28
Planes
• Used to shape wood, pushed
or pulled along the piece
shaving a thin layer off.
• Should always be stored with
the blade retracted, and in a
soft cloth.
• When in use, should be kept
laying on its side to prevent
blade damage.
• Make sure there are no
fasteners in the piece you
are planing, as they will
quickly destroy the blade.
29
Wood Chisels
• Used to shape
wood, and to form
insets, cutouts and
other necessary
recesses in wood.
30
Chisel & Punch Designs
A. Flat Chisel
B. Cape Chisel
C. Round-nose cape chisel
D. Diamond-point chisel
E. Chisel or punch holder
F. Center punch
G. Pin punch
H. Long tapered punch
I. Starting punch
Chisel Care
• Like planes, the blades of a chisel are easily damaged. Chisels
should be stored in a cloth or cover that will prevent the blade
from chipping.
• When in use the chisels should be laid down with the blade up,
preferably on a soft cloth.
32
Right Wrong
Saws
• Saws are toothed cutting tools.
• They can be designed for wood or metal cutting.
• A metal-cutting saw can cut wood in a pinch, but never use a wood saw on
metal.
• The difference is in the teeth: how many, how big, and at what angle
they are set.
33
Hacksaws
• Hacksaws have blades with lots of small teeth. They are meant for
cutting metal.
34
Wood Saws
• There are many types of wood saw. They will have larger teeth than
hacksaws, and there is typically a large ‘kerf’ to the teeth.
35
Sandpaper
• Different grits of sandpaper are used for different applications. The number
is in reference to how many particles of grit there are per square inch. The
less particles the bigger they are, and they rougher it is.
• The grits range from about 40 all the way up to past 4000. For our purposes
we mostly use in the 80-220 range.
36
This is 320 grit
sandpaper. Look
at all the particles
in the magnified
view.
Scrapers
• Scrapers are used to remove varnish or paint quickly. It is important
that the blade is kept sharp.
• You will be taught how to sharpen the blade using a file.
37
Files/Rasps
• Files are fine-toothed bars used to file metal or wood. They are used mainly for sharpening tools,
but can also be used for shaping of material.
• Rasps are similar to files but they have much bigger teeth. They are used for woodworking only.
38
Files
Files remove burrs, nicks, and sharp
edges and perform other smoothing
operations.
They are useful when only a small
amount of material must be
removed.
A file is classified by its length,
shape, and cutting surface.
Generally, a coarse file with large
cutting edges should be used on soft
materials, such as plastic, brass, and
aluminum.
A fine file with small cutting edges
is needed to produce a smoother
surface and to curt harder materials,
like cast iron or steel.
Power Tools
• There are as many power tools as there are hand tools. Each one as
specialized as the hand variety.
• Use special care as they can be very dangerous if misused.
40
Power Saws
41
Sanders, Grinders, Planers
42
Measuring Tools
• Tapes/Rulers: For measuring linear distance.
• Calipers: For measuring distances that would be hard to with a tape, either
because of the shape or size.
• Squares: For measuring and laying off angles.
43
Metric vs. Imperial
• You will encounter both metric and Imperial tool sizes in the shop.
(Metric in millimeters, Imperial in inches and fractions such as 3/8”)
• European and Asian tools and equipment use metric, Americans use
Imperial, and the Canadians use both.
• Ensure you are using Metric tools with metric fasteners, and Imperial
tools with Imperial fasteners. Mixing will damage tools and your
work.
44
Screws:
45
There are many, many
types of screws. The three
most common drive types
are:
Robertson
Slot Phillips
There is also a huge variety when it comes to head type, shank size, thread
type, etc.
Know what your job is and find a fastener that will work, there is a type for
every application
Screwdrivers
• There are screwdrivers for every type of screw.
• Both screwheads and screwdrivers come in multiples
sizes, depending on what the actual size of the screw
is. Use the right size.
• Do not use screwdrivers for other applications, like as
a marlinespike, as this will bend them
46
Screwdrivers
Screwdrivers are used to remove or
install screws. They come in many
shapes and sizes.
A Standard screwdriver has a single
blade that fits into a slot in the screw
head.
A Phillips screwdriver has two crossing
blades that fit into a star-shaped scre slot.
A Reed and Prince screwdriver is similar
to a Phillips, but has a slightly different
tip shape.
Torx and clutch head are special types of
screwdrivers
Screwdrivers
Offset Screwdriver
Stubby Screwdriver
Offset and stubby screwdrivers are good I tight places. For
example, a stubby screwdriver is needed for loosening
screws inside a glove box. Starting screwdrivers hold the
screws securely until started in its hold. They prevent the
screw from being dropped or lost.
Starting Screwdriver
Nuts and Bolts
• Nuts and bolts are excellent
fasteners. They are strong,
secure, and easy to remove
when the time comes.
• They are also relatively
expensive, so they are not
used in every application.
• They are the only fastener
that will join metal to metal,
though a hole needs to be
pre-drilled.
49
Nails
50
Nails are simple and
cheap. They are also
hard to remove
without damaging
the material and they
do not hold well over
a long period.
Because of this we
try to avoid nails,
especially onboard
the ships.
Drill Bits
• Drill bits are as varied as the fasteners.
• There are 3 main types: Metal, Wood and Concrete.
• This is a ‘twist drill’ it is the classic drill-bit. It is meant for metal but
can be used in wood.
51
Drill Bits
• These are all wood
bits. Notice the
spur/point in the front
of each one. If used is
metal or concrete this
will break off and
make it useless.
• Each type has its pros
and cons. Learn them
as you are able.
52
Forstner Bit
Spade Bit
Brad Point Bit
Drill Bits
53
•These are masonry
bits. Do not use them for
any other application as
they will damage
themselves and the
work.
•Notice the
‘Hammerhead’ which
bores through the
masonry.
Clamps
• Used to hold
material while
working on it, or
while gluing.
• Left to Right:
Bar clamp,
C-clamp
54
Thank you
55

