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- 1. ONE TRILLION DOLLARS FOR UKRAINE Andrei Illarionov, Head of the Program, Ukrainian Institute for the Future, Kyiv, Ukraine Senior Fellow, Center for Security Policy, Washington, USA President, Institute of Economic Analysis, Moscow, Russia Ukrainian Institute for the Future, Kyiv, October 18, 2021
- 2. 2 Ukraine’s 30 Years Main Achievements, 1991-2021
- 3. 1. Ukraine’s independence All Ukrainian regions voted for independence on 12.01.1991 3
- 4. 2. Ukraine’s anti-imperial choice Per cent of Ukrainians voted for pro-Ukrainian leaders and parties 4
- 5. 3. Ukraine’s statehood Rule of Law Index, V-Dem, 2020 5
- 6. 4. Ukraine’s non-authoritarian political regime Freedom in the World Index, Freedom House, 2021 6
- 7. 5. Ukraine’s ability to defend itself Aggressor’s plans, 2003: Tuzla 7 Тузла
- 8. 5. Ukraine’s ability to defend itself Aggressor’s plans, 2008: “Novorossia” 8
- 9. 5. Ukraine’s ability to defend itself Aggressor’s plans, 2012: “Historic Russia” 9
- 10. 5. Ukraine’s ability to defend itself Aggressor’s plans, 2021: all Ukraine 10
- 11. 5. Ukraine’s ability to defend itself Aggressor’s plans and fact, 2021 11
- 12. 12 Ukraine’s 30 Years Main Failure: Economic Growth
- 13. 13 Ukraine’s GDP per capita in 2020 is 30% less than in 1989 GDP per capita growth index, 1989-2020 (1989=100%) Russia Poland Ukraine Belarus Romania Turkey 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
- 14. 14 Ukraine’s 30 years cumulative economic growth is negative GDP per capita average annual growth rates in 1989-2020, % 3.1 2.7 2.4 1.6 0.6 -1.1 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Poland Turkey Belarus Romania Russia Ukraine
- 15. 15 Ukraine’s GDP per capita in 2020 is one-third of Poland’s GDP per capita in Ukraine as % of Poland, 1989-2020 141.0 46.6 50.4 38.3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1989 2000 2010 2020
- 16. 16 - To solve most of country’s problems (living standards, health, education, social protection, science, defense, foreign policy, etc.) one needs financial resources. - Necessary financial resources can be produced by only economic growth. - Economic growth is the result of entrepreneurial activities of millions of people affected by external environment, social institutions and government policies. Economic growth is the key to success
- 17. 17 - External Security - Internal Rule of Law - Government policies: Optimum Size of Government Three pillars of fast and sustainable economic growth
- 18. 18 External security: NATO membership Frequency of the USSR/Russia aggressions against neighbors per 100 neighbors-years 0.72 0.00 0.97 1.55 0.00 2.72 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Total Against Nato members Against non-Nato members 1945-1991 1991-2014 Source: author’s calculations.
- 19. © ИЭА 19 Legal Institutions and Economic Growth
- 20. Corruption and GDP per capita as % of OECD level, 1998−2019, 173 countries 20
- 21. Rule of Law and GDP per capita as % of OECD level, 1996−2019, 174 countries 21
- 22. 22 Optimum Size of Government
- 23. 23 Relative Size of General Government: • Share of Government employees in total employment • Share of Government-owned assets in all national assets • Share of Government output in total national output • Share of Government investments in total national investments • Share of Government revenues in GDP • Share of Government expenditures in GDP
- 24. 24 Size of Government in the USA Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1789−2020 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1789 1796 1803 1810 1817 1824 1831 1838 1845 1852 1859 1866 1873 1880 1887 1894 1901 1908 1915 1922 1929 1936 1943 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006 2013 2020
- 25. 25 Size of Government in the World Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2020 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
- 26. 26 Size of Government in the World Government expenditure in 3 groups of countries, 1870−2020 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 All countries Developed countries Developing countries Communist and post-Communist countries
- 27. 27 Size of Government and Economic Growth: High-Income Economies
- 28. 28 y = -0,31x + 13,23 R² = 0,29 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in the USA, 1950−2020
- 29. 29 y = -0,371x + 18,856 R² = 0,595 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Germany, 1950−2020
- 30. 30 y = -0,645x + 25,572 R² = 0,681 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Japan, 1950−2020
