1.
Materi Pelatihan
PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE

2.
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Daftar Isi
A. Pendahuluan
B. Definisi & Sifat Baja
C. Klasifikasi Baja
D. Identifikasi Produk Baja
E. Proses Pembuatan Baja di PTKS
F. Spesifikasi & Aplikasi Produk Baja

3.
3
A. Pendahuluan
 Pengertian Produk
 Baja Sebagai Kebutuhan Dasar Industri
 Pohon Industri Baja
 Produk Baja Krakatau Steel & Grup
 Konsumsi Baja Nasional

4.
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Pengertian Produk
 Kata produk berasal dari bahasa Inggris product yang
berarti "sesuatu yang diproduksi oleh tenaga kerja atau
sejenisnya".
 Bentuk kerja dari kata product, yaitu produce, merupakan
serapan dari bahasa latin prōdūce(re), yang berarti (untuk)
memimpin atau membawa sesuatu untuk maju.
 Produk adalah barang atau jasa yang dapat
diperjualbelikan.  Dalam dunia bisnis
 Produk adalah apapun yang bisa ditawarkan ke sebuah
pasar dan bisa memuaskan sebuah keinginan atau
kebutuhan.  Dalam dunia marketing
 Produk dibeli dalam bentuk barang mentah dan dijual
sebagai barang jadi.  Dalam dunia marketing
Sumber : wikipedia

5.
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Baja sebagai Mother of industry untuk
banyak sektor industri lain diharapkan
mampu menjadi:
• Katalis untuk meningkatkan
pertumbuhan ekonomi, kemandirian,
dan produktifitas industri dengan
melakukan optimalisasi sumber daya
alam secara berkesinambungan.
• Penggerak pembangunan infrastruktur
nasional
BAHAN BAKU
Iron ore / pellet
Scrap
ENERGI
Gas alam
Listrik
INFRA-
STRUKTUR
Pelabuhan
Jalan
TEKNOLOGI &
SDM
INDUSTRI BAJA
Konstruksi
Transportasi
Lain-lain
INFRASTRU
KTUR
Pertahanan
Manufaktur
Otomotif
Perkapalan
Minyak & Gas
Packaging
Pipe & Tube
Home & Office
Appliances
Lain-lain
INDUSTRI
Baja Sebagai Kebutuhan Dasar Industri

6.
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Bar
Billet
Bloom
Slab
Round
Billet
Hot Rolled
Coil
Plate, Heavy- Plate
Welded Pipe, Welded-
Profile
Seamless Pipe
Cold Rolled
Coil
Heavy Profile, Rail
Wire Rod
Profile & Deformed Bar
Stainless
Steel Slab
Stainless
Steel HRC
Stainless
Steel Billet
Stainless
Steel Bar
PC-Wire, Wire Rope,
Electrode Wire
Rod, Bold, Nut
Wire
Shaft Bar
Plate, Welded-Pipe,
Welded-Profile
Coating :
GI-Sheet, Galvanized -
Aluminized -Coated-
Sheet, Tin plate
Stainless Steel Sheet
Stainless Steel Rod,
Shaft Bar
Plate
Stainless
Steel CRC
Jalur kereta & Jembatan Oil & Gas Pipe Line
Gedung Konstruksi
Shipbuilding Otomotif
Panser
Kendaraan Pertanian
Peralatan Rumah & Kemasan
makanan
Indust ri Sudah Ada Industri Belum Ada
CRUDE STEEL COLD ROLLED FINISHED PRODUCT
HOT ROLLED
Konstruksi
Engineering
Pertahanan
Kapal Perang Kendaraan
angkut
JembatanBailey
Roket&
Senapan
APLIKASI
TabungGas
LPG
AlatBerat
Struktur Boile r
Menara/ TiangListrik
Bendungan Pelabuhan Bandara
Atap Rumah
Mold n Dies
Pohon Industri Baja

7.
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Produk Baja Krakatau Steel & Grup
Produk
KSG
Produk
Utama
Hot Rolled
Coil, Sheet, Plate, Recoiled,
Slitted, Pickled Oil
Cold Rolled Coil, Sheet, Slitted
Wire Rod
Produk AP &
JV
KHI
Welded Pipe
(Spiral & ERW)
KWT Bar & Section
KOS Bar & Section
KNSS
Cold Rolled Coil, Galvanized &
Galvannealed CR
KP Slab, Plate
Produk Hilir
Baja Ringan, Tower, Welded
Beam, Tiang Listrik

8.
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Konsumsi Baja Nasional

9.
9
B. Definisi & Sifat Baja
Definisi Baja & Besi
Bahan Baku Pembuatan Baja
Sifat & Karakteristik Baja

10.
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Sifat-Sifat Baja:
 Mudah teroksidasi (karat)
 Konduktor panas dan listrik yang baik
 Cenderung lunak dan ulet, namun menjadi lebih kuat dan keras jika berpadu dengan
unsur karbon, mangan, silikon atau paduan (alloying element) lainnya
 Dapat memiliki berbagai macam sifat-sifat yang unggul : tangguh (toughness), ulet
(ductile), keras (hardness), mampu las (weldability), mampu pengerasan (hardenable,
heat treatable), tahan aus (wear-resistance), tahan peluru (bullet-proof)
 Umumnya memiliki fasa ferrit, austenite, cementite, pearlite
BAJA :
Paduan ferrous (logam berbahan dasar besi) dengan kadar unsur C
(karbon) 0,008 ~ 2%, dengan sedikit tambahan unsur-unsur paduan
lain seperti Mn (Mangan), Si (Silikon), Al (Aluminium), V (Vanadium) , Cr
(kromium) ,Ti (Titanium), dan lainnya.
Baja Ringan
Plain Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Tool Steel
Definisi Baja
JENIS PRODUK BAJA :
Baja Karbon (plain carbon), Baja Paduan Rendah (HSLA), Baja Paduan (alloy steel),
Baja Tahan Karat (stainless steel), Baja Perkakas (tool steel), dan sebagainya.

11.
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Definisi Besi
Besi adalah unsur kimia dengan
 Simbol Fe (dari bahasa Latin: Ferrum)
 Nomor atom 26
 Terbesar keempat penyusun kerak bumi
Jenis Produk Besi :
 Besi Cor atau Besi Tuang (cast iron)
 Besi Kasar (Pig Iron, Sponge Iron)
Sponge Iron Pig Iron
Besi Cor
Bijih Besi
Sifat-Sifat Logam Besi :
 Mudah teroksidasi (karat)
 Konduktor panas & listrik yang baik
 Bahan baku melimpah di alam
 Lunak dan ulet
Dapat berpadu harmonis dengan unsur lain (alloying element) menghasilkan
sifat-sifat unggul, yaitu menjadi logam baja
Dalam bentuk besi cor (cast iron) mengandung fasa grafit yang getas,
sehingga besi cor cenderung kurang ulet dibandingkan baja

12.
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1539
910
1130
723
0.83 2.08 4.3 %C
Lunak
Lunak,
Ulet
Baja
Kuat,
Keras,
Getas
Besi Cor
100%Fe
Titik Lebur
Makin Rendah
Makin Tinggi
Baja Cor Baja Tempa Baja Canai
Temperatur,
O
C
Besi Cor Nodular Besi Cor Tempa
Diagram Besi - Besi Karbida

