Programme on Climate Information for Resilient Development in Africa
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The NAP-Ag webinar on The Role of Climate Information Services in Adaptation Planning for Agriculture provided insights into the role of Climate Information Services (CIS) in planning for adaptation in agricultural sectors.
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Programme on Climate Information for Resilient Development in Africa
- 1. Case study: Programme on Climate Information for Resilient Development in Africa (CIRDA) Dr. Joost Hoedjes Country Support Specialist on Hydrology CIRDA Programme, UNDP NAP-Ag webinar on Climate Information Services in Adaptation Planning for Agriculture 17 August 2017
- 2. Information for Adaptation Lack of CI is a major cause of low adaptive capacity in Africa Data must be accurate, comprehensive, timely, and consistently maintained (sustainable) Data must be communicated and understood by end users (policy makers, communities, etc.) 2 CIRDA Programme designed in response to African LDCs’ recognition that adaptation can not be achieved without reliable climate and weather information – currently not sufficiently available Image of global radar network: Source WMO Radar Database http://wrd.mgm.gov.tr/db/search-basic.aspx?l=en http://wrd.mgm.gov.tr/db/search-basic.aspx?l=en
- 3. Realities on the ground 3 Accessibility Power and Communications Quality Control Pictures from actual field missions
- 4. ICT gaps 4 Synoptic AWS - Uganda SMS based SYNOP Reported to GTS
- 6. Support • Data and tech transfer • Identify and reach end users • Mainstream/integrate weather/climate information into development planning (NAPs) • Financial sustainability planning/PPP partnerships 11 Partner countries. Objectives • Support NMHS’s in their efforts to collect, analyse and disseminate climate information for long term planning and adaptation • Provide timely, high quality climate information to reach the last mile • Enable policy makers and vulnerable communities to make informed decisions • Save lives and livelihoods What is CIRDA Benin Burkina Faso Ethiopia The Gambia Liberia Malawi SãoTomé and Príncipe Tanzania Uganda Zambia Sierra Leone
- 7. CIRDA VALUE ADD 7Design Thinking Clients Deploy Maintai n Select appropriate technology for environment Ensure sustainability of the network through revenue generation / resource mobilisation / facilitating user feedback Engineering Design Continuous Improvement Established LTA’sEstablished LTA’s
- 8. Non-traditional approaches have potential to support the development and sustainability of weather observing networks 8 Emphasis is on hydrometeorological systems engineering and leapfrog technologies to establish the above sequence of actions.
- 9. A new vision for climate services Technologies are now available that can provide high quality climate and weather information at low cost and can be linked to mobile communication 9 Images from the site installation in Uganda: Sensors were installed on Mobile Telecommunications towers, guaranteed power, security – communications still an issue Integrated Lightning sensor with all in one AWS •Temp / Humidity •Pressure •Wind Speed / Dir •Solar radiation •Separate Automatic Rain-gauge
- 10. What are the advantages Shared hosting services on cloud platforms – data is available in real time 10 Real Time Network view Real Product view (Operational)
- 11. The private sector link •Companies providing weather observation, analysis and communications are increasingly able to support NHMSs •There are many commercial needs for weather services (eg aviation, agriculture, etc.) that can potentially provide revenue supporting NHMSs Partnerships will contribute more broadly to sustainable development goals There is a continued need to support NHMS to provide CI as a public good particularly to the poorest and most vulnerable
- 12. ‘The Last Mile’ Engaged with the Brown Institute for Media Innovation (Columbia University) and IRI to promote the Climate Action Hackathon to create software applications to end users. Some of the products they developed in 24 hours: The Last Mile is the final, most crucial stage for CI. It focuses on the end user, the communities and policy makers. - Knife’s Edge : Analysis “dashboard” to enable ag extension officers to infer climate/weather information for their practice and application; collated, analysed data can then be sent to farmers via push SMS or by scheduling in person meetings - Climar: climate information sharing platform that provides tailored advice in 4 local African languages to different sectors of the economy (call in push service) - #mLisho: SMS (text messages) providing sustainability and market information to nomadic pastoralists based on predictions of range land productivity - Climate Frame: Frames data by defining specific actions that are executed when defined weather events occur; Information provided pictorially via sms
- 13. Conclusions Climate Information (Data, Products, Services) is necessary to develop strong NAPs Many vulnerable countries still need reliable data Technology transfer/purchase is not enough without local capacity, including training, operation and maintenance Gathering and processing data in not sufficient without communication to the end users (including policymakers) NAPs preparation and implementation offer an opportunity to identify this gap at the national level and to access the necessary resources to address this issue Innovative cost effective technologies, public-private partnerships, focus on user needs all aid in ensuring sustainability Need for end-to-end approaches that include the last mile! 13
- 14. 14 A New Vision for Weather and Climate Services in Africa http://adaptation-undp.org/resources/communications- products/new-vision-weather-and-climate-services-africa
Editor's Notes
- This is the picture of the Squall Line that Ulrich took from Burkina Faso. It is pretty cool, and very poignant in terms of climate change that is already a reality and that we need to adapt (sorry but it is the ex REDD person talking here)
- This slide supports the basis for CIRDA: to fill a major gap in adaptation planning as recognized by the LDCs themselves (country driven). The slide also shows the lack of coverage in LDCs and some middle income countries (Africa of course, SIDS, Africa, China) vs the extensive amount of WMO compliant stations reporting in developed economies (look at US, Europe, Australia). Also, such data as is being collected in Africa has traditionally too often been for global climate modeling (i.e. WMO) but does not have the geographic coverage, content, or communication required for providing early alerts. The last bullet also allows us to begin to introduce the concept of the last mile.