Contenu connexe

Similaire à AG_1107_01_n.pdf

Mechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 Tools
Mechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 ToolsMechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 Tools
Mechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 ToolsFuture Managers
 
Basic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safety
Basic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safetyBasic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safety
Basic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safetyWarfyBalbosaOropa
 
CSS Handling of Tools.pptx
CSS Handling of Tools.pptxCSS Handling of Tools.pptx
CSS Handling of Tools.pptxAiLeen5236
 
Chs basic tools and equipment
Chs basic tools and equipmentChs basic tools and equipment
Chs basic tools and equipmentanjgulf
 
Different tools used in workshop
Different tools used in workshopDifferent tools used in workshop
Different tools used in workshopManoj Kumar
 
AUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptx
AUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptxAUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptx
AUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptxRaymundDowaso
 
Workshop Technology - basic tools
Workshop Technology - basic toolsWorkshop Technology - basic tools
Workshop Technology - basic toolsYasir Hashmi
 
TLE : carpentry and masonry
TLE : carpentry and masonry  TLE : carpentry and masonry
TLE : carpentry and masonry Alistair Datu
 
Hand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industries
Hand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industriesHand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industries
Hand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industriesrajendrakhatri5
 
Camping knife a tacti campers feature
Camping knife a tacti campers featureCamping knife a tacti campers feature
Camping knife a tacti campers featurePaoloPangilinan2
 
Types of Wrenches & How They Work.pdf
Types of Wrenches & How They Work.pdfTypes of Wrenches & How They Work.pdf
Types of Wrenches & How They Work.pdfJamil Syed
 

Similaire à AG_1107_01_n.pdf (20)

Mechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 Tools
Mechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 ToolsMechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 Tools
Mechanical Technology Grade 12 Chapter 4 Tools
 
Basic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safety
Basic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safetyBasic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safety
Basic Carpentry Hand Tools- Hammers and safety
 
Epp grade 5
Epp grade 5Epp grade 5
Epp grade 5
 
Bricklayers tool kit
Bricklayers tool kitBricklayers tool kit
Bricklayers tool kit
 
Bricklayers tool kit
Bricklayers tool kitBricklayers tool kit
Bricklayers tool kit
 
BASIC HAND TOOLS
BASIC HAND TOOLSBASIC HAND TOOLS
BASIC HAND TOOLS
 
CSS Handling of Tools.pptx
CSS Handling of Tools.pptxCSS Handling of Tools.pptx
CSS Handling of Tools.pptx
 
Chs basic tools and equipment
Chs basic tools and equipmentChs basic tools and equipment
Chs basic tools and equipment
 
