1. AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE
27th
km Stone Delhi-Hapur Bypass Road,Ghaziabad-201009,
Uttar Pradesh
A REPORT
ON
“MIGRATION FROM 4G TO 5G”
Submitted by:
Utkarsh Jaiswal
Electronic and Communication Engineering
3rd
Year
1602731166
Umang Khare
Electronics and Communication Engineering
2rd
Year
1702731135
Mohd Anwar
Electronics and Communication Engineering
3rd
Year
1602731081

2. • INTRODUCTION
A great deal of hype is out there, as vendors talk up the next
development in mobile technology, known as 5G. FCC Chairman Tom
Wheeler made a good comparison. He said that one person looking at
the paintings by the Master in the Picasso Museum in Barcelona sees a
different picture to the person next to them. That's what 5G is all about
at the moment — a great picture with lots of different interpretations.
It came as no surprise that KT(Korea Telecom) had a very interesting
display on 5G at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. Telstra, one
of the global telco leaders in 3G and 4G, also made an announcement;
it indicated that it had launched a 5-year plan to work with Ericsson on
their 5G developments.

3. • EVOLUTION TO 5G NETWORK
1G : 1G refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology and
it is a Analog Telecommunication introduced in 1980s. It involves AMPS
family (Advanced Mobile Phone System) which includes AMPS - N-
AMPS and TACS - ETACS and also NMT, C-450, Hicap, Mobitex and
DataTAC.
2G : It was proceeded by 1G and refers to second generation of wireless
cellular technology introduced in 1991. It involves GSM family(GSM,
CSD - HSCSD), 3GPP2 family and AMP family.
3G : It refers to third generation of cellular technology proceeded by 2G
and succeeded by 4G introduced in 2001. It involves 3GPP
family(UMTS) and 3GPP2 family(CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0).
4G : It refers to fourth generation of cellular technology introduced in
2009 proceeded by 3G and succeeded by 5G. It involves 3GPP
family(LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro) and IEEE family(WiMAX).

4. 5G : It refers to fifth generation of cellular technology which involves
3GPP family(NR, LTE-M and NB-IoT) and DECT-5G. It is currently under
development.
• WHAT IS 5G ?
If you buy a compatible phone and live within a large urban area, the
chances are good that you'll be using 5G by the end of 2019.5G is now
one of the most emerging technologies today.
Like the earlier generation 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks, 5G
networks are digital cellular networks, in which the service area
covered by providers is divided into a mosaic of small geographical
areas called cells. Analog signals representing sounds and images are
digitized in the phone, converted by an Analog to Digital converter and
transmitted as a stream of bits. All the 5G wireless devices in a cell
communicate by radio waves with a local antenna array and low power
automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell, over
frequency channels assigned by the transceiver from a common pool of
frequencies, which are reused in geographically separated cells. The
local antennas are connected with the telephone network and the
Internet by a high bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul

5. connection. Like existing cell phones, when a user crosses from one cell
to another, their mobile device is automatically "handed off"
seamlessly to the antenna in the new cell.
• WHY 5G NEEDED ?
As the successor to 4G, 5G is set to completely transform the way we
do business. Bringing enormous data capacity, rapid speeds, and
incredibly low latency, 5G marks a huge step up from its predecessor
.
Not only does 5G promise to boost efficiency and unleash the potential
of automation, but it will also enable us to explore developing
technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).
Autonomous Cars : Autonomous Cars will need to detect obstacles,
interact with smart signs, follow precise maps and communicate with
each other, even with cars made by other manufacturers.Huge
amounts of data will need to be transmitted and processed in real time
in order to ensure passenger safety and only 5G is capable of providing
the capacity, speed, low latency and security needed to bring millions
of autonomous cars to the roads.
Smart Cities : The smart cities of the future will rely heavily on
connected devices, many of which will need to interact with
autonomous cars. Smart buildings will enable businesses to work more
efficiently by regulating energy consumption, while devices such as
smart billboards will enable companies to target consumers more
directly. The 5G-based infrastructure that smart cities will be built on is
set to offer a wide range of opportunities for forward-thinking
businesses.

