2. Production and
Management of fancy
birds

3. Parrot
 Introduction
 Psitaci former
 Origin: Australia and South America (Kept as royal companion)
 Roughly 393 Species
 Normal Life span 50-95 Years may vary depending upon breeds
 Breeds/Mutations
 African Grey Parrot
 Orange winged Amazon
 Golden Colour Macaw
 Raw Parrot (Indemic to Hilly Areas)

5.  Pigeon
 Derived from Latin word “Pipion” meaning domestic
 Origin: Colombialiva,Europe,Middleast, Africa, Rocky
Ravines of Asia
 Pigeon farming introduced by Mughals in South Asia
 Life span 15 Years may vary from Breed to breed
 Symbol of Peace
 Breeds/Mutations
 Lakka
 Zeera
 Lotan
 Kali
 Kheri
 Naswari

7.  Cockatiel
 Nymphicus Hollandicus
 Also know as quarrian and weiro
 Derived from dutch word “Kaktieljie”
 Indemic to Australia mainly desert
 Life span 16-25 Years (may vary depending upon the
health and breed)
 Birds of dust( powder under feathers)
 Breeds/Mutations
 Normal grey
 Lutino (Whitish Yellow head orange cheek spots)
 White face
 Cinamon ( Silver Brown)

8.  Mutations of Cockatiel

10.  Love Birds
 Roseicollis
 Common name of Agapornis
 Native to African Continents
 Species 8-9
 Life span 10-15 Years (may vary)
 Breeds/Mutations
 Fissure
 Pink Face
 Black Mask
 Grey Headed
 Albino Red Eyed

11.  Breeds of love birds

12. Parrot
Housing
 Cage size per Bird (2x2x3)ft.
 Cage must be double as the size of the bird
 Use appropriate material for the cage
 Proper ventilation and light is required
 Proper cleaning system should be present
 At commercial level 3 and 4 tyre system can be used
Feeding
 Omnivores
 Eat fresh fruits vegetables Birds love to eat seeds
 Pelleted food nuts like also eat insects
 Fresh fruits and vegetables provide all the essential
nutrients required for normal growth.

13. Pigeon
Housing
 Houses are called loft
 Cage size 9ft. x 12ft. Can accommodate 25-30 pairs
 Ventilation and proper light must be provided
 Proper Cleaning……
Feeding
 Compounded feed
 For baby pigeon milk is used
 Eat pelleted grains, peas, oyster shell, grit bone, di
calcium Phosphate salt
 Feed two times a day

14. Cockatiel
Housing
 Cage size for pair (6x3x3)ft.
 Proper ventilation and light should be provided
 At Commercial level tyre system can be used
Feeding
 Pellets, Fresh fruits. Moist Wheat Bread
 Supplements Spirulina and Prozyme
 Mineral blocks of calcium

15. Love Birds
Housing
 Cage size for pair (1x1x1) Meter
 Special Rough Perches are also used
 Like sunshine , so provide space for light.
 Nesting Box are used ( for all pet birds ).
Feeding
 Combined various seeds , grains and nuts. Also eat
green wheat and legumes . Basic dry mix food can be
used.

18. Parrots
Breeding and Mating
 Require spring season , warm environment.
 Cage size must be 1ft*1ft. Nest boxes are used .
 Need longer Day light. Also provide isolated
environment .
 Large breeds breeding age is 4-7 years . Small breeds 1
year.
 Show special behaviour at the time of mating.
 Pay special attention on pair at the time of breeding and
provide proper facilities for breeding.

19.  Nest box.

20. Cockatiel
 Sexually mature at 18
months
 10-12 hour bright
natural or artificial
light is required
 Can breed in any time
of year
 Nest boxes are used
 Provide isolated
environment
 Mating Behaviour
 Female sit low on the
perch with her tail in
air and emits peeping
sounds
Pigeon
 Breed Whole year and
usually long day breeder
 Per year 5-8 squabs
production
 Provide each pair isolated
cage
 Sexually mature at 6-7
months
 Mating Behaviour
 Bowing
 Tail dragging
 Driving
 Billing
 Clapping

21.  Mating Behaviour of Cockatiel
 Female try to feed male itself.
 Female likes rubbing
 Male
 Beak pounding(tapping beak on cage wires)
 The strut(mating dance)
 The Wing Thing(formation of heart by wings)
 Whistling(each cockatiel has its own composition).

22. Love Birds
 Sexually mature at age 1 year
 Can breed in any time of the year
 Provide sufficient light during breeding season
 Special nest boxes are used.
 For all Birds Special Bedding material should be
provided in the cages or nest boxes during breeding so
the birds can breed comfortably
 Material may be straws, Newspaper pages etc.
 Mating Behaviour
 Both male and female try to remain close to each other
while sitting, sleeping and perching.
 Kissing, preening and whistling.

