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Open Data
Technological Citizenship
& Imagined Futures
June 14th, 2017
Tracey P. Lauriault
Assistant Professor, Critical Media and Big Data
Communication and Media Studies
School of Journalism and Communication
Carleton University
@traceylauriault
Tracey.Lauriault@Carleton.ca
Are more than the unique arrangement of objective
and politically neutral facts
&
they do not exist independently of ideas, techniques,
technologies, systems, people and contexts regardless
of them being presented in that way
Data – big or small
Tracey P. Lauriault, 2012, Data, Infrastructures and
Geographical Imaginations. Ph.D. Thesis,
Carleton University, Ottawa,
http://curve.carleton.ca/theses/27431
Sociotechnical Assemblage (Kitchin 2014)
Open Data Definitions
• 1959 Antarctic Treaty
• 1992 - UNCED – Agenda 21 Chapter 40,
Information for Decision Making
• 1996 Global Map
• 2002 – UNCED – Ageda 21 + 10 Down To Earth
• 2005 - Open Knowledge Foundation (OKNF) -
11 Principles (Licence specific)
• 2007 GEOSS - Data Sharing Principles for the
Global Earth Observing System of Systems
• 2007 - US Open Government Working Group -
8 principles of Open Government Data
• 2007 Science Commons Protocol for
Implementing Open Access Data
• 2007 Sunlight Foundation - 10 Principles for
Opening Up Government Information
• 2007 OECD, Principles and Guidelines for
Access to Research Data from Public Funding
• 2008 OECD, Recommendations on Public
Sector Information
• 2009 W3C - Publishing Open Government Data
• 2010 Tim Berners-Lee 5 Star of Open Data
• 2010 Panton Principles for Open Data in
Science
• 2010 Ontario Information Privacy
Commissioner - 7 Principles
• 2013 Open Economics Principles
• US Association of Computing Machinery
(USACM) – Recommendations on Open
Government
• American Library Association (ALA) – Access to
Government Information Principles
• 2013 G8 Open Data Charter
• 2015 International Open Data Charter
Data Sharing
ARTICLE III
1. In order to promote international cooperation in
scientific investigation in Antarctica, as provided for
in Article II of the present Treaty, the Contracting
Parties agree that, to the greatest extent feasible and
practicable:
(a) information regarding plans for scientific programs
in Antarctica shall be exchanged to permit maximum
economy and efficiency of operations;
(b) scientific personnel shall be exchanged in Antarctica
between expeditions and stations;
(c) scientific observations and results from Antarctica
shall be exchanged and made freely available
Earth Summit 1992, 2002
Agenda 21 – Chapter 40
INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING
40.1. In sustainable development, everyone is a user and provider of
information considered in the broad sense. That includes data, information,
appropriately packaged experience and knowledge. The need for information
arises at all levels, from that of senior decision makers at the national and
international levels to the grass-roots and individual levels. The following two
programme areas need to be implemented to ensure that decisions are based
increasingly on sound information:
a. Bridging the data gap;
b. Improving information availability.
GEOSS
Research
Data
Canada
Archiving, Management and
Preservation of Geospatial Data
National Consultation on Access to
Scientific Data Final Report
(NCASRD)
20101990 1995 2000 2005
National Data Archive
Consultation
(SSHRC)
Stewardship of Research Data in Canada: A Gap Analysis
The dissemination of government geographic
data in Canada: guide to best practices
Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology
Toward a National Digital Information Strategy:
Mapping the Current Situation in Canada (LAC)
Canadian Digital
Information
Strategy (CDIS)
(LAC)
IPY
1985
Open Data
Consultations
Mapping the
Data Landscape:
Report of the
2011 Canadian
Research Data
Summit
Digital Economy Consultation,
Industry Canada
Community Data Roundtable
Privacy (Geo)
Sensitive Data (Geo)
Resolution of
Canada’s Access to Information
and
Privacy
Commissioners
Geomatics Accord Signed
Canadian Geospatial Data Policy
Liberating the Data Proposal
VGI Primer
Cloud (Geo)
OD Advisory
Panel
OGP
G8
• Policies
• Reports
• Proposals
• Recommendations
• Consultation
2008
2015
Int. Open Data
Charter
Open Data
20101990 1995 2000 20051985 2015
Data
Liberation
Initiative (DLI)
Geogratis Data
Portal
GeoBase
Canadian
Internet
Public Policy
Clinic
Maps Data and Government
Information Services
(MADGIC) Carleton U
GeoConnections
GeoGratis
Census Data Consortium
Canadian Association of
Research Libraries
(CARL)
Atlas of Canada
Online (1st)
CeoNet Discovery
Portal
Research Data
Network
How'd they Vote
CivicAccess.ca
Campaign for
Open
Government
(FIPA)
Canadian
Association of
Public Data
Users
Datalibre.ca
VisibleGovernment.ca
I Believe in Open Campaign
Change Camps Start
Nanaimo BC
Toronto
Open Data Portals
Edmonton
Mississauga launches open data
Citizen Factory
B.C.'s Climate Change Data Catalogue
Open Parliament
DatadotGC.ca
Ottawa
Ottawa, Prince George, Medicine Hat
Data.gc.ca
Global TV
Hansard in XML
Langley
Let the Data Flow
GovCamp
Fed. Expenses
Montreal Ouvert
Fed.Gov. Travel and
Hospitality
Expenses
London
Hamilton
Windsor
Open Data Hackfest
Aid Agency
Proactive.ca
DataBC
Hacking
Health
14 Cities
Quebec
Ontario
OGP
3 Cities
Alberta
G8
Community Data Program
FCM Quality of Life Reporting
System
Geographic and
Numeric Information
System (GANIS)
Int. Open
Data
Charter
ODX/PSD
CODS
VancouverG4+1
GO Open
Data
Census
E4D
First Nations
Information
Governance
OCAP
Data as political platforms
Data Communities
Research/scientific
Data
GovData
GeoData
Physical
Sciences
AdminData
Public Sector Data
NGOs
Access to Data Open Data
Social
Sciences
2005
Operations Data
Infrastructural Data
Sensor Data
Social Media Data
AI/Machine Learning Data
Smart Open Data?