6. IoT Technology : The Internet of Things (or IoT) is already gaining pace,
but the introduction of 5G will provide the infrastructure to connect
billions more devices to the internet. The increasing number of IoT
devices in the home provides a big opportunity for hardware
manufacturers but the real potential lies in industrial IoT.
Communication And Collaboration : While 5G will provide
infrastructure for all sorts of new business models, its core function is
to serve as a mobile network. As well as helping to streamline
communications, 5G will help organisations to benefit from big data by
improving data transfer speeds.
----
5G technology is a demand of future. If we wanna enter into modern
world that operates via AI and Machine Learning 5G communication
going to play an important role in that.
Let's talk about the major advantages of 5G communication :
• DRAWBACK OF 5G

7. Despite, lot of benefit 5G is always an concern for Us. There are many
researches going on to find out that the frequency used in 5g is
affecting upto what extent to our life figures out some of the major
issues face :
1. Technology is still under process and research on its viability is
going on.
2. The speed, this technology is claiming seems difficult to achieve
(in future, it might be) because of the incompetent technological
support in most parts of the world.
3. Many of the old devices would not be competent to 5G, hence, all
of them need to be replaced with new one — expensive deal.
4. Developing infrastructure needs high cost.
5. Security and privacy issue yet to be solved.
• DEPLOYMENT

8. To ensure the smooth introduction of 5G, operators need to look ahead
and identify the deployment approach which makes best use of existing
investments and best supports their own business strategies.
Deployment process starts from Spectrum Auction to the use of
different technologies on different level like :
a. 5G Experience on phone
b. On Road Application :
c. Connecting IoT Device:
d. Etc.
For all these Various purposes technologies used are :
• 5G NR and 5G Core
• Virtualized RAN
• Federated network
• Distributed Cloud
• Real time machine learning / AI
• CURRENT SCENARIO

9. Many countries are in race to develop their 5G network & their are
some recent developments in implementation of 5G network :
i. South Korea Becomes the first country to deploy 5G network.
Recently Korean company S.K telecom claimed that they launched
country's first 5G service at late night of 3rd April 2019.
ii. China Company Huawei launch their service after South Korea.
iii. American Company Verizon launches its 5G services in two cities
Chicago and Minneapolis.
• COMPARISION BETWEEN 4G AND 5G
Simply said, 5G is widely believed to be smarter, faster and more
efficient than 4G. It promises mobile data speeds that far outstrip the
fastest home broadband network currently available to consumers.
With speeds of up to 100 gigabits per second, 5G is set to be as much as
100 times faster than 4G.

10. • ADVANTAGES OF 5G

11. There are several advantages of 5G technology, Some of the
advantages have been shown in the above Ericsson image, and many
others are described below −
• High resolution and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.
• Technology to gather all networks on one platform.
• More effective and efficient.
• Technology to facilitate subscriber supervision tools for the
quick action.
• Most likely, will provide a huge broadcasting data (in Gigabit),
which will support more than 60,000 connections.
• Easily manageable with the previous generations.
• Technological sound to support heterogeneous services
(including private network).
• CONCLUSION

12. To address 5G applications, there are many developments to be
considered above the introductory model. In order to handle higher
data rates, the operating frequency has to be increased to a millimeter
range from which we can achieve a wider bandwidth. This will result in
higher path loss between transmitters and receivers, so antennas need
to provide higher gain to reach a longer distance.However, this will
significantly reduce the covering range in terms of angle because
the radiation pattern will be very sharp.By optimizing the design and
performance of mobile device antennas, including those just
mentioned, the ideal Internet of Things will be here before we know it,
and we will be ready to embrace the new technology.
• REFERNCES
• https://www.information-age.com/5g-future-
123472007/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
• https://www.rstreet.org/2019/03/13/5g-networks-must-
be-secure-and-reliable/
• https://gizmodo.com/what-is-5g-and-how-will-it-make-
my-life-better-1760847799
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRK0pEvGj3Y