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Tuesday, February 2, 2010




Agree Disagree 1. Ulysses        Agree Disagree
____    ____ S. Grant was         ____ ____
         an extremely effective president.

Agree Disagree 2. The Compromise Agree Disagree
                    of 1877 ended
                 Reconstruction   _____  ____
Tuesday, February 3, 2010



Agree Disagree 1. Vicksburg      Agree Disagree
____    ____ was considered         ____ ____
         the turning point of the Civil War.

Agree Disagree 2. Morrill Land         Agree   Disagree
                Grant act said that
                  each state was
                required to fund at
             least one public institution.
AHSGE Chapter 6
         Civil War and Reconstruction
    Decisive Battles of the Civil War
First  Battle of Bull Run
1st battle of the war

– Humiliating defeat for
 the North and almost led
to a Confederate invasion
 of Washington, D.C.
Shiloh

– Bloodiest battle of Civil War.
 20,000 total causalities.
 No clear winner.
Chunk #1 Turn to page 73 Vicksburg
         History Frame – Answer the
         following questions from the
         passage you have read.

Setting       Where and When? -
Characters    Who are the key players? –
Plot          What happened? –
Outcome       What were the results? –
  Antietam
– Bloodiest one day battle in the history of the United
   States. After this Union victory, Lincoln issued the
   Emancipation Proclamation (document which freed all
   slaves in the confederate States while maintaining
   slavery in the border states loyal to the Union.
  Vicksburg
– Union victory.
   Union now had complete
    control of the
   Mississippi River.
 Gettysburg
– Three day battle where the Union was
  victorious. Considered the turning point of
  the war because the Confederacy no longer
  had the ability to launch an offensive into
  Union territory.
    Gettysburg Address
-    speech given by Lincoln
    at dedication of Union
    cemetery to honor the soldiers who had died in
     the Civil War. He affirmed his belief in
     democracy and his desire to see the union
     reunited.
  Atlanta
– Union General Sherman burned Atlanta to the ground,
   destroying the ability of the confederacy to supply
   the war effort.
  Sherman’s March
– Sherman marched 60,000 soldiers from Chattanooga,
   TN through Atlanta to Savannah, GA, destroying
   everything in a 60 mile-wide path. This act broke the
   spirit of the Confederates.
   Surrender at Appomattox –
   Courthouse where General Robert E.
    Lee surrendered his Confederate
    troops to Union General Ulysses S.
    Grant ending the Civil War. The North
    won.
Social and Political Changes during the Civil War

  Habeas Corpus
– guaranteed that a person could not be imprisoned
   without appearing in court. President Lincoln
   declared martial law in Maryland and suspended the
   right of habeas corpus (the right to hold citizens
   without charging them with a crime) after
   Confederate sympathizers attacked Union troops in
   Baltimore.

 Drafted
– forced to serve in the
  military. First time in history during
  the Civil War.
 Homestead Act
– stated that anyone who would agree to
  cultivate (farm) 160 acres of land for five
  years would receive title (given) to that land
  from the government. This Act accelerated
  the settlement of the West.

 Morrill Land Grant Act
– Gave each state thousands of acres of land.
  Each state had to use this land to fund at
  least one public university.
   Emancipation Proclamation – see
    previous notes.

   13th Amendment added to the
    Constitution that abolished (ended)
    slavery.
Chunk #2       Cost of War
Gist – Turn to page 76. Read Cost of War, and
  write two costs the North and South had as a
  result of the Civil War.

 North



 South
Cost of the War
North:
   Inflation rose due to the printing of
    money because the cost of the war had
    grown to 1.3 billion dollars.

   Union was restored.

   Over 360,000 Union
    soldiers died.
South:

Lost war so
slave-based economy
abolished.
   Over 258,000
    Confederate soldiers
    died.
   South was devasted.
Life for Emancipated Blacks
   “Freedmen” – emancipated (freed) slaves.

Problems:
   Widespread illiteracy (unable to read or
    write).

   Freed slaves had
     no money and
     owned no land.
   Few people could hire freedmen and
    working for former masters was like
    slavery.

   Freedman’s Bureau – Established to aid
    blacks and whites by providing clothing,
    food and money to organize schools,
    provide medical care and provide agents
    to find work for freed slaves.
`
Different Plans for Reconstruction

   April 14, 1865 – President
    Lincoln assassinated at
    Fords’ Theatre by
    John Wilkes Booth.