2015
Private Sector
IOT
- Smart Cities
- Precision Agriculture
- Autonomous Cars
SM Platforms
Algorithms
P2P – Sharing Economy
Predictive Policing
Surveillance
Digital Labour
Drones
5GPublic/Private Sector Data?
Crowdsourcing
Citizen Science
Civic Teck
OCAP
Local and
Traditional
Knowledge
Data & Technological Citizenship
• Data based technological society
• Where data & technical skills & know how are a form of
political discourse & action
• data are more than unique arrangement of objective and politically
neutral facts
• data do not exist independently of ideas, techniques, technologies,
systems, people and contexts regardless of them being presented in
that way
• data are inseparable from their technological enablers – storage,
computational power, network, ID, ubicomp/IOT – basically
infrastructure
Data Brokers
Some #s
• Acxiom,
• In 2012 23 000 servers
• 50 Trillion transactions a year
• Detailed entries for 190 Million Consumers
• 144 Million households in the US
• +/- 1500 data points per person (NyTimes 2012)
• US $300 Billion dollar industry w/Acxiom recording US $1.1 Billion in
2011
• Sells these data too Wells Fargo, HSBC, automakers and Torch Concepts
w/contracts DoD
• Shift from production orientation toward marketing oriented strategies
(Roderick 2012)
Smart & Intelligent Discourse
‘Smart’ - Actors
• GE
• CISCO
• INTEL
• SIEMENS
• IBM
• Microsoft
What will be encoded?
Open DataTechnological Citizenship& Imagined Futures
CGDI Principles
1. Open:
enables better decision making, the CGDI is
based on open, barrier-free data sharing
and standards that allow users to exchange
data.
2. Accessible:
allows users to access data and services
seamlessly, despite any complexities of the
underlying technology.
3. Evolving:
the network of organizations participating
in the CGDI will continue to address new
requirements and business applications for
information and service delivery to their
respective users.
4. Timely:
the CGDI is based on technologies and
services that support timely or real-time
access to information.
5. Sustainable:
is sustained by the contributions of the participating organizations
and broad user community and through the infrastructure’s
relevance to these groups.
6. Self-organizing
the CGDI enables various organizations to contribute geospatial
information, services and applications, and guide the
infrastructure’s development.
7. User and community driven
emphasizes the nurturing of and service to a broad user community.
These users, including Canadians in general, will drive the CGDI’s
development based on user requirements.
8. Closest to source
maximizes efficiency and quality by encouraging organizations
closest to source to provide data and services. Thereby eliminating
duplication and overlap.
9. Trustworthy
is continually enhanced to protect sensitive and proprietary data.
The CGDI offers this protection through policies and mechanisms
that enable data to be assessed for quality and trusted by users.
Source: : 2012, Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure Vision, Mission and Roadmap - The Way Forward DOI:10.4095/292417
Rights & Principles
1. The right to remain natural, i.e. ‘merely’ biological
and organic
2. The right to be inefficient if, when and where it
defines our basic humanness
3. The right to disconnect
4. The right to be, or remain anonymous
5. The right to employ or engage people instead of
machines
6. The right to data sovereignty
7. Technological citizenship
What kind of data based technological society do we
want?
What does governance look like?
How are open data & corporate responsibility
related?
What do open ‘smart’ sensored cities/farms look
like?
How do we act as a community of data and
technological citizens for the public good?