13.
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Bahan Baku Pembuatan Baja
 Pig Iron (besi pig): produk
yang dihasilkan oleh proses
peleburan bijih besi dalam
tanur tinggi (blast furnace).
 Komposisi kimianya:
Fe ~ 85-90%
C ~ 3.5 - 4%
S ~ 2 - 4%
Ash 2%
• Sponge Iron (besi
spons): produk yang
dihasilkan oleh proses
reduksi pellet bijih besi
dalam reaktor DR (direct
reduction).
• Komposisi kimianya:
Fe ~ 85-95%
C ~ 1-2%
residual 2-4% (oksida)
• Steel scrap (baja bekas): berbagai
barang bekas dan produk sisa yang
terbuat dari baja.
• Kategori:
HMS-1, HMS-2, Shredded scrap,
Wire scrap, dsb.
• Fe-Mn (Ferro Mangan): sejenis
produk ferro-alloy yang
dihasilkan dari peleburan
(smelting) MnO2 dan Fe2O3.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 10-15%
– Mn ~ 85-90%
– residuals
• Fe-Si (Ferro Silikon) : produk
sejenis ferro-alloy yang
dihasilkan dari reduksi (smelting)
SiO2, C & scrap.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 10-55%
– Si ~ 45-90%
– residuals
• Fe-Cr (Ferro Krom) : produk
sejenis ferro-alloy yang
dihasilkan dari reduksi (smelting)
Cr2O5, C dan scrap.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 30-50%
– Cr ~ 50-70%
– residuals

14.
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Bahan Baku Pembuatan Baja
• Fe-V (Ferro Vanadium) :
produk sejenis ferro-alloy yang
dihasilkan dari reduksi
(smelting) V2O5, C dan scrap.
• Komposisi kimianya:
–Fe ~ 20-40%
–V ~ 60-80%
–residuals
• Fe-Nb (Ferro Niobium):
produk sejenis ferro-alloy
yang dihasilkan dari proses
aluminothermic Nb2O5,
Fe2O3 dan Al.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 30-40%
– Nb ~ 60-70%
– residuals
• Fe-Ti (Ferro Titanium) :
adalah produk sejenis ferro-
alloy yang dihasilkan dari
proses aluminothermic TiO2
(ilmenite), scrap Fe, dan Al.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 25-80%
– Ti ~ 20-75%
– residuals
• Fe-Ni (Ferro Nikel): produk ferro-
alloy yang dihasilkan dari proses
melting logam nikel dan scrap.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 10-20%
– Ni ~ 80-90%
– residuals

15.
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Sifat & Karakteristik Baja
1. Kekuatan / Strength
2. Ketangguhan / Toughness
3. Kekerasan / Hardness
4. Mampu Las / Weldability
5. Mampu Perlakuan Panas (Heat Treatment)
6. Ketahanan Korosi / Corrosion Resistance

16.
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• Kekuatan (Strength)
Kemampuan material untuk menahan
beban atau tegangan
• Diperlukan jika baja digunakan untuk
aplikasi struktur
• Kategori sifat kekuatan: yield strength (YS),
tensile strength (TS), elongasi, rasio YS/TS
• Metode: uji tarik / tensile test
Kekuatan

17.
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Tensile Test

18.
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• Carbon (C)
• Cobalt (Co)
• Chromium (Cr)
• Copper (Cu)
• Manganese (Mn)
• Molybdenum (Mo)
• Nickel (Ni)
• Niobium (Nb)
• Phosphorous (P)
• Silicon (Si)
• Tantalum (Ta)
• Tungsten (W)
• Vanadium (V)
Secara umum, semakin tinggi %C dan unsur paduan,
kekuatan baja semakin tinggi dan elongasi semakin turun
Unsur paduan /alloying elements yang berperan
meningkatkan kekuatan baja, a.l. :
 Pengaruh Unsur Paduan Terhadap Kekuatan Baja
 Pengaruh Ukuran Butir Terhadap Kekuatan Baja
• Baja tersusun atas butir-butir
struktur mikro
• Semakin kecil ukuran butir,
maka kekuatan baja semakin
meningkat
Struktur mikro baja spec
SPHC terdiri atas butir-butir
fasa ferrite
Model 3D butir
pada baja
Yield
Strength
Rata-rata
diameter
butir
Persamaan Hall-Petch

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• Ketangguhan (Toughness)
Kemampuan baja menyerap energi dan
terdeformasi plastis sebelum patah
• Semakin tinggi kekuatan dan elongasi baja, maka
ketangguhan semakin meningkat
• Ketangguhan baja diketahui dengan metode uji
impak
Ketangguhan

20.
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• Tahapan uji impact:
• Hammer dengan beban standar dijatuhkan dari ketinggian tertentu
• Hammer memukul specimen
• Impact energy terbaca pada scale
• Bisa dilakukan pada beberapa temperature uji  untuk mengetahui
ketangguhan baja pada temperature yang berbeda-beda
Impact Test

21.
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Ketangguhan Baja vs Temperatur
Semakin rendah
temperatur, energi yang
bisa diserap baja
semakin kecil 
ketangguhan menurun
Ketangguhan baja untuk ship plate kategori higher strength produksi PTKS
Contoh kasus :
perbandingan ketangguhan baja aplikasi shipbuilding pada kapal Titanic dan di era modern

22.
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• Kekerasan (Hardness)
Ketahanan material terhadap deformasi plastis
• Semakin tinggi kekuatan material, maka
kekerasan juga semakin tinggi
• Untuk material baja, metode uji kekerasan
yang sering dipakai adalah dengan metode
indentasi (Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, dsb)
Kekerasan

23.
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Konversi Tensile Strength ke Skala Kekerasan
Contoh Kasus :

24.
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• Mampu las (Weldability)
Kemampuan material untuk disambung / dilas
dan menghasilkan lasan yang baik
• Kriteria lasan yang baik:
• Daerah lasan tidak getas
• Tidak terjadi retak setelah proses pengelasan
selesai
• Weldability pada baja sangat dipengaruhi oleh
jenis dan jumlah unsur paduan
• Kriteria untuk mengetahui weldability baja
adalah dengan Carbon Equivalent
Mampu Las

25.
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• Semakin tinggi nilai Carbon
Equivalent, baja semakin sulit dilas
• Pada baja dengan aplikasi critical
(misal pipa API series, welded
structure & building), kualitas lasan
adalah faktor penting yang
menentukan kualitas akhir. Oleh
karena itu, weldability dipersyaratkan.
Weldability VS Carbon Equivalent

26.
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Graville diagram menunjukkan
hubungan antara %C & CE
dengan kerentanan terhadap
munculnya retak terkait proses
pengelasan
Graville Diagram

27.
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Steel Heat Treatment
Hardening
Direct
hardening
Austenizing &
quench
Selective
austenize &
quench :
flame,
induction,
laser, electron
beam
Diffusion
treatment
Carburizing
Nitriding
Boronizing
Carbonitriding
Special diffuse
(V, Si, etc)
Softening
Annealing
Process
annealing
Full annealing
Normalizing
Spheroidizing
Tempering
Austemper
Martemper
Conditioning
Stress relieving
Spring aging
Steam treating
Cryogenic
treatment
Perlakuan Panas
(Heat Treatment)
Pemanasan dan pendinginan
terkendali dengan tujuan untuk
mengubah sifat material
(strength, ductility, hardness,
toughness, dll)
Mampu Perlakuan Panas

