2. Background… The year is 1215 and King John of England has angered his own nobles with oppressive taxes and abusing his own power…

3. So then… A group of these angry nobles force King John to sign a document that would forever change English law… The Magna Carta!

5. Why so important? Gave basic rights to all English citizens. Made clear that the monarch (king/queen) must obey the law.

7. Now entitled to a “legal judgement of [your] peers”Today, we call this DUE PROCESS OF LAW and the right of HABEAS CORPUS

11. The Seljuk Turks were Muslim…

12. The Seljuk Turks now controlled the Holy Land in the Middle East…

15. Pope Urban II agrees to send Christian knights to fight off the Muslim Seljuk Turks…

18. Only the 1st Crusade came close to achieving its goals.

19. Christian knights captured Jerusalem…then massacred Muslim and Jewish residents of the city.

22. Crusades Video Clip http://www.history.com/videos/the-crusades-crescent-and-the-cross#the-crusades-crescent-and-the-cross

24. What was the Black Plague? The Black Death was an outbreak of the bubonic plague. It was caused by a bacteria carried by fleas residing on black rats on merchant ships. The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population.

25. Normal Life Breaks Down… Some people turned to magic and witchcraft for cures Many people believed the plague to be God’s punishment These people beat themselves with whips to show they repented their sins Other people left cities and hid in their homes Some Christians blamed Jews for the plague Thousands of Jews were slaughtered, as a result of the hysteria

26. The Economy Suffers…

28. Black Plague Video Clips http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=7155 http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=7157 http://www.watchknow.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=7162

30. The Spanish Inquisition was set up by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain in 1478. Its purpose was to examine the sincerity or genuineness of people who converted to Christianity. What was the Spanish Inquisition?

31. Heresy = rejecting or not practicing the beliefs of the Christian Church. People were urged to turn themselves in or tell of others who might be guilty of heresy. For example, you could be turned in for: Questioning Christian beliefs/practices Eating meat on a day of abstinence Urinating against a church wall Accusation

32. First, you would be arrested. Then, you would be imprisoned. And finally, you would be put on trial to determine if you were guilty of heresy! Then what…

33. And if found guilty… You would be burned alive…

34. Hundred Years’ War

35. What was the Hundred Years’ War? A series of conflicts between England and France between 1337 and 1453 (actually 116 yrs.) The two countries were battling for land and control of the English Channel

37. Crossbow & Longbow

39. Background… The year is 1429 and the French have consistently suffered defeat by the English for the past 92 years… The King of France, Charles VII, is desperate for help and alternatives to help his people beat the English…

40. Joan OF arc Joan was 17 years old when she approached the King of France. Joan told the King that Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret told her to drive out the English. Desperate, the King of France authorized Joan to lead an army against the English!

41. Inspiration Joan motivated and inspired the French troops. In one year, Joan led the French to several victories! Joan’s victories “turned the tide” of the Hundred Years’ War in favor of the French!

42. Capture Joan was captured in 1430 during battle She was put on trial for witchcraft and found guilty of heresy… She was sentenced to execution.

44. Legacy The French went on to win the Hundred Years’ War and Joan was credited with rallying the French. Joan of Arc was made a saint of the Roman Catholic Church in 1920.

45. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z6F10t5GA0&feature=player_embedded#