Different tools used in workshop
Different tools used in workshopDifferent tools used in workshop
Different tools used in workshop
 
AUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptx
AUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptxAUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptx
AUTOMOTIVE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptx
 
Knives
KnivesKnives
Knives
 
Wrenches
WrenchesWrenches
Wrenches
 
Hand saws
Hand sawsHand saws
Hand saws
 
Workshop Technology - basic tools
Workshop Technology - basic toolsWorkshop Technology - basic tools
Workshop Technology - basic tools
 
TLE : carpentry and masonry
TLE : carpentry and masonry  TLE : carpentry and masonry
TLE : carpentry and masonry
 
Hand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industries
Hand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industriesHand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industries
Hand Tools Practise - Mechanical.ppt for training and awareness in industries
 
Mason.docx
Mason.docxMason.docx
Mason.docx
 
Mason.docx
Mason.docxMason.docx
Mason.docx
 
Camping knife a tacti campers feature
Camping knife a tacti campers featureCamping knife a tacti campers feature
Camping knife a tacti campers feature
 
Types of Wrenches & How They Work.pdf
Types of Wrenches & How They Work.pdfTypes of Wrenches & How They Work.pdf
Types of Wrenches & How They Work.pdf
 

Plus de SupunSanjeewa6

AG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdfAG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
Practical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdf
Practical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdfPractical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdf
Practical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
Practical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdf
Practical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdfPractical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdf
Practical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdfPractical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdfPractical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdfSupunSanjeewa6
 

Plus de SupunSanjeewa6 (20)

AG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._14.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdfAG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_9_10_student_copy.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._02.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._12.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._11.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._10.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._07.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._09.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._08.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._01.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._05.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._04.pdf
 
AG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdfAG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdf
AG_2105_Practical_No._03.pdf
 
Practical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdf
Practical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdfPractical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdf
Practical_No._02_Identification_of_engine_parts_4_stroke_cycle.pdf
 
Practical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdf
Practical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdfPractical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdf
Practical_No._07_Identification_and_maintenance_of_storage_battery_ignition.pdf
 
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdfPractical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
 
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdfPractical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
Practical_No._12_Identification_of_the_hydraulic_system_hitching_of.pdf
 
AG_1107-08.docx
AG_1107-08.docxAG_1107-08.docx
AG_1107-08.docx
 
swine.pptx
swine.pptxswine.pptx
swine.pptx
 
AG_1107-07.pdf
AG_1107-07.pdfAG_1107-07.pdf
AG_1107-07.pdf
 

Dernier

BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...AKSHAYMAGAR17
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...gdgsurrey
 
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptMaterial Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptBanaras Hindu University
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchRushdi Shams
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptxmary850239
 
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsAuchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...Marlene Maheu
 
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSDLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSTeacherNicaPrintable
 
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfPHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfSumit Tiwari
 
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptxGOWSIKRAJA PALANISAMY
 
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptxmary850239
 
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxMetabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptxmary850239
 
Quantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey designQuantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey designBalelaBoru
 

Dernier (20)

BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
 
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
 
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptMaterial Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
 
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsAuchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
 
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
 
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSDLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
 
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfPHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
 
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
 
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
 
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxMetabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
 
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
 
Quantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey designQuantitative research methodology and survey design
Quantitative research methodology and survey design
 