28.
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• Secara alamiah, baja mengalami proses korosi atau karat
karena unsur Fe pada baja bereaksi dengan oksigen di
lingkungannya
• Untuk aplikasi dengan paparan cuaca, ada jenis baja yang
dikhususkan agar memiliki ketahanan korosi cuaca
(weathering corrosion resistance)
• Unsur paduan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan korosi
cuaca : P (dalam jumlah sedikit), Cu
• Spec baja tahan korosi cuaca:
• Corten A, Corten B
• JIS3125 SPAH
• BTKCA, BTKCB, BTKCC
Ketahanan Korosi

29.
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• Laju korosi bisa dihitung dengan (1) penetrasi karat ke dalam base metal, atau (2) metode weight loss
(kehilangan berat)
• Laju korosi corten steel jauh lebih rendah dari pada baja carbon
1. Rural environment, 8
km east of Pretoria city
center
2. Semi-industrial
environment, 8 km east of
Pretoria city center
3. Rural-marine environment, 30
km south of Richards bay, 100 m
above sea level and 500 m from
the beach
Laju Korosi Corten Steel

30.
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Weathering corrosion
steel desain PTKS
dinamai dengan spec
BTKCA, BTKCB, BTKCC
Baja Tahan Korosi & Cuaca Buatan PT KS

31.
31
C. Klasifikasi Baja

32.
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Klasifikasi
Baja
Chemical composition
Ultra Low Carbon, Plain Carbon, Low Alloy, Stainless,
etc.
Manufacturing Method Open Hearth, EAF, BOF, etc.
Casting Product Ingot, Bloom, Billet, Slab
Finishing Product Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Wire Rod, Section Bar
Deoxidation Practice Rimmed, Capped, Semi-killed, Killed
Application
Structural, Boiler & Pressure Vessel, Ship Plate, Oil &
Gas Pipe, etc.
Microstructure Ferritic, Pearlitic, Martensitic, Austenitic, Bainitic
Strength Level Low, Medium, High
Heat Treatment Process Annealed, Q&T, TMCP, etc.
Etc.
Tahukah Kamu….
80-90% produk baja yang
digunakan di dunia adalah dari
jenis plain carbon steel: untuk
aplikasi struktur umum

33.
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1. Carbon steel : tidak menggunakan paduan lain untuk
meningkatkan sifatnya
• Ultra low carbon steel
• Low carbon steel
• Medium carbon steel
• High carbon steel
2. High strength low alloy steel (HSLA) : baja carbon rendah
yang menggunakan paduan mikro Nb, V, Ti, atau Mo untuk
meningkatkan sifat kekuatan atau ketangguhannya
3. Tool steel : baja yang digunakan untuk memproses material
(missal untuk dies/cetakan, knife blade, cutting tools, dll),
memiliki kekerasan dan ketahanan abrasi tinggi, biasanya
mengandung unsur paduan Ni, Mo, V, W
4. Stainless steel : baja anti karat yang mengandung Cr (min.
10.5%), dan atau Ni (min. 8%)
5. Maraging steel : baja dengan ultra-high strength yang
diproduksi dengan transformasi martensitic, mengandung Ni (17
~ 19%), Co (min 7%), Mo (min 3%), dan Ti.
Based on Chemical Composition
» Sebagian besar desain produk PTKS tergolong
Baja Low C untuk aplikasi seperti automotive
parts, oil & gas pipe, pelat kapal, dsb
» Aplikasi produk PTKS yang tergolong Baja
Medium C seperti Quenched & Tempered Steel,
Casing Tube Pipe, dsb

34.
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Elemen Pengaruh
Aluminium (Al)  Sebagai deoksidiser
 Pengontrol pertumbuhan butir
 Meningkatkan hardenability
 Meningkatkan ketahanan korosi dengan membentuk lapisan Al2O3
Boron (B)  Meningkatkan machinability dan kapasitas cold forming
 B, 0.001 – 0.003% : merupakan unsur powerful untuk hardenability
 B > 0.003% : akan bersifat merusak
 Untuk mendapatkan pengaruh sifat kekerasan yang diinginkan dari B, elemen pembentuk nitrida yang kuat seperti Ti harus
ditambahkan dengan ratio Ti/N ≥ 3.4
Chromium (Cr)  Meningkatkan ketahanan korosi dan oksidasi
 Cr 0.5 – 2.0% : meningkatkan hardenability dan kekutan pada temperatur tinggi
 Cr 4 – 18% : meningkatkan ketahanan korosi melalui pembentukan permukaan oksida yang stabil
 Pembentuk karbida yang kuat (Cr7C3 and Cr23C6)
 Meningkatkan grain growth
Cupper (Cu)  Cu > 0.2% : meningkatkan ketahann terhadap korosi cuaca
 Meningkatkan hardenability dan kekuatan melalui precipitation hardening
 Menurunkan kualitas permukaan dan menyebabkan problem hot working
Mangan (Mn)  Unsur untuk deoksidasi dan desulfurisasi baja cair
 Meningkatkan kekuatan, kekerasan (tidak sebaik C), dan hardenability
 Membentuk MnS yang meningkatkan machinability (TAPI MnS ini adalah inklusi!)
 Menurunkan kerentanan hot shortness, ductility, dan weldability
Silikon (Si)  Sebagai deoksidiser
 Meningkatkan kekuatan tanpa menurunkan ductility
 Meningkatkan hardenability dan toughness (jika dikombinasikan dengan Mn)
 Meningkatkan karakteristik magnetis
Pengaruh Unsur Paduan

35.
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Elemen Pengaruh
Molibdenum (Mo)  Mo 0.2 – 5% : pembentuk karbida (Mo2C, Fe4Mo2C, Fe21MoC6; mencegah pertumbuhan butir dan meningkatkan ketangguhan
 Karbida Mo akan meningkatkan ketahanan mulur (creep) pada temperatur tinggi
 Meningkatkan hardenability
Nikel (Ni)  Meningkatkan kekuatan melalui mekanisme solid solution strengthenin
 Tidak membentuk karbida
 Meningkatkan ketahanan korosi, hardenability, ketangguhan
 Dengan Cr menghasilkan baja paduan dengan kemampuan kekerasan tinggi, ketahanan impak dan fatigue yang tinggi
Niobium (Nb)  Meningkatkan kekuatan dan ketangguhan dengan menghambat proses rekristalisasi
 Sebagai elemen precipitation strengthening
 Sebagai grain refiner (mengontrol pertumbuhan butir)
Vanadium (V)  Meningkatkan kekuatan dan hardenability tanpa menurunkan ductility
 Meningkatkan ketangguhan (impact temperature transition)
 Sebagai precipitation strengthening
 Pembentuk karbida dan nitrida  mengurangi austenite grain growth
Titanium (Ti)  Pembentuk presipitat karbida yang kuat dan stabil pada temperatur tinggi
 Menghambat pertumbuhan butir dengan membentuk karbida dan nitrida yang terdispersi merata yang tidak larut pada temperatur
tinggi
 Menurunkan kecenderungan intergranular corrosion
 Meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap fenomena aging
Pengaruh Unsur Paduan