   Vice-President Andrew Johnson – new
    president for remainder of Lincoln’s term.
    Was sympathetic to white Southerners
    and wanted a mild form of reconstruction
    that allowed whites to maintain their
    power and keep blacks out of office.
   Black Codes – Before Congress could convene,
    the state governments in the South passed a
    series of Black Codes. These codes made blacks
    second-class citizens and limited the rights of
    former slaves.

Examples:
 Blacks could not own weapons.



   Meet together after sundown.

   Marry whites.
Radical Reconstruction

   14th Amendment – all persons born or
    naturalized in the United States are
    citizens (African Americans are now
    citizens of the U.S.)
Reconstruction Act

   All former Confederate states would be
    broken up into five military districts.

   Southern States would not be readmitted
    until they ratified the 14th Amendment.

   Black male citizens must be granted the right
    to vote.

   Former Confederate officials could not hold
    public office.
A New Kind of Politics

Hiram R. Revels –
Black senator from
Mississippi who replaced
Jefferson Davis in the
Senate.

   15th amendment – guaranteed voting rights to
    all citizens regardless of race, color, or
    previous condition of servitude.
CHUNK #3        Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

Gist – Turn to page 82. Read Carpetbaggers and
  Scalawags, and write one statement on each in
  the space provided that gives the “gist” or
  summary of the selection.
Bitter Feeling in the South

   Carpetbaggers – people who came from the
    North to do business in the South.

   Scalawag – Southerners who supported
    Reconstruction.

   Ku Klux Klan –
    organization which used
    terrorism and violence to
    intimidate blacks and
    other minorities.
Presidential Election of 1876

   Ulysses S. Grant was a strong military
    leader but proved to be a very weak
    political leader. His presidency was
    marked by corruption.
Compromise of 1877

   In the Election of 1876, Samuel Tilden
    (D) and Rutherford B. Hayes (R) ran.

   Due to some disputed votes in three
    states, Congress appointed an Electoral
    Commission to decide the election.
    Seven Democrats, seven Republicans and
    one Independent.
   Independent left and was replaced by a
    Republican.

   Commission decided the votes belonged
    to Hayes (R) and he was elected
    president.

   The Democrats were outraged.
   In order to keep the peace, Democrats
    said they would let Hayes win the
    presidency if the Republicans would end
    Reconstruction.




   This compromise is known as the
    Compromise of 1877.
   Jim Crow Laws – In the south, states
    passed laws requiring blacks and whites
    to use separate facilities in restaurants,
    hospitals, schools etc. These laws
    imposed literacy tests and poll taxes
    which prevented blacks from voting
    despite the 15th amendment.
Review



4.   Who won the Election of 1865? Why
     did it cause a problem?

6.   Describe the Jim Crow Laws.

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AHSGE Social Studies ch. 6 Civil War and Reconstruction