AG_1107_01_n.pdf

  • 1. Identification of workshop Tools AG 1107 Practical No. 01 1
  • 2. TOOLS • This Practical is designed to give you a basic idea of the tools in workshop. • this will mainly focus on identification and tool care. • Learning how to use the tools will come with time. 2
  • 3. Your Hands • They are the most important and valuable tools you have. • Protect them from harm by working smart, wearing gloves when necessary, and by not taking chances. • Without your hands, no other tool is any good to you. 3
  • 4. Good Tool Habits • “A place for everything, and everything in it’s place.” • Keep each tool in its proper place • Keep your tools in good condition • Use tools only for the job they were designed for • Keep tools within easy reach, and where they cannot fall • Avoid damaged tools • They will damage your work, and can cause injury. 4
  • 5. Hand Tools • There are many, many types of hand tools: • Striking tools (hammers, mallets, sledges) • Turning tools (wrenches) • Pliers (normal pliers, Channel-locks, Vice-grips) • Bladed tools (chisels and planes) • Saws (for wood or metal) • Abrasives (scrapers, sandpaper, files) 5
  • 6. Striking Tools • This includes all different types of hammers, sledges and mallets. • Each type is designed for a specific kind of work, and misuse can damage the tool or your work piece. • You should avoid striking metal to metal. Place a block of wood between the two pieces if you must use a metal striking tool. 6
  • 7. Hammers • This is the classic hammer design. It should only be used to drive nails in, and not for hitting things. • There are two common types of heads: Claw, which is used for removing nails, and Ball Peen, which is used for shaping soft metal and rivets. 7 Claw hammer Ball Peen hammer
  • 8. Hammers A ball peen hammer is the most common type of hammer used in automotive work. It has a flat face for general striking. It also has around end for shaping metal parts, such as sheet metal or river heads. A sledge hammer has a very large head. It is usually the heaviest hammer and produces powerful blows. A sledge hammer is sometimes used to free frozen parts.
  • 9. Sledgehammers • Sledgehammer: Used mainly for destruction. Can be used for less damaging applications if used gently. 9
  • 10. Hammers The brass or lead hammer has a soft, heavy head and is useful when scarring the surface of a part must be avoided. The relatively soft head deforms to protect the part surface from damage. A plastic or rawhide hammer is light and has a soft head. It is used where light blows are needed to prevent part breakage or damage to surfaces on small; and delicate parts. A rubber mallet has a head made of solid rubber. It will rebound, or bounce, upon striking and is not effective on solid metal parts. It is recommended on sheet metal or plastic parts, such as garnish molding and wheel covers. A dead blow hammer has a plastic-coated, metal face and is filled with small metal balls called lead shot. The extra weight prevents a rebound of the hammer when striking. The plastic coating avoids surface damage.
  • 11. Mallets • Mallet: Typically made of rubber or wood. Used for assembling tight-fitting pieces, freeing stuck objects, and manipulating other tools like chisels. 11
  • 12. Turning Tools • Turning tools are used to turn objects. This will usually be either a bolt, nut or piece of pipe. • It is important to use the right wrench for a job, or you will end up ‘stripping’ or ‘rounding’ what you are trying to turn. This is bad. • You should also always try to use the proper size wrench for a job, and not just find an adjustable. Adjustables will cause ‘rounding’ over time as well. 12
  • 13. Wrenches ▪ Wrenches are used to install and remove nuts and bolts. ▪ Wrench size is determined by measuring across the wrench jaws. ▪ Wrenches come in both conventional (inch) and metric (millimeter) sizes. ▪ The size is stamped on the side of the wrench. Wrench Rules ▪ Always select the right size wrench. It must fit the bolt head snugly. A loose fitting wrench will round-off the corners of the bolt head. ▪ Never hammer on a standard wrench to break loose a bolt. Use a longer wrench with more leverage or a special slug wrench. A slug wrench is designed to be used with a hammer. ▪ When possible, pull on the wrench. Then, if the wrench slips, you are less likely to hurt your hand. When you must push, use the palm of your hand and keep your fingers open. ▪ Never use a steel bar or pipe to increase the length of a wrench for leverage. Excess force can bend or break the wrench.
  • 14. Customary tool sizes are given in fractions of an inch. The measurement is the width of the jaw opening. As shown here, these sizes are not the same as bolt sizes. Metric wrench sizes are given in millimeters. The measurement is the wide of the jaw opening. The wrench size is not the same as the bolt size. Wrench Sizes