- Most hydromet services in Africa are unable to meet national climate and weather service needs (World Bank, STAP-GEF). Lack of training, funds, equipment is ill suited for needs and realities and little if any money is provided for maintenance. Many stations/sites are neglected because they can only be reached by off road vehicles. Although training is provided to technicians, there is no follow up of quality control of installations. (Pic shows pressure sensor that is not plugged in since there was no money to buy an extension cord. The second shows a rain gauge that has no power because the solar panel power station is facing 180 degrees from where the sun is). NOTE PICTURES ARE FROM CIRDA FIELD MISSIONS IN THE PAST YEAR Some equipment purchase is inadequate for the field. This DAVIS weather station is considered a good quality “hobby” weather station. To get data, the user must drive to it and download data manually through the custom interface. Usually there is no battery and they have to improvise. That is Joost connecting the interface to the UNDP car battery.
- Collected data is not communicated. For example, in Uganda the data from AWS is sent via modem to the UNMA head office server where it is stored but not communicated since there is no common interface platform. The manual station to the right of the picture is still used by the observer to craft the SYNOP (text based meteorological data) via sms and email to the Automatic Message Switching System (AMSS). This data is then submitted to the WMO GTS network only
- Collected data is not communicated. For example, in Uganda the data from AWS is sent via modem to the UNMA head office server where it is stored but not communicated since there is no common interface platform. The manual station to the right of the picture is still used by the observer to craft the SYNOP (text based meteorological data) via sms and email to the Automatic Message Switching System (AMSS). This data is then submitted to the WMO GTS network only
- Image from http://info.publicintelligence.net/WIFA_Project_Outline_Executive_Summary.pdf
- The image shows the basic components of the AWS system that is mounted on the cell tower. The installation process can take up to 3 hours with good experience to complete. The standard AWS installation takes up to 3 days min to complete. While there have been concerns regarding the data quality from the sensors and whether they will be affected by the towers and the placement of the sensors above ground (all at 10m), these issues have been addressed by research and will be further validated in the CIRDA program. The meso-scale network is operational at over 8000 locations globally. See station density in weather Philippines application http://weather.com.ph//
- Cellular networks are expanding and are a good way to reach the last mile as the information can be easily tailored. The real time product views show processed model output data, combine with lightning and proxy radar (derived from lightning data). All the products can be made available as ‘building blocks” that can be ingested into third party systems i.e. national weather service websites, commercial website portals. In the case of Uganda, UNMA has authorized a trial of data to be submitted to the HNI 3 2 1 service .
- For the last point -- revenue sharing -- the very recent Uganda example is our best illustration. With 500K from the SCIEWS project they were able to leverage 500K in services from Earth Networks with the potential of leveraging an extra 1 million in shared revenue. This was not a complicated agreement and was a win-win all around. Uganda’s enabling action have also brought more attention to the met services and the government duplicated their initial budget.
- Collecting and processing information is not enough for adaptation, it needs to be communicated. This requires data to be stored in a format that makes it easily accessible for app development. Partnerships and networks (both traditional and new) are key to reaching ‘the last mile’. This is why information should be open and focus on end users. New technologies provide great opportunities. CI needs to be packaged so that it is relevant and actionable. Application development Also it is KEY to state that information needs to be made available in a manner that is accessible for the development of applications (in API format for example). Our hackers were able to develop apps thanks to the info provided by Speedwell, Awhare and IRI. Information by Zambia Met and other met departments was not accessible to them (not in API format). By making information available and open it creates an opportunity for people like our hackers to develop applications needed to communicate climate information in a manner that is relevant. HERE IS THE MOMENT TO ALSO INTRODUCE OUR DIGITIZATION WORK WITH IEDRO WHO SHARES THIS PHILOSHPY.