2
丰田生产方式(TPS)的定义
Phương thức sản xuất này được phát triển bởi Toyota, thông qua toàn bộ hệ
thống để loại bỏ hoàn toàn chất thải, mục đích là để xây dựng chất lượng cao
trong quá trình sản xuất, cuối cùng theo đuổi các phương pháp kinh doanh thích
hợp nhất và đơn giản nhất, đồng thời đồng ý với các nguyên tắc giảm chi phí
khác nhau. Bản thân nó cũng chứa một số kỹ thuật cần thiết để đạt được mục
tiêu này. Hai hệ thống con chính hỗ trợ phương pháp sản xuất của Toyota (TPS)
là Just-In-Time và Jidoka .
From TOYOTA
老师
初学者
Bạn đã bao giờ nhận ra
sự lãng phí? Lãng phí là
gì? Anh đã thấy bao
nhiêu chất thải?
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3
Genba, Genchi, Genbutsu, and Genjitsu
Genba (ví dụ: Hội thảo số 7)
Genchi (khu vực hàn của xưởng)
Genbutsu (đối tượng thực tế)
Genjitsu (hiện tượng thực tế, sự
kiện)
6 yếu tố (ai, khi nào, ở đâu, điều gì,
cái nào, như thế nào)
Ngay
trước
mặt!
Hiện trường Hiện tại Hiện vật Thật
Mắt thấy là thật, tai nghe là hư/ trăm nghe không bằng một thấy
4
Khách hàng đầu tiên
Công nhân
Khách hàng
Trưởng nhóm, giám
sát viên, nhân viên bộ
phận hỗ trợ và chức
năng
Bộ phận hỗ trợ, chức năng
người quản lý
Quản lý nhà máy
Takt Time nhu cầu
của khách hàng
nhịp đập
Và một
khách hàng
khác-----
Máy móc
Mối quan tâm của hội
thảo
Hội thảo là nơi tạo ra
giá trị quan trọng
Thông tin và phản hồi
nhận được từ những
người trong xưởng là
một tài sản vô giá
trong công ty.
Con người là nguồn
11
Basic Tool
Use hourly
performance
analysis
board
CONTINUOUS FLOW
PROCESSING
Eliminating the stagnation
of work in and between
processes and carrying out
One-Piece-At-A-Time production
TAKT TIME
The time which Is allowed
to produce a part or
a component
PULL SYSTEM
The system of manufacturing in which
following production processes
withdraw from preceding processes the
parts they need, when they need them
in the exact needed amount. Finished
parts are stocked at the process at
which they were produced.
Machine stop on trouble
trouble in visible
Building quality in
processes
at the Line stop concept
Separate operator work
and machine work
Man power savings
Human
utilization
MATERIAL OPERATOR MACHINE
SMALL LOT
PRODUCTION
Frequent
Conveyance
Constant Volume
Constant Time
(Ex. Every 15 min.)
Flexible
# of Operator
Based on
Sales Speed
(=TAKT TIME)
One Touch
Set-Up
SMED
Commonization
Small Box
One-Piece-
At-A-Time
STANDARDIZED
WORK
Standardized Work
Chart
Standardized Work
Combination Table
Standardized
Production Capacity
Sheet
KANBAN
SYSTEM
(HEIJUNKA)
Leveled
Production
Heijunka Post
Withdrawal
KANBAN
Production
Instruction
KANBAN
Daily leveled
Production
FIXED
POSITION
STORE
Super Market
Store Management
FIFO
POKAYOKE
Equipment
Check Chart
TPM
ANDON
Light and
Melody
Set-Up Call
Material
Shortage
Machine Down
Buzzer
Assist Call
Abnormal
Condition
JUST IN TIME JIDOKA
TPS ( Total Problem Solving ) Lean Production
COST CONTROL DELIVERY CONTROL
QUALITY CONTROL
Pursue efficiency with the minimum labor mechanism to produce
with flexible number of people in accordance with necessary
production volume
DEFINITION OF PRODUCTION RULES
The foundation for method and control
the rules are to be defined considering
quality, quantity and safety
Tool for Improvement
STANDARDIZED WORK
SHOJINKA(FLEXIBLE # OF OPERATOR LINE)
"PLANT MANAGEMENT IS ABNORMALITY MANAGEMENT"
VISUAL CONTROL:
Abnormality should be visualized for anybody and shared quickly. When
abnormal situation occurs, operators can immediately stop line or
machine and solve problems with the best way at Its primary stage.