Open DataTechnological Citizenship& Imagined Futures

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Open Data Technological Citizenship & Imagined Futures

  • 1. Open Data Technological Citizenship & Imagined Futures June 14th, 2017 Tracey P. Lauriault Assistant Professor, Critical Media and Big Data Communication and Media Studies School of Journalism and Communication Carleton University @traceylauriault Tracey.Lauriault@Carleton.ca
  • 2. Are more than the unique arrangement of objective and politically neutral facts & they do not exist independently of ideas, techniques, technologies, systems, people and contexts regardless of them being presented in that way Data – big or small Tracey P. Lauriault, 2012, Data, Infrastructures and Geographical Imaginations. Ph.D. Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, http://curve.carleton.ca/theses/27431
  • 4. Open Data Definitions • 1959 Antarctic Treaty • 1992 - UNCED – Agenda 21 Chapter 40, Information for Decision Making • 1996 Global Map • 2002 – UNCED – Ageda 21 + 10 Down To Earth • 2005 - Open Knowledge Foundation (OKNF) - 11 Principles (Licence specific) • 2007 GEOSS - Data Sharing Principles for the Global Earth Observing System of Systems • 2007 - US Open Government Working Group - 8 principles of Open Government Data • 2007 Science Commons Protocol for Implementing Open Access Data • 2007 Sunlight Foundation - 10 Principles for Opening Up Government Information • 2007 OECD, Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding • 2008 OECD, Recommendations on Public Sector Information • 2009 W3C - Publishing Open Government Data • 2010 Tim Berners-Lee 5 Star of Open Data • 2010 Panton Principles for Open Data in Science • 2010 Ontario Information Privacy Commissioner - 7 Principles • 2013 Open Economics Principles • US Association of Computing Machinery (USACM) – Recommendations on Open Government • American Library Association (ALA) – Access to Government Information Principles • 2013 G8 Open Data Charter • 2015 International Open Data Charter
  • 5. Data Sharing ARTICLE III 1. In order to promote international cooperation in scientific investigation in Antarctica, as provided for in Article II of the present Treaty, the Contracting Parties agree that, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable: (a) information regarding plans for scientific programs in Antarctica shall be exchanged to permit maximum economy and efficiency of operations; (b) scientific personnel shall be exchanged in Antarctica between expeditions and stations; (c) scientific observations and results from Antarctica shall be exchanged and made freely available
  • 6. Earth Summit 1992, 2002 Agenda 21 – Chapter 40 INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING 40.1. In sustainable development, everyone is a user and provider of information considered in the broad sense. That includes data, information, appropriately packaged experience and knowledge. The need for information arises at all levels, from that of senior decision makers at the national and international levels to the grass-roots and individual levels. The following two programme areas need to be implemented to ensure that decisions are based increasingly on sound information: a. Bridging the data gap; b. Improving information availability.
  • 8. Research Data Canada Archiving, Management and Preservation of Geospatial Data National Consultation on Access to Scientific Data Final Report (NCASRD) 20101990 1995 2000 2005 National Data Archive Consultation (SSHRC) Stewardship of Research Data in Canada: A Gap Analysis The dissemination of government geographic data in Canada: guide to best practices Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology Toward a National Digital Information Strategy: Mapping the Current Situation in Canada (LAC) Canadian Digital Information Strategy (CDIS) (LAC) IPY 1985 Open Data Consultations Mapping the Data Landscape: Report of the 2011 Canadian Research Data Summit Digital Economy Consultation, Industry Canada Community Data Roundtable Privacy (Geo) Sensitive Data (Geo) Resolution of Canada’s Access to Information and Privacy Commissioners Geomatics Accord Signed Canadian Geospatial Data Policy Liberating the Data Proposal VGI Primer Cloud (Geo) OD Advisory Panel OGP G8 • Policies • Reports • Proposals • Recommendations • Consultation 2008 2015 Int. Open Data Charter Open Data
  • 9. 20101990 1995 2000 20051985 2015 Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) Geogratis Data Portal GeoBase Canadian Internet Public Policy Clinic Maps Data and Government Information Services (MADGIC) Carleton U GeoConnections GeoGratis Census Data Consortium Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Atlas of Canada Online (1st) CeoNet Discovery Portal Research Data Network How'd they Vote CivicAccess.ca Campaign for Open Government (FIPA) Canadian Association of Public Data Users Datalibre.ca VisibleGovernment.ca I Believe in Open Campaign Change Camps Start Nanaimo BC Toronto Open Data Portals Edmonton Mississauga launches open data Citizen Factory B.C.'s Climate Change Data Catalogue Open Parliament DatadotGC.ca Ottawa Ottawa, Prince George, Medicine Hat Data.gc.ca Global TV Hansard in XML Langley Let the Data Flow GovCamp Fed. Expenses Montreal Ouvert Fed.Gov. Travel and Hospitality Expenses London Hamilton Windsor Open Data Hackfest Aid Agency Proactive.ca DataBC Hacking Health 14 Cities Quebec Ontario OGP 3 Cities Alberta G8 Community Data Program FCM Quality of Life Reporting System Geographic and Numeric Information System (GANIS) Int. Open Data Charter ODX/PSD CODS VancouverG4+1 GO Open Data Census E4D First Nations Information Governance OCAP
