Introduction to Nursing
Research
Prepared by :-
Ms.Taghreed Hawsawi
Supervised by: -
Dr. Zainab Hussian

Learning
objectives
By the end of presentation the audience will be able to:-
 Retrieving research definition.
 Defining of nursing research.
 Quoting history of nursing research.
 Recognize the importance of nursing research.
 Identifying the goals of conducting nursing research.
 Selecting the sources of Nursing Knowledge.
 Articulate types of Research
 Implement nursing phases of Research.
 Determining factors affecting nursing Research
 Display characteristics of Scientific Research

Outline
 Introduction.
 Definition of Research.
 Definition of Nursing Research.
 History of Nursing Research.
 Importance of Nursing Research.
 Goals of conducting nursing research.
 Sources of Nursing Knowledge.
 Types of Research
 Phases of Research.
 Factors Affecting Research
 Characteristics of Scientific Research

Introduction:-
 Nursing research is research that provides evidence
used to support nursing practices. Nursing, as an
evidence-based area of practice, has been developing
since the time of Florence Nightingale to the present
day, where many nurses now work as researchers
based in universities as well as in the health
care setting.
 Nurse education places focus upon the use
of evidence from research in order to rationalize
nursing interventions.

Research
Definition
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails
collection of data; documentation of critical information;
and analysis and interpretation of that data/information,
in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific
professional fields and academic disciplines.

Nursing
Research
Definition
 According to the American Association of Colleges of
Nursing, rigorous nursing research provides a body of
knowledge that helps advance nursing practice. The
findings of such scientific inquiry may also help shape
health policy and contribute to global healthcare.

Historyof
Nursing
Research
Florence Nightingale’s:-
 widely known research contribution involved an
analysis of factors affecting soldier mortality and
morbidity during the Crimean War.
 Research in nursing began with Florence Nightingale,
a British nurse. Her landmark publication, Notes on
Nursing (1859), described her early interest in
environmental factors that promote physical and
emotional well-being.

Historyof
Nursing
Research
•Most studies in the early 1900s concerned nurses 'education. For example, in 1923, a group
called the Committee for the Study of Nursing Education studied the educational
preparation of nurse teachers and administrators and the clinical experience of nursing
students.
1900 Nursing
Research Era
•U.S government-initiated studies of nursing education continued,
spurred on by the high demand for nursing personnel during
World War II.
1940 Nursing
Research Era
•rapidly accelerating upswing in the United States. An increase in the number of nurses
with advanced degrees, the establishment of a nursing research center at the Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research. promotion of nursing research provided the impetus to nursing
research during this period.
1950’s Nursing
Research Era
•In the 1960s, nursing leaders began to express concern about the
dearth of research in nursing practice.
1960’s Nursing
Research Era
History of Nursing Research

Historyof
Nursing
Research
•The growing number of nursing studies and discussions of
theoretical and contextual issues created the need for
additional communication outlets
1970’s Nursing
Research Era
•The 1980s brought nursing research to a new level of development. An increase
in the number of qualified nurse researchers, the widespread availability of
computers for the collection and analysis of information, and an ever-growing
recognition that research is an integral part of professional nursing.
1980’s Nursing
Research Era
• Nursing science came into its maturity in the United States during
the 1990s. For example, nursing research was given more national
visibility when NCNR was promoted to full institute status within
the NIH.
1990’s Nursing
Research Era
•The future of nursing research in the 21st century looks bright
and promising—there will be numerous breakthroughs in
research that will help to shape how nursing is practiced.
2021 Nursing
Research Era
History of Nursing Research

improve nursing
standards to improve
nursing education
system
To help nurses investigate
more carefully related to
various nursing diagnosis
and other problems
To help nursing staffs to gain
in-depth information and
investigate regarding various
methods of treatment in
advanced form
Enquiry regarding newer
methods to deal with the
problem to provide quality
care to the patient
Importance of Nursing Research To provide cost
effective patient care
& save nursing
profession legally

Goalsof
conducting
nursingresearch.
Promote evidence-based
nursing practice
Ensure credibility of the
nursing profession
Provide accountability for
nursing practice
Document the cost
effectiveness of nursing
care

