Module 4 : Social Dynamics
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CONTENTS
Nature of Socialization
Types of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Contributions Socialization to Society and Nation
Social Inhibition and Social facilitation
Social issues in Community
Healthy management of Social Issues:
Social and Psychological Stigma
Strategies to overcome Social Stigma
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Socialization
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• Socialization is a process by which a person learns the values,
norms, and required behaviors which permit that individual to
participate as a member of the organization
(Van Maanen, 1975).
• Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning
throughout the life course and is a central influence on the
behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of
children

Agents of Socialization
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1. Family
2. Peers
3. Religion
4. Government
5. Media
6. Work
7. Ethnic background
8. Clubs/ Social
groups
9. School

Types of Socialization
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Primary Socialization
 Occurs in childhood
 Inside home
 Main agent -> Family
 First intimate association with family members that
form the basis for child’s personality development
 Limited exposure
 Identification of kinship
 Habit training (eating, sleeping, etc)
 Love, cooperation, authority
 Language (developing dialect)
 Gender roles
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Secondary socialization
 After childhood
 Throughout life
 Outside the home
 Main agents -> School, Peer groups, workplace,
media, state
 Learning an appropriate behavior of a group
 Knowing one’s potentialities
 Tolerance, discipline, skill development,
responsibility
 Diverse web of relations
 Broad experience
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Developmental
Socialization
• We deliberately
learn or improve
certain skills in order
to socialize better.
• For example-
Communication skills
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Anticipatory
Socialization
• Process of learning a
specific code of conduct
of a new group with
aspiration of joining that
group
• Exampe- Actors, Soldiers,
Lawyers, Engineers,
Journalists, etc.

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Re- Socialization
• Process of discarding
former behavior
patterns and accepting
new ones.
• Example- Rehabilitation
of criminals/ drug
addicts
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Adult
Socialization
• Process of getting indulged
in new roles for which
primary and secondary
socialization may not have
prepared one fully.
• Example- Husband/ Wife
role
• Father/ Mother role
• Grand father/ Grand
mother role

Importance of socialization
• Socialization converts man, the biological being into man, the
social being.
• Socialization contributes to the development of personality.
• Helps to become disciplined.
• Helps to enact different roles.
• Provides the knowledge of skills.
• Helps to develop right aspiration in life.
• Contributes to the stability of the social order.
• Helps to reduce social distance.
• Provides scope for building a bright future.
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Social Inhibition vs Social Facilitation
• Social inhibition is the tendency to perform
complex, difficult or not yet mastered tasks
more poorly in presence of others.
• Social facilitation is the ability to perform
simple and well learned tasks more efficiently
in presence of others
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Social Issues
A social issue is a problem that affects many people within a society.
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Social Stigma
• Social stigma is the disapproval of, or discrimination against,
an individual or group based on perceived characteristics that
serve to distinguish them from other members of a society.
• Social stigmas are commonly related to culture,
gender, race, socioeconomic class, age, sexual
orientation, body image, physical disability, intelligence or
lack thereof, and health.
• Example: 1. When someone with a mental illness is called
'dangerous', 'crazy' or 'incompetent' rather than unwell.
2. Sexual stigma and gender identity stigma as experienced
by LGBTQIA+ people.
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ACTIVITY 1
Essay Writing: (Any one topic)
• How Media is Instrumental in the Process of
Socialization
• How Friends Lead to Re-socialization At times
• How Social Networking Channels will affect
the socialization of the generations to come
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ACTIVITY 2
Write down the first memory
with your mother.
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