Overcoming Challenges and Leveraging Opportunities in 3D Printing Policy
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The industrial ‘revolution’ brought about by 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing technologies calls for an extensive rethinking of Economic Policies and Regulation. This talk will focus on three critical aspects: Industry Policy and support to innovation, Competition policy,
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Overcoming Challenges and Leveraging Opportunities in 3D Printing Policy
- 1. OVERCOMING CHALLENGES, LEVERAGING OPPORTUNITIES: ECONOMIC POLICY & REGULATION FOR 3D PRINTING Prof.Thierry Rayna Novancia Business School Paris 3D Printing Event Eindhoven 2014
- 2. PROF.THIERRY RAYNA • Professor of Economics, Novancia Business School Paris • Affiliate Professor, Imperial College London • Associate Editor, Int. J. of ManufacturingTechnology & Management • trayna@novancia.fr • @ThierryRayna
- 3. 3D PRINTING & ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING RESEARCH GROUP
- 4. RESEARCH FOCUS • Business Models • Innovation Ecosystems • Strategies • Market Research & Forecasting • Intellectual Property Right Management • Economic Impact & Foresight • Public policies
- 5. THE OPPORTUNITIES OF 3D PRINTING
- 6. LONG-TERM ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF 3D PRINTING • Innovation unleashed • Massive cost savings • Tooling • Transport • Storage • Waste • Return of manufacturing • Regional and global development • Competitiveness • Sustainable growth
- 7. THE CHALLENGES OF 3D PRINTING
- 8. CHALLENGES OF 3D PRINTING • Adoption • Innovation • Standards • Safety
- 9. 3D PRINTING ADOPTION: A SPECIAL CONTEXT
- 10. Technology Costs1980 … 2000 2010… …2020 $20K $1K $500 Polym ers $200K Plastics Metal alloys Sugar Chocolate Cells Ceramics … $100… …
- 11. AN ‘ADDITIVE’ADOPTION 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Adoption 2050 Rapid prototyping Rapid Tooling Direct manufacturing Home fabrication
- 12. MANY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES • Stereolithography (SLA) • Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) • Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) • Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) • Laser DepositionTechnology (LDT) • Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) • …
- 13. TREEVS. FOREST TechnologySLA FDM LOM SLS LDT EBF3
- 16. TYPES OF ADOPTER development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Innovators early adopters early Majority Late Majority Laggards (Rogers) Technology Enthusiasts Visionaries Pragmatists Conservatives Skeptics (Moore) Resources, desire and willingness to take risks to try new things Opinion leaders: selective about technologies they adopt Willing to embrace: look to understand how it fits with their lives Adopt with skepticism: most of the uncertainty must be resolved Last to adopt, have an aversion to change
- 17. TYPES OF ADOPTER development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Innovators early adopters early Majority Late Majority Laggards (Rogers) Technology Enthusiasts Visionaries Pragmatists Conservatives Skeptics (Moore) Chasm
- 21. CANTHIS HAPPENTO 3D PRINTING? • Possibly, because: • It’s not just digital • Ubiquitous fails • Requires entirely different core competencies • Network effect (virtuous/vicious circle) • Segregated industry
- 22. THINKING AHEAD: ECONOMIC POLICIES & REGULATION
- 23. LEVERSTO BRIDGETHE GAP • Economic Policy • Industry Policy • Competition Policy • Standards
- 24. INDUSTRY POLICY
- 25. INDUSTRY POLICY • Aims to fill gaps left open by the market • For 3D Printing: • ‘Create the need’ • Help building networks to trigger virtuous circle • Promote research in critical areas (materials, interface) • Promote standards and safety
- 26. INDUSTRY POLICY INTHE U.S. • National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) • National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute-America Makes • Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (DMDI) Institute • American Lightweight Materials Manufacturing Innovation Institute (ALMMII) • Next Generation Power Electronics National Manufacturing Innovation Institute
- 27. IP INTHE U.S. (1) • National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute – America Makes • 40 companies (e.g. 3D Systems, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, GE, Stratasys) and 25 education/NGO. $70M / 5 years • Ensure quality parts are produced and certified for use in products made by a variety of industries and their supply chains. • Emphasis on providing tools needed for additive manufacturing applications to progress from prototype to market-ready. • Improve and develop metal applications • Determine international standards for safety and quality purposes (ASTM F42)
- 28. IP INTHE U.S. (2) • Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation (DMDI) Institute • $70M / 5 year to University of Illinois Labs, over $250 million committed by 41 companies (including GE, John Deere, Procter & Gamble and Lockheed Martin), 23 universities and 9 other organisations. • Enable low volume, varying demand, complex systems, with a combination of advanced materials, high performance computing resources, modelling and simulation tools, and additive manufacturing practices.
- 29. IP INTHE U.S. (3) • American Lightweight Materials Manufacturing Innovation Institute (ALMMII) • $70M federal funding + $78M from consortium partners /5y • 30 companies (e.g.ALCOA, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, NanoSteel, Optomec, PowderMet, RTI International Metals, Honda, GE) • Numerous lightweight metals are not being effectively utilised because of scale-up challenges and a lack of design guides and certifications. • Will accelerate the introduction and expand the use of more affordable products made with high strength-to-weight alloys that improve performance and reduce energy consumption.
- 30. IP INTHE U.S. (4) • Next Generation Power Electronics National Manufacturing Innovation Institute • $ 70M federal funding + $140 million from partners /5y
- 31. IP INTHE U.S. (5) • Examples of funded projects: • Post-manufacturing inspection, process controls • Thermal imaging inspection; comparing machines • Optimising properties of metal powders • Research on very large systems (19 feet large) • Defect-free deposition in metallic AM • Hybrid manufacturing system
- 32. INDUSTRY POLICY INTHE UK
- 33. INDUSTRY POLICY IN RUSSIA
- 34. INDUSTRY POLICY IN FRANCE
- 36. COMPETITION POLICY • Aims to prevent anti-competitive behaviour and abuse of monopoly power • But should still provide incentives to innovate! • In the case of 3D Printing: lowering costs to foster adoption • Open standards • Access to IP
- 37. WHICH ISTHE WAY FORWARD?
- 38. THE STORY SO FAR… • Expiration of ‘FDM’ patents has led to the first ‘boom’ in 3D Printing • Other patents to expire soon • But patenting activity has significantly increased over the past few years • Patenting around • May block development and integration
- 39. ISTHERE A NEED FOR CP? • Probably not at the moment • CP often comes after IP • But need to keep an open eye for blocking patents • FRAND • Need to promote standards • Already many mergers and acquisitions
- 40. CONCLUSION • Radical and transformative technologies seldom get adopted by themselves • Industry policy is a critical tool needed for 3D Printing • H&S, standards, research in materials and interface, equipment ➜ help to cross the chasm • Competition policy required to help set standards and avoid blocking positions.