Sourcesof
Nursing
Knowledge.
1. Tradition or Customs
 -Holding Down of knowledge from one generation to
another.
2. Authority
 Authorities are people with specialized expertise in
every field, their expertise is based on personal
experience.
 They Provide knowledge for other people
3. Trial and Error
 It based on observations of own experience
 involves multiple attempts to solve a particular
problem until a satisfactory solution found

Sourcesof
Nursing
Knowledge.
4. Personal experience: (Clinical Experience )
solve problems based on observations and experiences.
5. Logical Reasoning.
Is the mental processing of ideas to solve problems
include
➢ Inductive reasoning: Is the process of developing
generalizations from specific observations.
➢ Deductive reasoning: Is the process of developing
specific predictions from General principles.
6. Scientific Research
 Objective and reliable source of nursing knowledge

Typeof
Research
• Descriptive
research
• Quasi-
experimental
research
• Correlational
research
Quantitative
research:
Numbers,
percentages and
variables are used
to communicate
results.
• Ethnography
• Grounded theory
• Symbolic
interactionism
• Historical research
• Phenomenology
Qualitative
research: Findings
take the form of
thoughts,
perceptions and
experiences.

Quantitative
research
 Descriptive research expresses the characteristics or
traits of a specific group, situation or individual. This
type of research looks for new conclusions and
connections that can be made based on observed traits.
 Quasi-experimental research looks at cause-and-effect
relationships between different variables.
 Correlational research considers the relationships
among variables, but does not draw a cause-and-effect
relationship.

Qualitative
research
 Ethnography observes or provides analysis about
cultural and social customs and practices and how
particular cultures understand disease and health.
 Grounded theory is all about building theories in
response to questions, problems and observations.
 Symbolic interactionism studies personal interaction,
communication patterns, interpretations and reactions.
These factors can influence how people change their
health practices over time.
 Historical research systematically reviews a topic,
culture or group and the subject’s history.
 Phenomenology uses personal experiences and insights
to inform the author’s conclusion.

1
2
3
4
5
Phase 1
Conceptu
al
Work
Phase 2
Design &
Planning
Phase 3
Research
Implemen
tation
Phase 4:
Analysi
s
Phase 5:
Dissemi
nation

Phases of Research
Phase 1
1- Identifying research problem/
questions
2- Reviewing relevant literature•
3- Developing theoretical framework &
conceptual definitions•
4- Generating logical hypotheses
Phase 2
1- Research design & methods
2- Identifying population &
accessible sample
3- Selecting measures
4- Establishing study protocol
Phase 3
1- Data collection
2- Intervention if applicable
Phase 4
1- Data screening & cleaning
2- Data analysis
3- Interpretation and writing up of
findings
Phase 5
• Communication of
findings

Factors Affecting Research
Research
Researcher beliefs and experience.
Researcher qualifications.
01
Sitting
Ethical consideration.
Supplies and equipment
02
Financial
Administrative support
Time, cost and resources
Feasibility of study.
03
System
health policy
organization of health services.
health services administration
&management
04
Ethical
health & safety
Participant Consent
05

Empirical
based on
observations
and experimentation

Systematic
- follows orderly and
sequential procedure

- all variables except those that are
tested/experimented upon are kept
constant
Controlled

Problem-solving
Finding answers or
solutions to the
professional problem .

Analytical
- There is critical analysis of
all data used so that there is
no error in their
interpretation

Originality
Research is based on
current professional issues
which are original.
Should achieve a general
objective rather than a
personal objective.

Logical
Research information collected
through subjective means or in a
difficult manner will never lead to
satisfactory results
all findings are logically based
on empirical.

Accuracy
gathered data should
adequately and
appropriately analyzed
using a standardized and
accepted method of data
analysis.

or statistical methods -
data are transformed
into numerical
measures and are
treated statistically
Employs quantitative

References
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2008;5:208–16.
 Kim C-W, Lee S-Y, Kang J-H, et al. Application of revised nursing work
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35.
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2011;20:2479–89.
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