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Visualization of a
                                     new generation of climate
                                  simulations with Avizo Green




Michael Böttinger
Deutsches
Klimarechenzentrum
German Climate Computing Center

                                     Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                  1
DKRZ – who we are
   High Performance Computing Center
   National Service Facility for Climate- and Earth System
    Research
   Limited (non for profit) Company (Shareholder: MPG: 53%,
    University HH: 27%, AWI: 10%, HZG: 10%)




                        Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                               2
High Performance Computing
• IBM "Power6“: 264 Nodes
   • 8448 Cores
   • 158 TeraFlops (sustained)
   • System memory 20 TByte
• Infiniband Interconnect (4xDDR)
• 6 PByte GPFS file system
• Optimized for Climate Modeling
• >100 PByte Archive Capacity

                                               Top500 (06/2009): Rank 27
                                               Top500 (09/2011): Rank 98

                             Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                           3
The Climate System




Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                          4
Atmosphere Model

   Conservation Laws (Momentum, Energy, Mass)
   State Equations
   Radiation
   Boundary Conditions: i.e. Earth Geometry,
    Astronomical Parameters, Distribution of Land
    and Sea

   Differential Equations


                    Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                    5
Atmosphere Models




... approximate solution: finite differences method
 using a 3D-computational grid
                  Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                      6
Climate Models – Data Structures
◦   Georefererenced data -> Mapping
◦   Relatively coarse 3D grids, some quantities only 2D
◦   Grids: rectilinear, curvilinear, rotated, irregular …
◦   Multivariate / scalar and vector fields
◦   Special values
◦   Time axis: very long time series
◦   Coupled models: distinct grids
◦   Multi run experiments (ensembles)




                    Michael Böttinger, DKRZ
A coupled climate model
Sun            Atmosphere          concentrations
                                     (GHG, SO4)



                   Momentum
                   Energy           Land Surface
                   Water

                                     Coupler



                       Ocean    Source: MPI-M


      Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                                                    8
IPCC AR4 / CMIP3
      Scenarios for
    energy production,
                                                              Emission scenarios
      land use, etc.
                                                                    for CO2
                                                                  and other
                                                                gases/aeros.

    Carbon Cycle Model
                                                                 Change in the
                                                                concentration of
                                                                 CO2 and other
?                                                                 gases/aeros.

     Climate Model
                                                                 Climate change
                                                                 (Temperature,
                                                                 Precipitation,…)
                         Michael Böttinger, DKRZ                                          


                                                                                             9
Earth System Model

                        Atmosphere




                         Coupler

                                              Vegetation / Land



Ocean: Physics   Biogeochem.

                    Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                  10
Simulations for
                                CMIP5 / IPCC AR5
   Simulations performed by DKRZ 2010/2011
   Earth System Model MPI-ESM: land biosphere, ocean-
    biogeochemistry (developed by MPI-M)
   Computational demand: factor 60 compared to IPCC AR4
   13 000 simulated model years
   Results: 650 TB raw data, 60 TB in ESG



                      Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                           11
CMIP5 Experiments with MPI-ESM
   Base experiments
    ◦ e.g. the recent history historical 1850 to 2005.

   Projections (Scenarios)
    ◦ 2005 to 2100, and 2005 to 2300, 3 different scenarios

   Decadal climate forecasts
   Role of the carbon cycle with respect to climate change
   Long history
    ◦ e.g. the time 850 to 1850 or the last glacial maximum

                     Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                                                              12
IPCC AR5 Simulations
               Introduction: RCP Scenarios
RCP = Representative Concentration Pathways




     Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                                              13
IPCC AR5 Simulations
          Introduction: RCP Scenarios




Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                                        14
IPCC AR5 Simulations
       Projected Temperature Changes




Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                                        15
IPCC AR5 Simulations
        Projected Temperature Changes




Michael Böttinger, DKRZ

                                         16
Ensemble Mean Temperature Change relative to 1986-2005




                 Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                         17
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          18
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          19
Simulated Sea Ice Concentration for September (blue) and March (white)




                          Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                         20
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          21
Simulated Sea Level Change (without possible contributions of land ice)