  • 15. A. Open-End Wrenches- An open-end wrench has an open jaw on both ends. Each end is a different size and set at an angle. B. Box-end Wrenches- Box-end wrenches are completely closed on both ends. They fully surround and grip the head of the bolt or nut. C. Combination Wrenches- A combination wrench has a box-end jaw on one end and an open end on the other. Both ends are usually the same size. D. Line Wrenches- A line wrench, also called a tubing wrench or flare nut wrench, is a box-end wrench with a small opening or split in the jaw. The opening allows the wrench to be slipped over fuel lines, brake lines or power steering line and onto the fitting nut.
  • 16. Open-end Wrenches • Used for nuts and bolts. 16
  • 17. Box Wrenches • Also used for nuts and bolts, better than an open- end wrench where usable, but without an open end it won’t fit onto all jobs. • If the wrench has an open end and a box end, it is known as a ‘combination wrench’. 17
  • 18. Crescent Wrenches • A crescent wrench is the term used for an adjustable open-end wrench. • The term crescent is actually a trademark, but it has become synonymous with all makes of the type. 18
  • 19. Pipe Wrenches • As the name suggests, it is used for pipes. The jaws are designed to bind onto the piece being turned, and so it will grip any circular object. 19
  • 20. Socket Wrenches A socket is a cylinder-shaped, box-end tool for removing or installing bolts and nuts. One end fits over the fastener. The other end has a square hole that fits on a handle used for turning. Different socket types. Note both standard and deep-well sockets are shown.
  • 21. Socket Drive Size A socket’s drive size is the size of the square opening for the handle
  • 22. Other Wrenches Allen Wrenches are hexagonal (six sided) shaft type wrench.. It is used to turn set screws on pulleys, gears, and knobs. To prevent damage make sure the Allen wrench is fully inserted in the fastener before turning. Ratchet Wrench Flex Combination Wrench Half moon, 12 point wrench for tight quarters
  • 23. Pliers • Pliers, regardless of the type, are used to grip, turn, twist and pull. The many types range from generic, square-nosed pliers to incredibly specialized designs meant for only one type of application. 23
  • 24. Pliers • Normal pliers come in many styles: 24 Needlenose Pliers Linesman’s Pliers
  • 25. Pliers Pliers are used to grip, cut,crimp, hold, and been various parts. Different pliers are helpful for different situations. A. Combination pliers, or slip joint pliers, are the most common pliers used. The slip joint allows the jaws to be adjusted to grasp different size parts. B. Rib Joint pliers or Channel lock pliers, or water pump pliers open extra wide for holding very large objects. C. Needle nose pliers are excellent for handling extremely small parts or reaching into highly restricted areas. D. Diagonal cutting pliers are the most commonly used cutting pliers. The jaw shape allows cutting flush with a surface E. Locking pliers, or vise grips, clamp onto and hold a part. F. Snap ring pliers have sharp pointed tips for installing and removing special clips called snap rings.
  • 26. Vise-Grip’s • Vise-Grip is the trade name for a specific type of locking, adjustable plier known as ‘wrench pliers’. It has since come to be used when referring to any tool of this type: 26
  • 27. Adjustable Tools • Many turning tools and pliers are adjustable. This does not mean they are ‘one size fits all’. • Not all sizes will adjust to the necessary dimensions, and sometimes the size of the tool itself is a problem, necessitating going down or up a size. • If possible, always use a properly sized, non-adjustable tool. 27
  • 28. Bladed Tools • These tools are used for shaping wood. • They require some experience to use, and are very fragile if treated improperly. The blade in particular will chip and damage easily if put in contact with the ground. 28
  • 29. Planes • Used to shape wood, pushed or pulled along the piece shaving a thin layer off. • Should always be stored with the blade retracted, and in a soft cloth. • When in use, should be kept laying on its side to prevent blade damage. • Make sure there are no fasteners in the piece you are planing, as they will quickly destroy the blade. 29
  • 30. Wood Chisels • Used to shape wood, and to form insets, cutouts and other necessary recesses in wood. 30
  • 31. Chisel & Punch Designs A. Flat Chisel B. Cape Chisel C. Round-nose cape chisel D. Diamond-point chisel E. Chisel or punch holder F. Center punch G. Pin punch H. Long tapered punch I. Starting punch
  • 32. Chisel Care • Like planes, the blades of a chisel are easily damaged. Chisels should be stored in a cloth or cover that will prevent the blade from chipping. • When in use the chisels should be laid down with the blade up, preferably on a soft cloth. 32 Right Wrong
  • 33. Saws • Saws are toothed cutting tools. • They can be designed for wood or metal cutting. • A metal-cutting saw can cut wood in a pinch, but never use a wood saw on metal. • The difference is in the teeth: how many, how big, and at what angle they are set. 33
  • 34. Hacksaws • Hacksaws have blades with lots of small teeth. They are meant for cutting metal. 34