36.
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• Rimmed Steel : low carbon steel dengan proses oksidasi parsial sehingga menghasilkan lapisan rim (besi
murni) di bagian luar dan impurities di bagian dalam produk baja
• Caped Steel : hampir sama dengan rimmed steel, dengan level keseragaman komposisi antara rimmed dan
semi-killed steels.
• Semi-killed Steel : proses oksidadi baja secara parsial dengan level keseragaman komposisi antara caped
dan killed steels
• Fully-killed Steel : atau disebut “Killed Steel” saja, adalah baja yang diproses dengan deoksidasi penuh
dengan unsur deoksidasi (Al atau Si). Istilah “killed” dipakai karena penambahan unsur deoksidasi tsb
menyebabkan baja “tenang” selama proses solidifikasi
PTKS memproduksi baja fully killed dengan
menggunakan Al dan atau Si sebagai unsur deoksidator
Based on Oxidation Level

37.
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Aluminium sering digunakan sebagai unsur deoksidator
pada baja yang diproduksi PTKS, terutama pada flat
product, karena:
• Memiliki afinitas yang tinggi terhadap oksigen sehingga
merupakan unsur deoksidator yang efektif
• Al2O3 sebagai produk dari proses deoksidasi memiliki
floatability yang lebih baik (lebih mudah mengapung) dari
pada SiO2 sehingga menghasilkan baja yang lebih bersih
• Penghalus ukuran butir yang efektif untuk mencapai
kekuatan tinggi
Aluminium Killed Steel

38.
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• Ingot : logam tuang (metal cast) semi-finished dalam bentuk
yang mudah untuk penyimpanan dan transportasi
• Bloom : baja semi-finished long product dengan penampang
persegi atau persegi panjang berukuran 36 inchi persegi
atau lebih
• Billet : baja semi-finished long product dengan penampang
persegi atau persegi panjang berukuran kurang dari 36 inchi
persegi
• Slab : baja semi-finished tebal 200 ~ 250 mm sebagai bahan
baku flat product
Casting Product (Semi Finished)

39.
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Steel Product (Finished)
• Hot Rolled : produk baja dari proses hot
rolling, biasanya dalam keadaan “as-rolled
condition”
• Cold Rolled : produk baja dari proses cold
rolling
• Wire Rod : baja long product dengan
penampang yang biasanya bulat dan disuplai
dalam bentuk coil atau panjang tertentu
• Section Bar : baja long product dengan
penampang L, H, I, T, persegi atau silindris
PTKS memproduksi hot rolled coil, cold rolled coil, dan wire rod coil. Section bar
diproduksi oleh salah satu anak perusahaan PTKS yaitu PT KWT & PT KOS

40.
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C. Identifikasi Produk Baja
 Persyaratan Produk Baja
 Pengenalan Spesifikasi Baja
 Identifikasi Barang Besi & Baja
 Identifikasi Produk Hot Rolled & Cold Rolled

41.
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Persyaratan
Produk Baja
Standar
Cust.
Req.
Aplikasi baja sangat luas, dan tidak terbatas pada area tertentu saja,
sehingga perlu dibuat standar untuk menyeragamkan kualitas
Hal yang paling pokok pada standar baja adalah standar material,
komposisi kimia, sifat mekanis, metode pengukuran, delivery condition,
dll
Negara industri umumnya punya standar sendiri. Misal JIS (Jepang), DIN
(Jerman), ASTM (Amerika Serikat), SNI (Indonesia), dsb. Standar-standar
tsb bersifat interchange tetapi tidak identik.
Dasar penamaan spec standar bisa berbeda-beda, misal standar untuk baja konstruksi:
• Di Jepang berdasarkan tensile strength  contoh : JIS G 3101 SS400 mempersyaratkan tensile strength min 400 Mpa
• Di Eropa berdasarkan yield strength  contoh : BSEN S275 JR mempersyaratkan yield strength min 275 Mpa
Technical
Agreement
Persyaratan Produk Baja

42.
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SNI 07 3567 BjD
 Simbol Grade
 Komposisi Kimia
Simbol
Komposisi Kimia (%)
C
(maks) Mn (maks)
P
(maks)
S
(maks)
BJDC 0,12 0,50 0,040 0,045
BJDD1 0,10 0,45 0,030 0,025
BJDD2 0,08 0,40 0,030 0,020
BJDD3 0,06 0,40 0,030 0,020
 Sifat Mekanik
Pengenalan Spesifikasi Baja

43.
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Contoh Standard ASTM

44.
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Contoh Standard JIS

45.
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Nomor Standard Judul
SNI 07-2052-2002 Baja tulangan beton (BjTP)
SNI 07-0053-2006 Batang kawat baja karbon rendah (Bj Bk.R)
SNI 07-0075-2006 Batang kawat baja karbon rendah untuk inti kawat las
listrik (BjKE)
SNI 07-0601-2006 Batang lembaran, pelat, & gulungan canai panas (BjP)
SNI 8784:2019 Baja lembaran, pelat dan gulungan canai panas lunak
(BjPL)
SNI 8522:2020 Baja lembaran, pelat dan gulungan canai panas
aplikasi struktur umum dan struktur las (BjPS)
SNI 3567:2018 Baja lembaran dan gulungan canai dingin (BjD)
SNI 07-0377:1989 Batang kawat baja karbon untuk cold heading dan cold
forging (Bj BKCH)
Contoh Standard SNI

46.
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Contoh Referensi Standard Spesifikasi Baja di dalam SPDS

47.
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Identifikasi Barang Besi & Baja
Besi Baja
Bentuk cenderung khas produk coran (fondry): ukuran relatif kecil-
sedang, permukaan relatif kasar (kecuali hasil permesinan), relatif
lebih tahan karat,
Bentuk cenderung khas produk canai (rolling): ukuran relatif besar,
panjang atau lebar, permukaan relatif halus, jika tidak dilapis maka
lebih mudah karat,
entuk barang relatif membulat, persegi atau pejal tak beraturan, dan
cenderung simetris, meskipun sudah mendapat perlakuan
permesinan (machining)
bentuk awal selalu pipih lebar atau bulat panjang, namun setelah
proses manufaktur (forging, welding, forming, machining) dapat
menjadi bermacam-macam bentuk dan ukuran
Contoh: pipe connector, pipe flange, pipe elbow, machine block,
dies, punch, roll, working tools, etc
Contoh: hot rolled coil/plate/ sheet, cold rolled coil/sheet, wire rod,
steel bar, steel section, line pipe, fasteners, wire, nail, working tools,
etc
Besi Baja
Cari kata kunci:
cast iron, iron, fondry, gray cast iron, nodular cast iron, malleable
cast iron,
Cari kata kunci:
steel, rolled steel, forged steel, hot rolled coil, sheet, plate, cold
rolled coil/sheet,
Satuan barang: single, kg
Unit, item, heat number
Satuan barang: package, ton, kg
Heat number, coil number, packing/package number
HS code:
Perhatikan kesesuaian kata kunci di label dan dokumen dengan
keterangan HS code
HS code:
Perhatikan kesesuaian kata kunci di label dan dokumen dengan
keterangan HS code
Berdasarkan Pengamatan Visual
Berdasarkan Dokumen, Label & Code