  • 10. Data as political platforms
  • 11. Data Communities Research/scientific Data GovData GeoData Physical Sciences AdminData Public Sector Data NGOs Access to Data Open Data Social Sciences 2005 Operations Data Infrastructural Data Sensor Data Social Media Data AI/Machine Learning Data Smart Open Data? 2015 Private Sector IOT - Smart Cities - Precision Agriculture - Autonomous Cars SM Platforms Algorithms P2P – Sharing Economy Predictive Policing Surveillance Digital Labour Drones 5GPublic/Private Sector Data? Crowdsourcing Citizen Science Civic Teck OCAP Local and Traditional Knowledge
  • 12. Data & Technological Citizenship • Data based technological society • Where data & technical skills & know how are a form of political discourse & action • data are more than unique arrangement of objective and politically neutral facts • data do not exist independently of ideas, techniques, technologies, systems, people and contexts regardless of them being presented in that way • data are inseparable from their technological enablers – storage, computational power, network, ID, ubicomp/IOT – basically infrastructure
  • 14. Some #s • Acxiom, • In 2012 23 000 servers • 50 Trillion transactions a year • Detailed entries for 190 Million Consumers • 144 Million households in the US • +/- 1500 data points per person (NyTimes 2012) • US $300 Billion dollar industry w/Acxiom recording US $1.1 Billion in 2011 • Sells these data too Wells Fargo, HSBC, automakers and Torch Concepts w/contracts DoD • Shift from production orientation toward marketing oriented strategies (Roderick 2012)
  • 15. Smart & Intelligent Discourse
  • 16. ‘Smart’ - Actors • GE • CISCO • INTEL • SIEMENS • IBM • Microsoft
  • 17. What will be encoded?
  • 19. CGDI Principles 1. Open: enables better decision making, the CGDI is based on open, barrier-free data sharing and standards that allow users to exchange data. 2. Accessible: allows users to access data and services seamlessly, despite any complexities of the underlying technology. 3. Evolving: the network of organizations participating in the CGDI will continue to address new requirements and business applications for information and service delivery to their respective users. 4. Timely: the CGDI is based on technologies and services that support timely or real-time access to information. 5. Sustainable: is sustained by the contributions of the participating organizations and broad user community and through the infrastructure’s relevance to these groups. 6. Self-organizing the CGDI enables various organizations to contribute geospatial information, services and applications, and guide the infrastructure’s development. 7. User and community driven emphasizes the nurturing of and service to a broad user community. These users, including Canadians in general, will drive the CGDI’s development based on user requirements. 8. Closest to source maximizes efficiency and quality by encouraging organizations closest to source to provide data and services. Thereby eliminating duplication and overlap. 9. Trustworthy is continually enhanced to protect sensitive and proprietary data. The CGDI offers this protection through policies and mechanisms that enable data to be assessed for quality and trusted by users. Source: : 2012, Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure Vision, Mission and Roadmap - The Way Forward DOI:10.4095/292417
  • 20. Rights & Principles 1. The right to remain natural, i.e. ‘merely’ biological and organic 2. The right to be inefficient if, when and where it defines our basic humanness 3. The right to disconnect 4. The right to be, or remain anonymous 5. The right to employ or engage people instead of machines 6. The right to data sovereignty 7. Technological citizenship
  • 21. What kind of data based technological society do we want? What does governance look like? How are open data & corporate responsibility related? What do open ‘smart’ sensored cities/farms look like? How do we act as a community of data and technological citizens for the public good?

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. http://www.ats.aq/documents/keydocs/vol_1/vol1_Volume_1_Complete_Document_e.pdf http://www.scar.org/data-products#_
  2. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/10455/down-to-earth-geographical-information-for-sustainable-development-in-Africa http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf
  3. https://www.earthobservations.org/geoss_dsp.shtml
  4. Not all political parties included all these issues in their platforms, note some of the absences by the Conservatives, and the Bloc while the NDP, Liberals and the Greens made these key platform commitments. How they did so differed greatly, especially when it comes to Science.
  5. geomaticians, researchers, librarians, community developers and journalists
  6. http://publications.arup.com/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=22&v=TscH_zgx1Lc CISCO
  7. Reference: 2012, Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure Vision, Mission and Roadmap - The Way Forward http://ftp2.cits.rncan.gc.ca/pub/geott/ess_pubs/292/292417/cgdi_ip_28e.pdf