  • 35. Wood Saws • There are many types of wood saw. They will have larger teeth than hacksaws, and there is typically a large ‘kerf’ to the teeth. 35
  • 36. Sandpaper • Different grits of sandpaper are used for different applications. The number is in reference to how many particles of grit there are per square inch. The less particles the bigger they are, and they rougher it is. • The grits range from about 40 all the way up to past 4000. For our purposes we mostly use in the 80-220 range. 36 This is 320 grit sandpaper. Look at all the particles in the magnified view.
  • 37. Scrapers • Scrapers are used to remove varnish or paint quickly. It is important that the blade is kept sharp. • You will be taught how to sharpen the blade using a file. 37
  • 38. Files/Rasps • Files are fine-toothed bars used to file metal or wood. They are used mainly for sharpening tools, but can also be used for shaping of material. • Rasps are similar to files but they have much bigger teeth. They are used for woodworking only. 38
  • 39. Files Files remove burrs, nicks, and sharp edges and perform other smoothing operations. They are useful when only a small amount of material must be removed. A file is classified by its length, shape, and cutting surface. Generally, a coarse file with large cutting edges should be used on soft materials, such as plastic, brass, and aluminum. A fine file with small cutting edges is needed to produce a smoother surface and to curt harder materials, like cast iron or steel.
  • 40. Power Tools • There are as many power tools as there are hand tools. Each one as specialized as the hand variety. • Use special care as they can be very dangerous if misused. 40
  • 43. Measuring Tools • Tapes/Rulers: For measuring linear distance. • Calipers: For measuring distances that would be hard to with a tape, either because of the shape or size. • Squares: For measuring and laying off angles. 43
  • 44. Metric vs. Imperial • You will encounter both metric and Imperial tool sizes in the shop. (Metric in millimeters, Imperial in inches and fractions such as 3/8”) • European and Asian tools and equipment use metric, Americans use Imperial, and the Canadians use both. • Ensure you are using Metric tools with metric fasteners, and Imperial tools with Imperial fasteners. Mixing will damage tools and your work. 44
  • 45. Screws: 45 There are many, many types of screws. The three most common drive types are: Robertson Slot Phillips There is also a huge variety when it comes to head type, shank size, thread type, etc. Know what your job is and find a fastener that will work, there is a type for every application
  • 46. Screwdrivers • There are screwdrivers for every type of screw. • Both screwheads and screwdrivers come in multiples sizes, depending on what the actual size of the screw is. Use the right size. • Do not use screwdrivers for other applications, like as a marlinespike, as this will bend them 46
  • 47. Screwdrivers Screwdrivers are used to remove or install screws. They come in many shapes and sizes. A Standard screwdriver has a single blade that fits into a slot in the screw head. A Phillips screwdriver has two crossing blades that fit into a star-shaped scre slot. A Reed and Prince screwdriver is similar to a Phillips, but has a slightly different tip shape. Torx and clutch head are special types of screwdrivers
  • 48. Screwdrivers Offset Screwdriver Stubby Screwdriver Offset and stubby screwdrivers are good I tight places. For example, a stubby screwdriver is needed for loosening screws inside a glove box. Starting screwdrivers hold the screws securely until started in its hold. They prevent the screw from being dropped or lost. Starting Screwdriver
  • 49. Nuts and Bolts • Nuts and bolts are excellent fasteners. They are strong, secure, and easy to remove when the time comes. • They are also relatively expensive, so they are not used in every application. • They are the only fastener that will join metal to metal, though a hole needs to be pre-drilled. 49
  • 50. Nails 50 Nails are simple and cheap. They are also hard to remove without damaging the material and they do not hold well over a long period. Because of this we try to avoid nails, especially onboard the ships.
  • 51. Drill Bits • Drill bits are as varied as the fasteners. • There are 3 main types: Metal, Wood and Concrete. • This is a ‘twist drill’ it is the classic drill-bit. It is meant for metal but can be used in wood. 51
  • 52. Drill Bits • These are all wood bits. Notice the spur/point in the front of each one. If used is metal or concrete this will break off and make it useless. • Each type has its pros and cons. Learn them as you are able. 52 Forstner Bit Spade Bit Brad Point Bit
  • 53. Drill Bits 53 •These are masonry bits. Do not use them for any other application as they will damage themselves and the work. •Notice the ‘Hammerhead’ which bores through the masonry.
  • 54. Clamps • Used to hold material while working on it, or while gluing. • Left to Right: Bar clamp, C-clamp 54