48.
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Identifikasi Barang Besi & Baja
Besi Baja
Komposisi kimia tipikal:
C > 2.0 %
Si > 1.0 %
S > 0.1 %
Komposisi kimia tipikal:
C <= 2.0 %
Si < 0.5 % (baja karbon)
Si 0.5 – 1.5 % (silicon steel)
P, S < 0.050 %
Struktur mikro:
Fasa graphite (flake, nodular)
Fasa dendritic, ferrite , cementite
Butiran khas proses fondry (coring structure)
Struktur mikro:
Tidak ada fasa graphite
Fasa ferrite, pearlite, cementite, austenite, martensite
Butiran khas proses rolling
Sifat mekanik:
Umumnya hanya nilai kekerasan (Brinnel, Vickers, Rockwell)
Sifat mekanik:
Nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik sesuai spesifikasinya
Berdasarkan Hasil Uji Laboratorium

49.
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Identifikasi Produk Hot Rolled & Cold Rolled
Hot Rolled Cold Rolled
 Warna permukaan lebih gelap, abu-abu gelap sampai hitam
(lapisan FeO / mill scale), warna tidak merata (discoloured)
 Untuk Hot rolled pickled & oiled (HRPO) warna lebih terang, abu-
abu terang (tidak ada lapisan FeO), warna lebih merata
Warna cenderung terang, abu-abu metalik sampai putih mengkilat,
tidak ada lapisan FeO (mill scale), warna lebih merata
 Permukaan lebih kasar
 Untuk HRPO permukaan tetap kasar namun merata, ada lapisan
oil (rust preventive) di permukaan
 Permukaan lebih halus dan merata
 Umumnya permukaan dilapisi oil (rust preventive oil)
 Kondisi coil tidak dibungkus
 Kondisi plate/shate terkadang dibungkus kertas atau metal
 Kecuali HRPO selalu dibungkus
Kondisi selalu dibungkus (kertas atau metal packed)
Tebal 1.6 – 60 mm
(kebanyakan 2.0 – 25 mm)
Tebal 0.2 – 5.0 mm
(kebanyakan 0.3 – 3.0 mm)
Struktur mikro:
1. Fasa Ferrite, Acicular Ferrite
2. Fasa Pearlite di batas butir, fasa degenerated Pearlite
3. Tidak ada fasa cementite
4. Presipitat (karbida, nitrida) di batas butir
Struktur mikro (soft grade):
1. Fasa Ferrite (Normal, equiaxial, pancake structure, elongated)
2. Fasa Pearlite di batas butir dan di dalam butir
3. Cementite (pada grade tertentu)
4. Presipitat (karbida, nitrida) di batas butir dan di dalam butir

50.
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Identifikasi Produk Hot Rolled & Cold Rolled
ferrite
pearlite
ferrite
pearlite
ferrite
spot
cementite
Hot Rolled
(Plain Carbon Steel)
Cold Rolled
(Soft – ex-Continuous Annealing)
Cold Rolled
(Soft – ex-Batch Annealing)

51.
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Contoh Label Produk Baja PT KS

52.
52
E. Proses Pembuatan Baja di PTKS
 Sejarah Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja
 Fasilitas Produksi PT KS

53.
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Sejarah Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja
Bessemer
Thomas
EAF
Open Hearth Furnace
Middle-age

54.
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Sejarah Proses Pembuatan Besi & Baja
Pergeseran Teknologi Casting
Ingot Casting Continuous Casting

55.
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55
Teknologi Pembuatan Baja: Konvensional BF-BOF vs Modern DR-EAF
Contoh Teknologi Pembuatan Baja

56.
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Slab Steel Plant 2
Slab Steel Plant 1
Billet Steel Plant Wire Rod Mill
Cold Rolling Mill
Direct Reduction
Plant
2xEAF
130 ton
4xEAF
130 ton
4xEAF 60 ton
1xLF, 1xRH 1xCCM
2xLF 2xCCM
2xCCM
1xLF
DRI
Steel
Slab
1.74 mtpy
2.1 mtpy
0.65 mtpy 0.45 mtpy
Cold Rolled
Coil/Sheet
Hot Rolled
Coil/Plate
Wire Rod
Bars & Sections
Hot Strip Mill 1
0.85 mtpy
Wire Rod
0.2 mtpy
PT Krakatau Steel
Slab Steel Plant
1xKR
300 ton
1xLF,
1xRH
1xCCM
Plate Mill
Plate
1.5 mtpy
Steel Slab
3.0 mtpy
1.5 mtpy
PT Krakatau Posco
PT MJIS Rotary Kiln
2xRK
0.315 mtpy
1.2 mtpy
3.0 mtpy
Blast Furnace
Blast
Furnace
2.4 mtpy
Hot Strip Mill 2
Mtpy = Metric Ton Per Year
HM/PI
DRI RK
Steel
Billet
HM/PI
1.5 mtpy
Bars & Sections
HRC
3.9 mtpy
Fasilitas Produksi PT KS

57.
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Kegiatan pengendalian:
• Analisa komposisi kimia iron ore pellet (IOP)
• Kontrol proses / kondisi operasi : analisa kualitas gas alam, gas
reformasi, gas proses, temperature control
• Analisa sponge iron / direct reduced iron (DRI)
Reforming Reduction
Iron
Ore
Pellet
Total Fe : 67% min
SiO2 : 1.4% max
CaO : 1.0% max
H2O : 2.0% max
…
Size distribution, LTD,
Reducibility, Sticking Index
Direct
Reduced
Iron
Total Fe : 90% min
Fe metal : 83% min
Metalisasi : 92% min
CaO / SiO2 : 0.7 min
C : 3 – 4 %
P : 0.05% max
S : 0.03% max
Iron Making : Direct Reduction Plant

58.
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Kegiatan pengendalian:
• Kualitas bahan baku
• Kualitas material in-process: Ore (iron, lump, pellet, sintered, mixed, return), Coal (crushing, PCI, blending), Coke (wharf, screening, BF
intermediate belt, breeze dry and wet), Flux Fluorspar, Sintered Fines, Dedusting (BF gas, ore bunker, casting yard), Hot Metal, Hot Slag
Sinter Ore
Coke
Hot Metal
Iron Making : Blast Furnace Complex

59.
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Interface Blast Furnace Complex ke Steel Making Plant

60.
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RAW & SUPP.
MATERIAL
• Chemical
composition
MELTING
• Charging ratio
• Chemical comp.
• Temperature control
• Dephosphorization
• Tap to tap time
SECONDARY
METALLURGY
• Decarburization
• Deoxidation
• Desulphurization
• Alloying
• Inclusion shape control
• Temperature control
CASTING
• Temperature
control
• Shrouding &
insulation
• Casting parameter
(mold oscillation,
casting speed)
SLAB INSPECTION
(+EXTERNAL SLAB
INCOMING INSPECTION)
• Surface quality
• Internal quality by sulphur
print / macro-etch
• Shape & dimension
tolerance
Observer
Inspector
Struktur makro slab
Slab
Steel Making : Slab Steel Plant