- 31. 31 Size of Government and Economic Growth in OECD countries, 1960-2020 (24 countries, 6 decades, 144 observations) А 1 percentage point increase in the share of government spending in GDP was accompanied with about a 0.1% decline in average annual GDP growth rate SP60 JA60 GR10 y = -0.11x + 7.18 R² = 0.45 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Average annual GDP growth rates, % Government expenditures as % of GDP
- 32. 32 Size of Government and Economic Growth: Transition Economies
- 33. 33 y = -1,127x + 43,838 R² = 0,40 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Lithuania, 1994−2020
- 34. 34 y = -1,569x + 63,196 R² = 0,547 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Latvia, 1994−2020
- 35. 35 y = -1,074x + 45,619 R² = 0,522 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Estonia, 1994−2020
- 36. 36 y = -0,462x + 16,637 R² = 0,304 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 15 20 25 30 35 40 GDP Growth Rate, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Georgia, 1994−2020
- 37. 37 y = -0,995x + 26,383 R² = 0,274 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Kazakhstan, 1992−2020
- 38. 38 y = -0,966x + 37,336 R² = 0,526 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Russia, 1994−2020
- 39. 39 y = -0,652x + 27,798 R² = 0,142 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 30 35 40 45 50 55 GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Ukraine, 1994−2020
- 40. 40 Alb Arm Aze Bel Bul Cro Cze Est Geo Hun Kaz Kyr Lat Lit Mac Mol Mon Pol Rom Rus Slk Sln Taj Ukr Uzb Chi VN y = -0.1945x + 10.987 R² = 0.6345 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Average Annual GDP Growth Rates, % Government Expenditures as % of GDP Size of Government and Economic Growth in Transition Economies, 1999−2020 (27 countries)
- 41. 41 Russia Romania Brazil Algeria Egypt S.Africa Morocco Turkey Colombia Iran Mexico Argentina Venezuela Peru Thailand Indonesia Ukraine China -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Real GDP Growth Rate, % Government Expenditure as % of GDP y = -0,02x2 + 0,53x + 0,78 R² = 0,88 Economic Growth Curve: Size of Government and Economic Growth in 18 Large Middle-Income Countries, 1991–2000 15- 19% Economic Growth Curve
- 42. 42 Economic Growth Curve in Practice: High-, Middle-, and Low-Income countries
- 43. 43 47.4 Ireland 25.9 37.5 Japan 36.9 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Government expenditure as % of GDP Size of Government in Ireland and Japan, 1979−2018
- 44. 44 8,366 Ireland 43,624 13,163 Japan 24,727 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars 64% 176% GDP per capita in Ireland and Japan, 1979−2018
- 45. 45 3969 Ireland 11295 4939 Japan 9114 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Government Expenditure per capita by 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars 80% 124% Government Expenditure per capita in Ireland and Japan, 1979−2018
- 47. 47 5,345 Chile 16,324 5,968 Mexico 8,595 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars 90% 190% GDP per capita in Chile and Mexico, 1979−2018
- 50. 50 760 China 10,004 895 India 5,453 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars 85% 183% GDP per capita in China and India, 1979−2018
- 52. 52 «Economic Miracles»: doubling size of GDP per capita in 10 years for a period of no less than 10 years
- 53. 53 «Economic Miracles», 1951−2018 (GDP above 50 US$ bn by PPP) Japan, 1951-1973 Spain, 1961-1970 Taiwan, 1962-1992 Portugal, 1964-1973 S. Korea, 1964-1979 S. Korea, 1981-1996 Tailand, 1985-1996 China, 1994-2018 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
- 54. 54 Size of Government in Japan, 1951−2018 23,3-29,8% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 55. 55 Size of Government in Spain, 1951−2018 11,5-22,2% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 56. 56 Size of Government in Taiwan, 1951−2018 15,5-31,6% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 57. 57 Size of Government in Portugal, 1951−2018 20,4-22,2% 0 10 20 30 40 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 58. 58 Size of Government in South Korea, 1951−2018 13,3-21,0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 59. 59 Size of Government in Thailand, 1951−2018 14,1-21,9% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 60. 60 Size of Government in China, 1951−2018 11,8-32,8% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 61. 61 Optimum Size of Government
- 62. 62 Size of Government in «Economic Miracles» Japan Spain Taiwan Portugal Korea Thailand China 12-33% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Government Expenditure as % of GDP
- 63. 63 How to reduce Size of Government?