Determined by Masafumi Suzuki
Object : LEAD TIME
REDUCTION
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
Preliminary Condition:
Daily Leveled Scheduling
One more
JIDOKA
A, B Control
No-work, Full-
work
34
把质量融入过程的步骤
流程A 流程B 流程C
流程 A 流程B 流程C
质检 质检 质检
防错 防错 防错
流程 A 流程 B 流程 C 检验
掺杂进了缺
陷件
浪费
快速地反馈
回去
信息反馈给
供应商
通过在每一道工序进行检查而
使缺陷件绝对不能流到下一道
工序
通过在每一道工序的防错来使
缺陷件绝对无法制造出来和传
递到下一道工序
缺陷件
传统的流程设计
of 客户和供应商的“点对点”关系
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35
TOOLS ( METHOD ) DUE TO FIND OUT WASTE
BASIC CONCEPT TOOLS PURPOSE OF ELIMINATION
KANBAN
OVER PRODUCTION
LEVELED PRODUCTION
JUST SMALL LOT SIZE CONVEYANCE
IN SET-UP TIME REDUCTION
TIME
MULTI PROCESS INVENTORY COST
MULTI MACHINE REDUCTION
FLEXIBLE OPERATOR LINE
WAITING
STANDARDIZED WORK
PROCESSING INCREASE
SEPARATE MACHINE & WORK PRODUCTIVITY
JIDOKA POKA YOKE MOTION
LINE STOP CONCEPT
CORRECTION
SELF STOP MACHINE
T A K T T I M E
A W A R E N E S S
TQM TPM TEAM FOCUSED PERFORMANCE
KAIZEN ACTIVITY BY ALL HANDS
目视化管理工具
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46
Self-diagnosis
Date:
1 There are no unnecessary things in the worksite.
All the aisle and operation sites are easily recognized
by everyone in the worksite.
People knows the reason for all the seemingly unnecessary
things in the worksite.
4 There are no extra (unnecessary) materials or tools.
5 There are no old notices or bulletins left on the wall.
1 The places for materials, parts and tools are specified.
2 The places are maintained by everyone in the workplace.
3 Materials, parts and tools are returned to their places each time.
4 Operation areas are in good order.
5 Shelves, desks and cleaning kits are in good order.
1 Windows are kept clean.
2 Machines and equipments are well maintained.
3 Floors are always kept clean.
4 People know their cleaning responsibly.
5 Empty bottles, empty cans, other trash are separated.
1 Operation sites are proper temperature.
2 Operation sites are cleanly maintained.
3 Machines and equipments are inspected daily or periodically.
4 Machines, equipments, gauges and computers are maintained cleanly.
5 Division lines (tapes) are used and maintained.
1 People greet each other for better job relations.
2 People wear neat uniforms, name tags, caps and safety shoes.
4 Documents are filled in with necessary information.
5 People are always punctual.
5: Excellent. Keep up the good 5S work. 4: Good. Could be improved. 3: Need to understand more 5S better.
2: Bad. 1: Very bad.
4 3 2 1
5 S Classification
2
3
Seiri ( Shifting )
No. Check Items
Points
5
Seito ( Sorting )
Seiso ( Cleaning
Shinning, Spick-
and-span )
Seiketsu
(Standardizing,
Maintaining)
Smoking area, break room, eating and drinking areas are well
maintained.
3
Shitsuke
(Discipline,
Sustaining)
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