2. Group name
Rahma Mohamed Muhumed
Sumaya Ibrahim omer
Deka Hussein abdi
Cawo muuse Dahir
Fadxiya muumin Hussein
Ugbad muse Muhumed
Hamda ciise
Naciima Ismael diriye
Nimco xamud dahir
Mushtaq mahad nuur
Xafsa ahmed c/lahi
3. Objectives
Introduction
Clinical manifestation
Complication
Diagnosis test
Causes
Risk factors
Prevention and control
Treatment
Epidemiology
4. Introduction
Typhoid fever is acute illness associated with fever
caused by salmonella typhi bacteria it can also be
caused by salmonella parathyphi a related bacterium
that usually causes a less severe illness
Typhoid fever also known as enteric fever
5. Clinical manifestation
Persistent high temperature that gradually increase
each day
Headache
General aches and pains
Extreme tiredness {fatigue}
Cough
Constipation
As in the infection progresses you may lose your
appetite feel sick and have tummy ache and diarrhea
8. Diagnosis
Blood culture
Test of bone marrow
Urine and stool culture {2nd and 3rd week}
Clot culture
Specific serology test {fluorescent antibody study to
look for substances that are specific to typhoid
bacteria}
Punch-biopsy samples of rose spots culture
9.
10. Causes
Cause by bacteria salmonella typhi
Family-enterobacteriacea
Gram negative bacilii
Best grows at 37c
Transmission
Faecal-oral route
Close contact with patients or carrier
Contaminated water and food
Flies and cockroaches
11. Risk factors
Poor hygiene habit
Poor sanitation conditions
Contact with some one who recently suffered from
typhoid fever
Immunosuppressive illness
Crowded housing
Prolonged illness
Being healthcare worker
Consumption of raw fruits and vegetables
contaminated with sewage
12. Prevention and control
Getting vaccinated
wash foods and drinks before eating
Frequenly hand-washing
Avoid eating street food
Drink boiled water
Eat only throughly cooked food
13.
14. Treatment
Activity –rest is helpful
Medical care
Antibiotics
Corticosteroise {for severe typhoid fever}
Antipyretics
Diet { fluid and electrolytes should be monitored soft
digestible diet is preferable in absence of abdominal
distention and ileus }
Surgical care – in cases of intestinal perforation