61.
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RAW & SUPP.
MATERIAL
• Chemical
composition
MELTING
• Charging ratio
• Chemical comp.
• Temperature control
• Dephosphorization
• Tap to tap time
SECONDARY
METALLURGY
• Decarburization
• Deoxidation
• Desulphurization
• Alloying
• Inclusion shape control
• Temperature control
CASTING
• Temperature
control
• Shrouding &
insulation
• Casting parameter
(mold oscillation,
casting speed)
BILLET INSPECTION
(+EXTERNAL BILLET
INCOMING INSPECTION)
• Surface quality
• Internal quality by sulphur
print / macro-etch
• Shape & dimension
tolerance
Inspector
Steel Making : Billet Steel Plant

62.
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Rolling : Hot Strip Mill
SLAB REHEATING FURNACE SIZING PRESS
ROUGHING MILL
FINISHING MILL
LAMINAR COOLING
DOWN COILER
HOT ROLLED COIL
SHEARING LINE SLITTING/RECOILING LINE SKIN PASS MILL
SHEET AND PLATE SLITTED AND
RECOILED
RECOILED HOT ROLLED COIL
Heating the slab up to 1250oC with natural
gas consumption ±14 MMSCFD.
The width reduction of heated slab up to 150 mm
Thickness reduction from 200 -
230 mm into ±40 mm
Final thickness reduction to the customer
requirement (1,8 – 25 mm)
Cooling process to get required
mechanical properties
Cutting the coil into
plate
Splitting into several coil
Coiling the strip
Improve the
flatness
Partnertship for Sustainable Growth
Proses canai panas: di atas temp.
rekristalisasi baja (> 550°C). Jenis
proses canai panas: hot strip mill,
plate mill, steel bar mill, steel
section mill, tergantung pada
bentuk dan ukuran dan kaliber dari
roll yang digunakan

63.
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Hot Rolled Coil
Steel Plate
Steel Bar
Wire Rod
Steel Sections (Beam, Siku, Kanal C, WF)

64.
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Inspector Inspector Inspector
Inspector Observer
Observer:
Mengawasi &
mengamati
parameter
proses rolling
Inspektor:
Mengecek /
menginspeksi
hasil produksi
Final
Inspection
Inspector
Shipment
Rolling : Cold Rolling Mill

65.
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Annealing: Proses pemanasan untuk mengembalikan struktur mikro yang rusak akibat proses cold
rolling sehingga terjadi rekristalisasi butir & perbaikan sifat mekanis
Cold Rolled Coil Cold Rolled Coil (metal wrapped)
Slitted Cold Rolled Coil

66.
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Area Quality Control Activities
Billet Reheating Pengukuran temperature (setiap billet)
Roughing, Intermediate, & Finishing Mill Pengukuran temperature dan roundness (setiap coil)
Wire Rod Finishing Inspeksi visual, cek dimensi, pengukuran berat, bundling &
marking (setiap coil), sampling untuk pengujian mekanik.
Observer
Inspector
Rolling : Wire Rod Mill

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F. Spesifikasi & Aplikasi Produk Baja PTKS

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68
Hot Rolled
Steel
Application
Oil &
Gas
Pipe
Boiler &
Pressur
e
Vessels
Gas
Cylinder
General
& Welded
Structure
Weathering
Corrosion
Resistants
Steel
Automoti
ve Parts
& Frame
Ship
Building
Aplikasi Produk : Hot Rolled Coil/Plate

69.
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Spesifikasi Produk : Hot Rolled Coil/Plate

70.
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Produk HR Berdasarkan Level Kekuatan

71.
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HR for General & Welded Structure
General application:
• Konstruksi jembatan
• Gedung / bangunan
• Konstruksi kapal,
containers, tangki
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah –
tinggi
• Sifat mampu las yang baik
Spesifikasi Produk
AS/NZ 1594 HA250,
HA350
ASTM A36, A242 Grade
2, A284 Grade C & D,
A570 Grade 30 – 50,
A572 Grade 42 – 55,
A573 Grade 70
BSEN S235 – 355 (J0,
JR, J2), DIN 17100 ST37
– ST52
JIS G 3101 SS330 – 540,
JIS G 3106 SM400 –
SM490 (A, B, C), JIS G
3136 SN400B, SN490B,
SNI 07 0601 BJPC, BJPS

72.
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HR for Oil & Gas Pipe
Spesifikasi Produk
API 5CT H40, J55, K55
API 5L Grade A, Grade BM, Grade BN,
API 5L X42 – X80 (PSL1 and PSL2)
ASTM A139, DNV 485, DNV OS F101
Grade 450
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah - tinggi
• Excellent toughness di
bawah temperatur ruang
• Excellent weldability
Produk PTKS
Range of Strength

73.
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Pengalaman PTKS Dalam Mendukung Infrastruktur Oil & Gas
Antara lain:
PGN (Pagar Dewa
– Labuan
Maringgai Dev.
Project) X65M,
120,000 MT
Antara lain:
Exxon Mobil
(Banyu Urip Dev.
Project) X60MS,
10,000 MT
Antara lain:
Conoco Phillips
(LTRO Dev.
Project) X52MS,
5,000 MT
Antara lain:
Sengkang
Wasambo Dev.
Project, X52MS,
2,000 MT
Antara lain:
Pertagas Project,
X65M, 36,000 MT

74.
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HR for Oil & Gas Pipe:
Contoh Proyek API5L X60 Sour Gas
Unsur Persyaratan Tipikal PTKS
C 0.10 max 0.05 max
Mn 1.60 max 1.20 max
Si 0.40 max 0.20 max
P 0.0150 max 0.0070 max
S 0.0020 max 0.0020 max
Al total 0.015 – 0.050 0.025 – 0.050
N 0.0090 max 0.0070 max
Nb 0.050 max 0.02 - 0.050
V 0.080 max 0.040 – 0.070
Ti 0.020 max 0.010 max
Unsur Persyaratan Desain PTKS
Cu 0.35 max 0.09 max
Ni 0.20 max 0.20 max
Cr 0.20 max 0.07 max
Mo 0.10 max 0.02 max
Ca 0.004 max 0.004 max
B 0.0005 max 0.0005 max
Nb+V+Ti 0.140 max As per actual
Cu+Ni+Cr 0.40 max As per actual
(Al+V+Ti)/
N
2 : 1 (min) As per actual
CEPCM 0.20 max 0.14 max
Kandungan pengotor rendah:
• (S) ≤ 20 ppm untuk ketahanan HIC
• (O) 10 – 40 ppm; inklusi sangat
rendah
• Kandungan H sangat rendah
• Level segregasi rendah
Komposisi kimia yang ketat

75.
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HR for Oil & Gas Pipe:
Contoh Proyek API5L X60 Sour Gas
Mechanical
Properties
Persyaratan Hasil
YS (Mpa)
414 – 514 (Long)
414 – 534 (Trans)
481 – 522 (HRC)
446 – 560 (Pipa)
TS (Mpa) 517 – 657
554 – 606 (HRC)
560 – 633 (Pipa)
Elongation (%) 23.6 min
32 – 40 (HRC)
26 – 40 (Pipa)
Yield Ratio 90% max 88% max
Charpy at 0 oC
(Joule)
41 min 180 – 230
DWTT at 10 oC
85% min shear
area
100% shear area
Hardness HV 10 250 max 180 – 220
Item Persyaratan Hasil
HIC
NACE
TM0284
Solution B
(Cu < 0.20%)
Item
Pipa Spiral Pipa ERW
HRC
Pipa
HRC
Pipa
Weld 0o 180o Weld 0o 180o
CSR ≤ 1.5% 0 0 0 0 0.004 0 0 0
CLR ≤ 15% 0 0 0 0 1.03 0 0 0
CTR ≤ 2% 0 0 0 0 0.13 0 0 0
SSCC
NACE
TM0177
Solution A
(Four point
bending)
Position: weld &
pipe body
80% SMYS
No crack
Visual & magnetic
particle inspection
No
crack
No
crack
No
crack
No
crack
No
crack
No
crack
No
crack
No
crack

