The slides give brief information about brain tumor ,its types and symptoms. The presentation will help you to know more about a condition leading to neurological disturbances.

1. Brain Tumor
Prepared BY:
Tanushree Bhargava
Clinical psychologist Shimla India
tanushree4help@gmail.com

2. Brain Tumor
• Collection of mass or abnormal cell in the brain.
• Skull which encloses the brain, is very rigid and any growth inside the
restricted place can cause problems—So when these tumors grow
inside the brain it increases the intra cranial pressure which can cause
BRAIN DAMAGE.

3. Brain Tumor
• When Normal cells grow old or get damaged they die, and new cells
take there place.
Sometimes this process goes wrong :
 New cells form when body doesn’t need them.
 Old or damaged cells doesn’t die when they should.
This build up of EXTRA cells forms a mass of tissue called a
TUMOR.(Neoplasm).

4. Incidence and Prevalance
• 2010: 62,930 new cases recorded in US(Adult)
• 4,030 new cases recorded in US(Children)
• White Americans higher rate than Black American.
• Largest percentage od Childhood Tumor:
Frontal,parital,occipital:17%
Cerebellum:17%
Brain Stem:11%

5. • WHO published a classification system for CNS tumor in 1979.
• It classified tumors according to their microscopic characterstics and
has been accepted as universal method of classification of brain tumor.

6. Types of tumor
Tumor
PRIMARY
(Originates in CNS)
BENIGN
(Do not contain cancer cells)
These can be removed & rarely grows back.
They have obvious border or edge.
They don’t spread to other parts of the body.
Don’t invade tissue around them.
Though can press on sensitive area. Of brain &
cause serious health problems.
IT CAN BE LIFETHREATNING WITH TIME
BENIGN TUMOR CAN BECOME MALIGNANT.
.
MALIGNANT
(Also called Brain Cancer)
Cnotains cancer cells.
Threat to life
Rapid Growth.
Invade/crowd nearby healthy brain
tissue.
Cancer cells may spread to other parts
of brain or to spinal cord
SECONDARY
(Originates from malignancies outside of CNS
and spread through brain typically through
atrial circulation .
Metastatic Brain Tumor

7. Types of Primary Brain Tumor
based on type of cell /part f brain in which they are benign

8. SECONDARY BRAIN TUMOR
• Example:
• Originated from lungs reached skin, kidney etc.

9. TUMOR GRADE
Depending upon the way cells look under the microscope)
1. Grade 1:
• Tissue is benign.
• Cells look nearly like normal cells and grows slowly.
2. Grade 2:
• Tissue is malignant.
• They look different than normal cells.
3. Grade 3:
• Cells look very different from normal cells.
• Abnormal cells are actively growing(anaplastic)

10. TUMOR GRADE
Depending upon the way cells look under the microscope)
4. Grade 4:
• Cells look abnormal.
• Tends to grow quickly.

11. RISK FACTORS OF BRAIN TUMOR
1.Ionizing Radiations:
• High dose xray or source of cell damage.
2.Family History:Though rare but studies show this to be a possible risk
factor.

12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Depends upon size, type and location.
• Common symptoms:
• Headache(usually worse in morning)
• Nausea & vomiting
• Changes in speech ,vision or hearing.
• Problems balancing or walking.
• Changes in mood,personality,ability to concentrate, memory.
• Muscle jerking /twitching.
• Numbness/tingling in arms /legs.

13. Specific signs and symptoms
Frontal lobe: Motor functions , Initiation of actions, Speech
Attention,Motivation,Memory,Intelligence.
Parietal Lobe :Spatial relations,somesthetic sensation, complex sensory
information.
Occipital Lobe : Visual Information.
Temporal Lobe: Auditory and limbic processing.

14. ASSESSMENT
• Information gathered by physician during comprehensive examination.
• Medical History.
• Neurological Examination: Testing reflexes,assess
visual,cognitive,sensory and motor functions.
• Tumor imaging:
Static imaging: CT(determination of tumor size)
and MRI (distinguish edema& tumor,grade of malignancy)
(both non invasive).

15. ASSESSMENT
Dynamic imaging:PET(Positon emission tomography),SPECT(single
photon emission CT) (non invasive and uses radioactive markers to
determine grade of tumor).
• Biopsy:Used to identify deep seated tumor.
• Neuropsychological assessmemt(comprehensive)

16. TREATMENT
GOAL:
Tumor management
Quality of life
Improving Functions.
Treatments:
1.Traditional surgery.
2.Chemotherapy.
3.Radiation therapy(to treat malignant)
4.Stereotactic radiosurgery(high energy radiations).
5.Neuropsychological rehabilitation.
6.Rehabilitation-speech ,occupational.