  • 1. Tuesday, February 2, 2010 Agree Disagree 1. Ulysses Agree Disagree ____ ____ S. Grant was ____ ____ an extremely effective president. Agree Disagree 2. The Compromise Agree Disagree of 1877 ended Reconstruction _____ ____
  • 2. Tuesday, February 3, 2010 Agree Disagree 1. Vicksburg Agree Disagree ____ ____ was considered ____ ____ the turning point of the Civil War. Agree Disagree 2. Morrill Land Agree Disagree Grant act said that each state was required to fund at least one public institution.
  • 3. AHSGE Chapter 6 Civil War and Reconstruction Decisive Battles of the Civil War First Battle of Bull Run 1st battle of the war – Humiliating defeat for the North and almost led to a Confederate invasion of Washington, D.C. Shiloh – Bloodiest battle of Civil War. 20,000 total causalities. No clear winner.
  • 4. Chunk #1 Turn to page 73 Vicksburg History Frame – Answer the following questions from the passage you have read. Setting Where and When? - Characters Who are the key players? – Plot What happened? – Outcome What were the results? –
  • 5.  Antietam – Bloodiest one day battle in the history of the United States. After this Union victory, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (document which freed all slaves in the confederate States while maintaining slavery in the border states loyal to the Union.  Vicksburg – Union victory. Union now had complete control of the Mississippi River.
  • 6.  Gettysburg – Three day battle where the Union was victorious. Considered the turning point of the war because the Confederacy no longer had the ability to launch an offensive into Union territory.  Gettysburg Address - speech given by Lincoln at dedication of Union cemetery to honor the soldiers who had died in the Civil War. He affirmed his belief in democracy and his desire to see the union reunited.
  • 7.  Atlanta – Union General Sherman burned Atlanta to the ground, destroying the ability of the confederacy to supply the war effort.  Sherman’s March – Sherman marched 60,000 soldiers from Chattanooga, TN through Atlanta to Savannah, GA, destroying everything in a 60 mile-wide path. This act broke the spirit of the Confederates.
  • 8. Surrender at Appomattox –  Courthouse where General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Confederate troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War. The North won.
  • 9. Social and Political Changes during the Civil War  Habeas Corpus – guaranteed that a person could not be imprisoned without appearing in court. President Lincoln declared martial law in Maryland and suspended the right of habeas corpus (the right to hold citizens without charging them with a crime) after Confederate sympathizers attacked Union troops in Baltimore.  Drafted – forced to serve in the military. First time in history during the Civil War.
  • 10.  Homestead Act – stated that anyone who would agree to cultivate (farm) 160 acres of land for five years would receive title (given) to that land from the government. This Act accelerated the settlement of the West.  Morrill Land Grant Act – Gave each state thousands of acres of land. Each state had to use this land to fund at least one public university.
  • 11. Emancipation Proclamation – see previous notes.  13th Amendment added to the Constitution that abolished (ended) slavery.
  • 12. Chunk #2 Cost of War Gist – Turn to page 76. Read Cost of War, and write two costs the North and South had as a result of the Civil War. North South
  • 13. Cost of the War North:  Inflation rose due to the printing of money because the cost of the war had grown to 1.3 billion dollars.  Union was restored.  Over 360,000 Union soldiers died.
  • 14. South: Lost war so slave-based economy abolished.  Over 258,000 Confederate soldiers died.  South was devasted.
  • 15. Life for Emancipated Blacks  “Freedmen” – emancipated (freed) slaves. Problems:  Widespread illiteracy (unable to read or write).  Freed slaves had no money and owned no land.
  • 16. Few people could hire freedmen and working for former masters was like slavery.  Freedman’s Bureau – Established to aid blacks and whites by providing clothing, food and money to organize schools, provide medical care and provide agents to find work for freed slaves.
  • 17. ` Different Plans for Reconstruction  April 14, 1865 – President Lincoln assassinated at Fords’ Theatre by John Wilkes Booth.  Vice-President Andrew Johnson – new president for remainder of Lincoln’s term. Was sympathetic to white Southerners and wanted a mild form of reconstruction that allowed whites to maintain their power and keep blacks out of office.
  • 18. Black Codes – Before Congress could convene, the state governments in the South passed a series of Black Codes. These codes made blacks second-class citizens and limited the rights of former slaves. Examples:  Blacks could not own weapons.  Meet together after sundown.  Marry whites.
  • 19. Radical Reconstruction  14th Amendment – all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens (African Americans are now citizens of the U.S.)
  • 20. Reconstruction Act  All former Confederate states would be broken up into five military districts.  Southern States would not be readmitted until they ratified the 14th Amendment.  Black male citizens must be granted the right to vote.  Former Confederate officials could not hold public office.
  • 21. A New Kind of Politics Hiram R. Revels – Black senator from Mississippi who replaced Jefferson Davis in the Senate.  15th amendment – guaranteed voting rights to all citizens regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
  • 22. CHUNK #3 Carpetbaggers and Scalawags Gist – Turn to page 82. Read Carpetbaggers and Scalawags, and write one statement on each in the space provided that gives the “gist” or summary of the selection.
  • 23. Bitter Feeling in the South  Carpetbaggers – people who came from the North to do business in the South.  Scalawag – Southerners who supported Reconstruction.  Ku Klux Klan – organization which used terrorism and violence to intimidate blacks and other minorities.
  • 24. Presidential Election of 1876  Ulysses S. Grant was a strong military leader but proved to be a very weak political leader. His presidency was marked by corruption.
  • 25. Compromise of 1877  In the Election of 1876, Samuel Tilden (D) and Rutherford B. Hayes (R) ran.  Due to some disputed votes in three states, Congress appointed an Electoral Commission to decide the election. Seven Democrats, seven Republicans and one Independent.
  • 26. Independent left and was replaced by a Republican.  Commission decided the votes belonged to Hayes (R) and he was elected president.  The Democrats were outraged.
  • 27. In order to keep the peace, Democrats said they would let Hayes win the presidency if the Republicans would end Reconstruction.  This compromise is known as the Compromise of 1877.
  • 28. Jim Crow Laws – In the south, states passed laws requiring blacks and whites to use separate facilities in restaurants, hospitals, schools etc. These laws imposed literacy tests and poll taxes which prevented blacks from voting despite the 15th amendment.
  • 29. Review 4. Who won the Election of 1865? Why did it cause a problem? 6. Describe the Jim Crow Laws.