76.
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HR for Weathering Corrosion Resistance Application
• Pelat baja yang digunakan untuk struktur khusus yang
membutuhkan ketahanan lebih tinggi terhadap korosi
cuaca
• Contoh: cargo container, tiang listrik, jembatan, gedung,
mesin industry, dll
Spesifikasi Produk
CORTEN A – C
JIS G 3125 SPAH
BTKC Grade A, B, C
Spec.
Tipikal Komposisi Kimia Produk PTKS
C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr V
BTKC-A / SPAH 0.07 0.45 0.45 0.10 0.010 max 0.35 0.25 0.80 -
BTKC-B 0.15 0.50 0.90 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.35 0.25 0.45 0.045
BTKC-C 0.15 0.50 1.10 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.35 0.25 0.45 0.060
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menegah – tinggi
• Good weldability
• Ketahanan lebih tinggi terhadap
korosi cuaca

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HR for Pipe & Tube
Aplikasi:
• Small-medium welded
pipes & tubes for line
pipes, furniture, frames,
automotive parts, etc
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah -
menengah
• Good formability &
bendability
• Good weldability
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3232 SPHT 1 – 4
SPHK 1, SPHK2
KSA29H, KSA37H, KSA39H
MPW1, MPW2, MP38

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HR for Boiler & Pressure Vessel
Aplikasi:
• Bejana tekan, vessel untuk industry
kimia, pembangkit, dll yang
beroperasi sampai temperature
tinggi, tabung gas untuk rumah
tangga dan industri
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah – tinggi
• Excellent weldability
• Good toughness
• High resistance at elevated
temperature (high creep resistance)
Spesifikasi Produk
ASTM A53 Grade B
ASTM A252 Grade 1 – 3
ASTM A283 Grade A – D
ASTM A285 Grade A – C
ASTM A515 Grade 70
ASTM A 516 Grade 70
JIS G 3116 SG255,
SG295

79.
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HR for Shipbuilding
Spesifikasi Produk
ABS (A, AH32, AH36)
BKI (Grade A, B, A32, A36)
BV (Grade A)
DNV (Grade A)
GL (Grade A & B)
LR (Grade A)
NKK (KA, KA32, KA36)
Aplikasi:
• Welded steel plate untuk bangunan
kapal dan konstruksinya (termasuk
repair dan equipment), instalasi lepas
pantai, dan struktur maritime lainnya
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah – tinggi
• Excellent weldability
• Good fatigue resistance
• Good toughness

80.
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HR for Automotive
Aplikasi:
• Frame (cross-member,
chasis), automobile wheel
disc, oil filter, fuel tank for
truck/bus, tank
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah –
tinggi
• Excellent weldability
• Good fatigue resistance
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3113 SAPH310 – 540
JIS G 3134 SPFH490 – 540
JIS G 3131 SPHC, SPHD, SPHE
HSAPH540, KSAPH540,
HSAPH620
SPH270COD, SPH440OD

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HR Checker Plate
Strip Thickness
(mm)
Checker Height
(mm)
t < 3 1.0 min.
3 ≤ t < 5 1.3 min.
5 ≤ t < 7 1.5 min.
t ≥ 7 1.7 min.
Aplikasi:
• Rak, tool box, panel lift, electronic cabinets
• Pelat untuk lantai pada tangga atau aplikasi lain
yang memerlukan ketahanan selip & mudah
dibersihkan
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah – menengah
• Good weldability & formability

82.
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High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steels
Sifat baja HSLA:
• High strength
• Good formability
• Good toughness
• Good weldability
• Good corrosion resistance
Karakteristik:
• %C rendah (kisaran 0.10 atau lebih rendah)
• Paduan mikro (Nb, V, Ti) rendah (0.01 – 0.10%)
• Ukuran butir halus dan struktur mikro seragam
Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Ukuran butir halus – struktur mikro seragam

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Baja HSLA PTKS

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84
Cold Rolled
Steel
Application
Light
Steel
Frame
Drum
General
Purpose
Enamelware
Home &
Office
Appliance
Automotiv
e &
General
Pipe
Automotive
Part &
Frames
Aplikasi Produk : Cold Rolled Coil/Sheet

85.
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85
STANDARD GRADE GROUP APLICATION
ASTM
A366 M - 91 Galvanized Soft
A446M Gr, B, C (as base metal) Structural Steel Pipe / Tube Galvanized Structural Quality
A446 Gr. E Galvalum
A611 Gr. A, B Steel Roof
A611 Gr.C, D Structural Steel Pipe / Tube Galvanized Structural Quality
A611 Gr. E Galvanized Hard
A1008 / A1008M 01a Automotive Parts Deep Drawing Quality Electrical Machinery Parts
A1008 / A1008M 01a CS Type A, B & C Automotive Parts, Building Material
A1008 / A1008M 01a DS Type A & B Automotive Parts, Drawing Quality, Household Electrical Appliance
DIN
1623 Part 1 - ST12 - 03 ST12 - 03 Drum
1623 Part 1 - ST13 Automotive Parts, Drawing Quality, Household Electrical Appliance
1623 Part 3 - 87 (ED3: ED4) Enamelware (Enamelability - Guaranted)
1623 EK2; EK3 Enamelware (No Enamelability Guarantee)
JIS
G 3133 SPP Enamelware (Enamelability - Guaranted)
G 3141 SPCC -1D, SPCC-SD Electrical Appliance, General Purpose, GI Structural Quality
G 3141 SPCD-SD Automotive Parts, Drawing Quality, Household Electrical Appliance
G 3141 SPCE-SD, G 3141 SPCF-SD Automotive Parts Deep Drawing Quality Electrical Machinery Parts
G 3141 SPCCT-SD
Electrical Appliance, General Purpose, GI Structural Quality, Pipe & Tube (Mechanical Properties -
Guaranted)
G 3445 96 Gr.13A Structural Steel Pipe / Tube Galvanized Structural Quality
SNI
07 3567 BJDC-1R, BJDC-SR Electrical Appliance, General Purpose, GI Structural Quality
07 3567 BJDD1-SR Automotive Parts, Drawing Quality, Household Electrical Appliance
07 3567 BJDD2-SR, BJDD3-SR Automotive Parts Deep Drawing Quality Electrical Machinery Parts
07 3567 BJDCT-SR Electrical Appliance, General Purpose, GI Structural Quality, Pipe & Tube (Mechanical Guarantee)
Krakatau Steel
619 M 92 Automotive Parts, Drawing Quality, Household Electrical Appliance
SPCK1, SPCK3, SPCK4, SPCK5, KSSTA 290, KSSTA 390,
KSS37, KSI34, KSI37, KSI42, MP1A, MP38, MP1C
Pipe & Tube Steel Pipe Structural
KSSC780
Steel frame housing
SPCG 550A, SPCG 550B
SPC 800H, SPC 800C Steel Strapping
SPC270C, SPC270D Automotive
Spesifikasi Produk : Cold Rolled Coil/Sheet