23. Parrots
 Egg production
vary from breed to
breed
 Indian ring neck lay
20 eggs and have
two clutches a year.
 Macaws and
Amazons lay 1-4
eggs once a year.
 Can lay infertile
eggs in absence of
male
Pigeons
 Give 2 eggs per
clutch
 1 first day and
second third day .
Lay eggs after 8-12
days of mating.
 Per year 12-15 eggs
 Fertility 90%
 Hatchability 85%
 Egg weight 11
Grams.
 2-4 eggs of pigeon=I
chicken egg

24. Cockatiel
 Lay eggs 7-8 days after
mating.
 Give 8 eggs per clutch
 Female take 15 days to
lay a clutch with
breaks.
 Also lay infertile eggs
without male
 Fertility 90%
Love Birds
 Lay eggs after 3-5 days
of mating.
 Clutch consists of 4-6
eggs.
 Lay 1 egg each day till
the clutch is completed.
 Can lay infertile eggs.

25. Parrots
 Incubation period
may vary from
breed to breed
generally 24-28 days
 Temperature
required 98-100 oF
 Humidity 38-52%
 Brooding
temperature 85oF
Pigeons
 Incubation period 17-
18 days
 Temp. required 98-
100oF
 Both male and female
will brood the eggs
by turns
 Male till afternoon
and female till next
morning

26. Cockatiel
 Incubation period 21
days
 Temp. required 99-
100oF
 Male and female
pluck feathers from
body to form brood
patches
 Both male and female
will brood the eggs by
turns
 Normal body
temperature is
required for brooding
Love Birds
 Incubation period 22-25
days
 Temp. required 97-100oF
 Incubation period may
vary from breed to
breed
 Both male and female
will brood the eggs

28.  250 watts light bulb
 36 degree Celsius controlled temprature
 35%-56% humidity
 Don’t store eggs in plastic material it
causes dehydration.
Pre incubation Storage of eggs is done at
13 degree Celsius and RH 60%

30. Parrots
 No special differences
 Different breed may
show colour differences
in neck, tail, feathers, tail
length.
 By Feeling Pelvic bone if
a dip appears bird is
female otherwise male
 Vent sexing(Surgical)
also used
 In some breeds male is
larger in size than female
Pigeons
 Difficult to tell until a
chick is older several
months
 Female is more refined in
head and neck
 Male is aggressive with
louder croting
 Surgical vent sexing also
used

31. Cockatiel
 For all mutations
females have dark tail ,
wings and retain wing
dots
 Male lose wing dots
and tail barring
 Female cheek patches
are generally lighter
 Female is shorter in
size
Love Birds
 At age of 1 year diff.
signs appear in body of
male and female
 Some experts can tell
feeling pelvic bone and
sharp points beneath
cloaca. if points are
nearer the bird is male
otherwise female
Commonly , Sexing is done on the basis of colour (depends
on Mutation) ,
Size of the bird and feeling the vent area. Usually the pelvic area
in female is wider.

32. Disease Cause Target Cure
Parrot fever
(Psittacosis)
Chlamydia Psittaci Internal Organs
liver, brain, heart,
Lungs
Tetracycline
4-10 days
(as prescribed by
Veterinarian)
Aspergillosis Aspergillus Fungus Respiratory tract
Symptoms
include poor
apettite, difficult
breathing, loss of
weight
Anti Fungal
Drugs
a) Voriconazol
b) amphotericin
Giardiasis Unicellular protozoa,
Giardia.
Small intestine(
Diarrhea weight
loss poor
feathering
Flagyl
Parrot

33. Cockatiel
Disease Cause Target Cure
Egg binding Calcium deficiency Egg stuck in cloaca Calcium
supplements are
used
Polyoma Polyoma virus Occur through
Respiratory tract but
spread to other
organs . loss of
immunity , Swollen
abdomen. Vomiting
Vaccination in
early age .
Giardiasis Unicellular
protozoa, Giardia.
Small intestine(
Diarrhea weight loss
poor feathering
Flagyl

34. Love Birds
Diseases Cause Target Cure
Beak and
Feather
disease
Circovirus Fastly growing beak
and feather cells.
Symptoms include
feather shedding ,
sores and leison on
body
No effective
treatment just
maintain the bird’s
quality of life and
avoid contaminated
food
Polyoma Polyoma virus Occur through
Respiratory tract but
spread to other
organs . loss of
immunity , Swollen
abdomen. Vomiting
Vaccination in early
age .
Giardiasis Unicellular
protozoa,
Giardia.
Small intestine(
Diarrhea weight loss
poor feathering
Flagyl

35. Pigeons
Disease Cause Target Cure
Candidiasis Yeast
Candida Albicans
Oral and Vaginal
thrush
Anti fungal Drug
Di-flucane
Canker Protozoan
Trichomonas
Oral-nasal cavity
and respiratory tract
Turbosole

36.  Fancy birds are imported and exported
 The price of birds depend upon breed and purpose of
breed
e.g
 Pigeons used for racing have high market value than
others.
 Parrots that mimics human beings have higher prices.
Moreover larger breeds like Macaw are very valuable
and expensive.

37.  Love birds and Cockatiel market value depend
upon colour variation because these are usually
used for beautification in houses
 In Pakistan most of breeds of these birds are
adaptive to climate. Export import centers are
in Karachi