- 65. 65 Government Expenditure as % of GDP in China, 1979–2001 Debt payments Administration Defense Science Economy and subsidies Social welfare Education and culture Other 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 GDP per cents
- 66. 66 Government Expenditure per capita in China, constant prices, 1979–2001 Debt payments Administration Defense Science Economy and subsidies Social welfare Education and culture Other 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 US$ by PPP in 1999 prices
- 67. 67 China’s Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth
- 69. 69 Russia’s Size of Government Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1992-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
- 70. 70 Russia’s Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth
- 71. 71 Is it possible to reduce Size of Government in Ukraine? Examples of democratic and transition countries.
- 72. 72 Canada: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 73. 73 Finland: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 74. 74 Netherlands: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 75. 75 Ireland: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 76. 76 New Zealand: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 77. 77 Spain: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 78. 78 Sweden: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1950-2019 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019
- 79. 79 Lithuania: Government expenditure as % of GDP, 1991-2019 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
- 80. 80 What happens when Size of Government is reduced?
- 81. 81 Canada: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 2.4 3.2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1982-1995 1996-2007 47.9 41.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 GvtExpend%GDP 1982-1995 1996-2007
- 82. 82 Finland: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 58.4 47.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 GvtExpend%GDP 1991-1998 1999-2007 1.4 3.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1991-1998 1999-2007
- 83. 83 Netherlands: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 51.9 42.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 GvtExpend%GDP 1980-1995 1996-2007 2.1 2.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1980-1995 1996-2007
- 84. 84 New Zealand: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 48.4 38.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 GvtExpend%GDP 1985-1993 1994-2004 1.1 3.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1985-1993 1994-2004
- 85. 85 Spain: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 44.4 38.9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 GvtExpend%GDP 1990-1998 1999-2007 2.5 3.7 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1990-1998 1999-2007
- 86. 86 Sweden: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 61.4 51.7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 GvtExpend%GDP 1990-1998 1999-2007 1.3 3.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1990-1998 1999-2007
- 87. 87 Ireland-1: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 55.2 36.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 GvtExpend%GDP 1980-1988 1989-2007 2.8 6.5 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 Annual Average GDP GR, % 1980-1988 1989-2007
- 88. 88 Ireland-2: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 45.5 26.6 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 GvtExpend%GDP 2008-2014 2015-2019 0.5 10.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Annual Average GDP GR, % 2008-2014 2015-2019
- 89. 89 Slovenia: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 51.8 45.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 GvtExpend%GDP 2009-2014 2015-2019 -1.3 3.5 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Annual Average GDP GR, % 2009-2014 2015-2019
- 90. 90 Lithuania: Size of Government as % of GDP and GDP Growth 40.9 33.9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 GvtExpend%GDP 2008-2011 2012-2019 0.6 3.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Annual Average GDP GR, % 2008-2011 2012-2019
- 91. 91 Ukraine’s Economic Growth: failure in 1992-2020 and possible success in 2022-2040
- 92. Root of the Ukraine’s growth failure: excessive size of government Government revenue, expenditure, deficit as % of GDP, 1992-2020 92
- 93. 93 Excessive Size of Government kills economic growth in Ukraine Government expenditure as % of GDP and GDP Growth
- 94. 94 One Trillion Dollars for Ukraine. National strategy till 2040: • NATO membership • Corruption Perception Index – 6,0 • Rule of Law Index – 65 • Budget Surplus since 2025 • Optimum Size of Government (~ 20% GDP)
- 95. Engine for Ukraine’s economic success: to reach Optimum Size of Government (~20% GDP) by 2040 95
- 96. Ukraine’s GDP in 2017 PPP US$, 1992-2040 96
- 97. Ukraine’s GDP in current US$ bn, 1992-2040 97
- 98. Balassa-Samuelson Effect GDP per capita and price level as % of USA 98
- 99. 99 • Government Revenue as % of GDP – 20,5% • Government Expenditure as % of GDP – 17,5% • Budget Surplus as % of GDP – 3,0% • Financing from the IMF as % of GDP – 0,0% • Price level (USA = 100%) – 47,6% • Real GDP growth rate per annum, 2022-2040 – 7,1% • Real GDP per capita growth rate per annum, 2022- 2040 – 7,6% • Real GDP growth index, 2020-2040 – 3,8 times • Real GDP per capita growth index, 2020-2040 – 4,2 times • GDP in US$ by ER, bn – 1053 • GDP in US$ by PPP in 2017 prices, bn – 1955 • GDP per capita in US$ by ER – 28077 • GDP per capita in US$ by PPP in 2017 prices – 52108 One Trillion Dollars for Ukraine. Expected Results by 2040:
- 100. 100 Thank You for Your attention!