                         Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                          22
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          23
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          24
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          25
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          26
Information and Data Access




     Earth System Grid


 IS-ENES Data Access

http://www.dkrz.de/Klimaforschung/konsortial/ipp-ar5/
                Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                        27
Beyond IPCC AR5 simulations
   STORM is a consortium effort aiming at multi-century climate
    change integrations with a high resolution climate model




                          Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                   28
1/10 Deg MPI-OM




Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                            29
Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                          30
Avizo Green
Avizo with domain specific extensions, i.e.
   NetCDF CF-1.0 Reader
    ◦ supports regular, rectilinear, rotated, curvilinear and irregular grids
    ◦ Long time series: streaming for time dependent data
    ◦ Caching in memory
   Map Projections
    ◦ Cylindric Equidistant, Spherical, Mollweide etc.
   „Earth“ Module
    ◦ Textures, LOD techniques
    ◦ Topography / Bathymetry
    ◦ Continental and political Outlines
   HW-based Bump Shading for 2D Slices
   Vector Vis Methods
   Volume Rendering for rectilinear grids
                           Michael Böttinger, DKRZ
Status and Challenges
   High visual quality of the resulting imagery

   (relatively) easy to use.

   DKRZ contributions to Avizo Green:
    ◦ Avizo Green Tutorial (see http://www.dkrz.de/Nutzerportal-
      en/doku/halo/sw/avizo/avizo)
    ◦ Enhanced modules, i.e. DKRZ-Earth, BumpSliceDOI (under development)

   Next generation climate model: unstructured grid -> developed for
    DKRZ, now included in Avizo7 (funded by DKRZ and MPI-M)

   More stability needed
   Scalability: Performance problems with large grids
                               Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                            32
Merci!

boettinger@dkrz.de

http://www.dkrz.de




              Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                        33
Model Configurations
   MPI-ESM LR: T63L47/GR15L40
    ◦ Atmosphere: horizontally ~200 km, 47 height levels (up to 80 km
      height)
    ◦ Ocean: variable resolution between 12 and 150 km, 40 depth levels

   MPI-ESM MR: T63L95/TP04L40
    ◦ Atmosphere: horizontally ~200 km, 95 height levels (up to 80 km
      height)
    ◦ Ocean: variable resolution at 0.4° (~40 km), 40 depth levels

                          Michael Böttinger, DKRZ


                                                                          34

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Visualization of a new generation of climate simulations with Avizo Green

