DRIP IRRIGATION

1. Drip irrigation
Presented By :
SWETHA SHA JAIN

2. Topics to be covered :
 Introduction
Need of drip irrigation
Components of drip irrigation
Advantages of drip irrigation
Applications
Conclusion
Reference

4. Introduction :
• Also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation
• To apply sufficient moisture to the root of the crops- prevent
water stress
• A major difference between drip system and most other
systems is that the balance between crop evapotranspiration
and applied water

5. What’s the need
of it??

6. Need of drip irrigation :
•To use water efficiently
•No water to runoff or evaporation.
•It reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems,
and fruits.
•Agricultural chemicals can be applied more
efficiently

7. Components of drip irrigation

8. The main components of a typical drip irrigation system are:
 Water Source
Pumping system
Distribution system
Drip tape (drip tube)
Injectors
Flitration system

9. Water source:
•Common water sources for drip irrigation
are surface water ,groundwater, and
potable water .
•Use the water source that will provide the
largest amount of water of greatest quality
and lowest cost.

10. Pumping system:
The role of the pumping system is to
move water from the water source to
the field through the distribution
system.
Pumping systems may be classified
as electric powered systems,
gas/diesel powered systems, and
gravity systems.

11. Distribution system:
The role of the distribution system is to
convey the water from the source to the field.
Distribution systems may be above ground
or underground .
Pipes are most commonly made of PVC or
polyethylene plastics.
Aluminum pipes are also available, but are
more difficult to customize, cut, and repair.

12. Drip tape:
•The drip-irrigation system delivers water to each plant
through a thin polyethylene tape (or tube) with regularly
spaced small holes .
• Selection of drip tape should be based on emitter
spacing and flow rate.
•In the field, drip-irrigation tape should be installed with
emitters upward (looking up) to prevent clogging .

13. Injectors:
Injectors allow the introduction of fertilizer, chemicals and
maintenance products into the irrigation system.
 The most common injectors used with small drip-irrigation
systems are the Venturi (or Mazzei) injector and the
Dosatron.
Because Venturi injectors involve no moving parts and are
less expensive, they are commonly used on small farms.
Venturi injectors
Dosatron injector

14. Filtration system:
The filtration system removes "large" solid particles in
suspension in the water.
Usage of type of filter is based on the type of particles in
the water.
Rapid clogging may occur when no filter is used .
 A drip-irrigation system should never be operated
without a filter even if the filter requires clogged drip-tape
emitters, often resulting in poor uniformity and sometimes
in crop loss
Media filters
Sand filter

15. Advantages of
drip irrigation

16. Advantages:
Reduced water use
Joint management of irrigation and fertilization
Reduced pest problems
Simplicity
Production advantages

17. Applications:
 Drip irrigation is used by farms,
commercial green houses and
residential green houses .
For cultivation in roof gardens.
In shopping malls and
embankments.
In steep slopes
Drip irrigation in crop production
Drip irrigation in roof gardens
Drip irrigation in embakments
Drip irrigation in step slopes

18. Case studies -1:
The first formal development of drip irrigation
supplies began around 1866 in Afghanistan, where they
tested drip irrigation and drainage systems by using
various types of clay pipe. A researcher , Mr. E.B. House,
began applying subsurface water directly to the root zone
in 1913. Perforated Pipe was first used for irrigation in
Germany around 1920. This helped pave the way for
innovations in the manufacturing of drip irrigation system
components.
Clay pipe

19. Case studies -2:
In Israel, Simcha Blass & Yeshayahu Blass has innovated
in the area of emitter design. They created a method that allowed water to flow
through longer and wider passageways inside of the emitter. These “labyrinths”
as they were called, resulted in less clogging. In 1959 Kibbutz Harzerim partnered
with Blass to form a company called Netafim, to further develop and test this
concept. Netafim was then able to patent the first drip irrigation emitter. This
development helped the technology of drip irrigation rapidly expand to Australia,
North America, & South America in the late 60's

20. Case studies - 3:
The study has been carried out in Maharashtra state, which is located in
western part of India. Maharashtra is one of the water scarce states in India. Despite severe water
scarcity, water intensive crops such as sugarcane, banana and other corps have been extensively
cultivated using surface (flood) method of irrigation in the state. Studies have confirmed that sugarcane
not only consumes bulk of the available water. Due to this, there is an urgent need to increase
the efficienct use of water in the state. State government has been promoting drip irrigation by
providing subsidy to the farmers since the mid--eighties. Due to concerted efforts taken by the
government agencies , the area under drip irrigation increased from 236 hectares in 1986-87 to 3.18
lakh hectares in 2004--05 The state also has a distinction in accounting for the highest area under
drip method of irrigation.

22. Conclusion:
 It makes water use optimised.
It decreases percolation and runoff of water
It doesn’t allow the growth or spread of disease causing
bacteria.
 If this system is properly installed and maintained then
it yields good results . .

23. Reference:
 Modi.P.N (2008), Irrigation Water Resources and Water Power Engineering,
Standard Book House, Rajsons Publications Pvt.Ltd,1705-A, Nai Sarak, New Delhi-110 0064
 http://www.toenre.com/downloads/2012_Micro-Irrigation_Economics_and_Outreach_in
_Karnataka_MGC_MacMillan_publishers.pdf
 http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684e/s8684e08.htm#TopOfPage
http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-use/hardware/
optimisation-water-use-agriculture/drip-irrigation
 http://civilenggseminar.blogspot.in/2011/09/1-introduction-1.html