Session4 03 Whitney Hoot
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Presentation made at the Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States conference, 23-24 November 2017, Seychelles. A partnership of the Seychelles Sustainable Tourism Foundation, IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group, University of Seychelles, Paris Tourism Sorbonne (IREST), and Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
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Session4 03 Whitney Hoot
- 1. Whitney Hoot NOAA Coral Fellow Bureau of Statistics and Plans Guam
- 2. Photo: guamreeflife.com > 1000 species Two species > 350 species > 5,100 total species on Guam’s reefs > 300 species
- 3. BIOLOGICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC Photo: guamreeflife.com $164 million USD/year van Beukering et al. 2007 (Adj. to 2017 dollars) 75% from tourism
- 4. 1,535,410 total visitors in 2016 > $1.5 billion USD/yr spent on Guam by visitors 1 in 3 jobs on Guam are in tourism industry > 10,000 tourist weddings > 2,000 marathon runners from overseas Source: Guam Visitors Bureau
- 5. Japan 57%Korea 28% Japanese Korean Dolphin tour 12% 14% Parasailing 16% 4% Jet ski 10% 4% Wind surfing 1% 2% Beach visit 22% 11% Scuba 9% 7% Snorkeling 19% 27% USA 5% Taiwan 3% China 2% Other 5% Tourist activities (2016) Source: Guam Visitors Bureau
- 7. Alexis Sturm
- 9. Benthic cover (2006) Source: NOAA Coral Reef Habitat Assessment for US Marine Protected Areas: Territory of Guam (2009)
- 11. Benthic and coral health surveys BENTHIC COVER LHC = Live hard coral SC = Soft coral RKC = Recent dead coral DC = Old dead coral RUB = Rubble PVMT = Pavement SA = Sand CCA = Crustose coralline algae MAA = Macroalgae CYA = Cyanobacteria AF = Damsel algal farm OT = Other
- 12. Acropora pulchra (42%) Porites cylindrica (20%) Pavona decussata (16%)
- 13. Benthic and coral health surveys PHYSICAL DAMAGE BRK = Broken branch tips ABR = Abrasion TPL = Toppling FRC = Fractured colony DISEASE WS = White syndromes BBD = Black band BRB = Brown band GA = Growth anomalies SEB = Skeletal eroding band OTHER PAL = Paling BLE = Bleaching PR = Pigmentation response CYA = Cyanobacterial overgrowth Photos: Alexis Sturm 19% of colonies affected by physical damage
- 14. Benthic and coral health surveys Photos: Laurie Raymundo PHYSICAL DAMAGE BRK = Broken branch tips ABR = Abrasion TPL = Toppling FRC = Fractured colony DISEASE WS = White syndromes BBD = Black band BRB = Brown band GA = Growth anomalies SEB = Skeletal eroding band OTHER PAL = Paling BLE = Bleaching PR = Pigmentation response CYA = Cyanobacterial overgrowth
- 15. Benthic and coral health surveys Photos: Laurie Raymundo PHYSICAL DAMAGE BRK = Broken branch tips ABR = Abrasion TPL = Toppling FRC = Fractured colony DISEASE WS = White syndromes BBD = Black band BRB = Brown band GA = Growth anomalies SEB = Skeletal eroding band OTHER PAL = Paling BLE = Bleaching PR = Pigmentation response CYA = Cyanobacterial overgrowth
- 16. 7% of colonies impacted by white syndromes
- 17. 1% of colonies impacted by black band disease
- 19. Human use surveys Ypao Beach Park Lotte Hotel Lotte Hotel Ypao Beach Park Monday – Sunday 7:00am to 10:00am 10:00am to 1:00pm 1:00pm to 4:00pm 4:00pm to 7:00pm
- 20. Human use surveys Ypao Beach Park Lotte Hotel Lotte Hotel Ypao Beach Park Monday – Sunday 7:00am to 10:00am 10:00am to 1:00pm 1:00pm to 4:00pm 4:00pm to 7:00pm
- 21. 6,948 human users recorded
- 22. = Waders = Swimmers & snorkelers = Watercraft = Fishers = Reef walkers
- 23. = Waders = Swimmers & snorkelers = Watercraft = Fishers = Reef walkers
- 25. Human user density versus coral damage prevalence Human user density (humans/m2 within 250 m radius) y = 35.478x + 0.1347 R2 = 0.98565 Coraldamage(%ofcolonies)
- 26. Contribution • Low cost, transferable method to measure human user density in coastal marine environments • Found strong correlation between human user density and rate of coral damage • Supports need for outreach and raising awareness
- 27. Outreach and education Over 200 community members trained to identify and report reef impacts
- 28. Messaging to reduce human use impacts
- 29. Implications • Feedback loop: Tourism impacts coral reefs and coral reefs impact tourism • Importance of regulating recreational human use activities in marine protected areas • Next steps: Analysis of coral disease prevalence vs. human user density
- 30. Acknowledgements • Collaborators: • Alexis Sturm • Dr. Laurie Raymundo • Adrienne Loerzel • David Burdick • Assistance with human use surveys: • Marybelle Quinata • Phil Cruz • Interns at the Center for Island Sustainability • Support from the Guam Bureau of Statistics and Plans (BSP) and the University of Guam Marine Laboratory (UOG) • Funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Pacific Islands Climate Science Center (PICSC)