  • 1. Visualization of a new generation of climate simulations with Avizo Green Michael Böttinger Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum German Climate Computing Center Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 1
  • 2. DKRZ – who we are  High Performance Computing Center  National Service Facility for Climate- and Earth System Research  Limited (non for profit) Company (Shareholder: MPG: 53%, University HH: 27%, AWI: 10%, HZG: 10%) Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 2
  • 3. High Performance Computing • IBM "Power6“: 264 Nodes • 8448 Cores • 158 TeraFlops (sustained) • System memory 20 TByte • Infiniband Interconnect (4xDDR) • 6 PByte GPFS file system • Optimized for Climate Modeling • >100 PByte Archive Capacity Top500 (06/2009): Rank 27 Top500 (09/2011): Rank 98 Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 3
  • 4. The Climate System Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 4
  • 5. Atmosphere Model  Conservation Laws (Momentum, Energy, Mass)  State Equations  Radiation  Boundary Conditions: i.e. Earth Geometry, Astronomical Parameters, Distribution of Land and Sea  Differential Equations Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 5
  • 6. Atmosphere Models ... approximate solution: finite differences method using a 3D-computational grid Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 6
  • 7. Climate Models – Data Structures ◦ Georefererenced data -> Mapping ◦ Relatively coarse 3D grids, some quantities only 2D ◦ Grids: rectilinear, curvilinear, rotated, irregular … ◦ Multivariate / scalar and vector fields ◦ Special values ◦ Time axis: very long time series ◦ Coupled models: distinct grids ◦ Multi run experiments (ensembles) Michael Böttinger, DKRZ
  • 8. A coupled climate model Sun Atmosphere concentrations (GHG, SO4) Momentum Energy Land Surface Water Coupler Ocean Source: MPI-M Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 8
  • 9. IPCC AR4 / CMIP3 Scenarios for energy production, Emission scenarios land use, etc. for CO2 and other gases/aeros. Carbon Cycle Model Change in the concentration of CO2 and other ? gases/aeros. Climate Model Climate change (Temperature, Precipitation,…) Michael Böttinger, DKRZ                                           9
  • 10. Earth System Model Atmosphere Coupler Vegetation / Land Ocean: Physics Biogeochem. Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 10
  • 11. Simulations for CMIP5 / IPCC AR5  Simulations performed by DKRZ 2010/2011  Earth System Model MPI-ESM: land biosphere, ocean- biogeochemistry (developed by MPI-M)  Computational demand: factor 60 compared to IPCC AR4  13 000 simulated model years  Results: 650 TB raw data, 60 TB in ESG Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 11
  • 12. CMIP5 Experiments with MPI-ESM  Base experiments ◦ e.g. the recent history historical 1850 to 2005.  Projections (Scenarios) ◦ 2005 to 2100, and 2005 to 2300, 3 different scenarios  Decadal climate forecasts  Role of the carbon cycle with respect to climate change  Long history ◦ e.g. the time 850 to 1850 or the last glacial maximum Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 12
  • 13. IPCC AR5 Simulations Introduction: RCP Scenarios RCP = Representative Concentration Pathways Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 13
  • 14. IPCC AR5 Simulations Introduction: RCP Scenarios Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 14
  • 15. IPCC AR5 Simulations Projected Temperature Changes Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 15
  • 16. IPCC AR5 Simulations Projected Temperature Changes Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 16
  • 17. Ensemble Mean Temperature Change relative to 1986-2005 Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 17
  • 20. Simulated Sea Ice Concentration for September (blue) and March (white) Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 20
  • 22. Simulated Sea Level Change (without possible contributions of land ice) Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 22
  • 27. Information and Data Access Earth System Grid IS-ENES Data Access http://www.dkrz.de/Klimaforschung/konsortial/ipp-ar5/ Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 27
  • 28. Beyond IPCC AR5 simulations  STORM is a consortium effort aiming at multi-century climate change integrations with a high resolution climate model Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 28
  • 29. 1/10 Deg MPI-OM Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 29
  • 31. Avizo Green Avizo with domain specific extensions, i.e.  NetCDF CF-1.0 Reader ◦ supports regular, rectilinear, rotated, curvilinear and irregular grids ◦ Long time series: streaming for time dependent data ◦ Caching in memory  Map Projections ◦ Cylindric Equidistant, Spherical, Mollweide etc.  „Earth“ Module ◦ Textures, LOD techniques ◦ Topography / Bathymetry ◦ Continental and political Outlines  HW-based Bump Shading for 2D Slices  Vector Vis Methods  Volume Rendering for rectilinear grids Michael Böttinger, DKRZ
  • 32. Status and Challenges  High visual quality of the resulting imagery  (relatively) easy to use.  DKRZ contributions to Avizo Green: ◦ Avizo Green Tutorial (see http://www.dkrz.de/Nutzerportal- en/doku/halo/sw/avizo/avizo) ◦ Enhanced modules, i.e. DKRZ-Earth, BumpSliceDOI (under development)  Next generation climate model: unstructured grid -> developed for DKRZ, now included in Avizo7 (funded by DKRZ and MPI-M)  More stability needed  Scalability: Performance problems with large grids Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 32
  • 33. Merci! boettinger@dkrz.de http://www.dkrz.de Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 33
  • 34. Model Configurations  MPI-ESM LR: T63L47/GR15L40 ◦ Atmosphere: horizontally ~200 km, 47 height levels (up to 80 km height) ◦ Ocean: variable resolution between 12 and 150 km, 40 depth levels  MPI-ESM MR: T63L95/TP04L40 ◦ Atmosphere: horizontally ~200 km, 95 height levels (up to 80 km height) ◦ Ocean: variable resolution at 0.4° (~40 km), 40 depth levels Michael Böttinger, DKRZ 34