86.
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Produk Cold Rolled
Cold Rolled
Products
Annealed CRC Steel
Annealed CR Sheet
Full Hard & As-Rolled
CRC

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Produk CR Berdasarkan Level Kekuatan

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CR for General Purposes
Aplikasi:
• Penggunaan umum steel sheet
antara lain: sheet cover, drums,
office cabinet & appliances, zinc
or zincalume coated roofing
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah
• Low to medium formability &
bendability
• Good weldability
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3141 SPCC-1D,
SPCC-SD
SNI 07 3567 BjDC
Atau equivalen

89.
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CR for Pipe & Tube
Aplikasi:
• Pipa dan tube kecil untuk structural
dan non-structural seperti furniture,
automotive frame & parts, dll
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah – menengah
• Medium formability & bendability
• Good weldability
• Good surface appearance
Spesifikasi Produk
MP1A, MP1C, MP38
SPCC-SD, SPCCT-SD, KSA29C,
KSA37C, KSA39C
KSSTA290, KSS37C, KSSTA390
SPCK-4, SPCK-5
Atau equivalen

90.
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CR for Automotive Body & Parts
Aplikasi:
• Structural & non-structural, exposed &
unexposed automobile body, motorcycle
frame, fuel tanks, oil filter, air filter, lamp
reflector, dll
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah – menengah
• Good to excellent formability & drawability
• Good weldability
• Excellent surface appearance & cleanliness
Spesifikasi Produk
ASTM A1008M 01a CS/DS
Type A, B, C
DIN 1623 Part 1 ST13
JIS G 3141 SPCD, SPCE,
SPC270C, SPC270D
Atau equivalen

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CR for Enamelware
Aplikasi:
• Single, double, and multi-layer enamelware
seperti mangkuk, gelas/mug, alat masak,
ceret, wadah makanan, penggorengan
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah
• Good to excellent formability & drawability
• Good weldability
• Good enamelability
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3133 SPP
JIS G 3141 SPCC-SD
Atau equivalen

92.
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CR for Steel Frame Housing
Aplikasi:
• Structural and non-structural
housing frame seperti rangka atap,
dinding, jendela, lantai, dll
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah – tinggi
• Relatively low formability &
bendability
• Good weldability
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3141 SPCC-1D,
SPCC-2D, SPCC-SD
SPC G300, SPC G550
Atau equivalen

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93
APLIKASI
BAJA
BATANG
KAWAT
Penggunaan
umum dan
konstruksi
Baut &
Mur
Baja karbon
tinggi
Kawat
elektroda
Aplikasi Produk : Wire Rod Coil

94.
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Segmen Spesifikasi Produk Aplikasi
Low & medium carbon JIS G 3505 SWRM 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20 General drawing application, wire mesh
High carbon
JIS G 3506 SWRH 42A, 62A, 62B, 67A, 67B,
72A, 72B, 77B, 82B
Umbrella ribs, helical wire, spring wire, wire rope, PC
strand, PC wire
Electrode Core Wire
JIS G 3503 SWRY11, IEW 649 FI, EW 2616 B,
EW 1804 A, ER 705-3
Wire rod for core of covered electrode
Cold heading JIS G 3507 SWRCH8A, 10A, 12A, 18A Cold heading & cold forging end use
Concrete reinforce JIS G 3112 SR 24, SD 40 Concrete reinforcement bar
Shafting bar JIS G 4051 S30C, S35C S45C Carbon steel for shafting bar
Grinding ball SAE 5052 Alloy steel for grinding ball
Spesifikasi Produk : Wire Rod Coil

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Produk WR Berdasarkan Level Kekuatan

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WR for General Wire & Nail
Aplikasi:
• General wire, nail, wire mesh, general
fastener, dll
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah – menengah
• Good formability & drawability
• Good weldability
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3505 SWRM6, 8,
10, 12, 15, 17, 20
Atau equivalen

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WR for Bolt & Nut
Aplikasi:
• Small to medium diameter cold-headed rods seperti
medium-heavy duty bolts & nuts
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah – menengah
• Good formability & drawability
• Good weldability
• Excellent cleanliness
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3507 SWRCH8A,
10A, 18A
Atau equivalen

98.
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WR for High Carbon Application
Aplikasi:
• High carbon wire for springs, pre-
stressed concrete (PC) wires, wire
ropes, spoke wires, dll
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan menengah – tinggi
• Medium formability & drawability
• Good weldability
• Excellent cleanliness
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3506 SWRH42A, 62A, 62B, 67A,
67B, 72B, 77B, 82B
Atau equivalen

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WR for Electrode Core Wire
Aplikasi:
• General covered electrode wire for
arc welding
Sifat baja:
• Kekuatan rendah
• Medium formability & drawability
• Good weldability
• Special chemical composition
Spesifikasi Produk
JIS G 3503 SWRY11, SWRY21
Atau equivalen

100.
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TERIMA KASIH

101.
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10
1
Membahas Material Baja … ???
Perlu dibahas juga topik berikut:
(a) Atom & kristal
(b) Fasa
(c) Butir
(d) Dislokasi
(e) Rekristalisasi

102.
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10
2
(a) Atom & Kristal
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1403%3A_General_Chemistry_2/Chapters/12%3A_Solids/12.1_Crystal_Lattices_and_Unit_Cells

103.
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10
3
(b) Fasa
Bainite
Martensite
Fasa tidak seimbang:
FASA / PHASE
Suatu keadaan
yang homogen
secara fisik
pada suatu
material
Memiliki
komposisi
kimia dan
ikatan atom
tertentu

104.
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10
4
(c) Butir
Baja tersusun atas
butir-butir struktur
mikro dari satu atau
beberapa jenis fasa
Model 3D butir pada baja
Struktur mikro HR spec SPHC
(ferrite & pearlite kasar)
Struktur mikro HR spec
SPH440 (ferrite & pearlite)
Struktur mikro HR spec API5LX52MS
(ferrite & pearlite halus)
Struktur mikro WR spec
SWRH67B (pearlite)
Struktur mikro CR full hard
(elongated grains)

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10
5
(d) Dislokasi
• Jenis cacat linear
pada kristal
• Merupakan area
dimana atom-atom
“keluar dari
posisinya” di dalam
kristal
Edge dislocation Screw dislocation
• Bergerak saat material dikenai gaya eksternal
• Pergerakan dislokasi inilah yang menyebabkan
baja bisa dideformasi/diubah bentuk

106.
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10
6
(e) Rekristalisasi
Ada temperatur & deformasi
minimum agar terjadi
Ukuran butir awal & deformasi
mempengaruhi temperatur
rekristalisasi
Deformasi mempengaruhi
ukuran butir akhir Rekristalisasi terjadi antara lain pada:
• Proses hot rolling
• Annealing CR
Proses dimana butir yang terdeformasi digantikan
dengan butir baru yang bebas cacat yang tumbuh
Kekuatan ↓ , Kekerasan ↓ , Keuletan ↑
Hal terkait rekristalisasi
Diaktifkan secara termal