Challanges in fisheries resources

1.  SUBMITTED TO :-
 Prof. A. A. Vyas
 Associate Professor
 College of Fisheries
 Veraval
 SUBMITTED BY:-
 Vagh Sarman N
 Reg. No: 2030316015
 Roll no: 15
 FRM Department

2.  Fisheries is an important and sun rise sector in India-
it provides employment to millions of people and
contributes to food security of the country. fisheries play a
vital role in economy.
 Presently, fisheries and aquaculture contribute 1.07 per
cent to the national GDP, and 5.30 per cent to agriculture
and allied activities, while the average annual value of
output during (2015-2016) was Rs 30,420.83 crores.

3. Length of coast line 8129 Km
Exclusive economic zone ( EEZ) 2.02 million Sq. km
Continental self 0.506 million Sq. km
No of fish landing centers 1,376
No of fishing villages 3,322
Fisher folk population 35,74,704
Rivers & canals 1,91,024 Km
Reservoir's 3.15 mill ha
Tanks & ponds 2.25 mill ha
Flood plain lakes/derelict waters 7.98 lakh ha
Brackish water 1.24 mill ha
Estuaries 0.29 mill ha

4.  Overfishing
 Pollution
 Habitat destruction and fragmentation
 Aelian species
 Climate change
 Construction of dam on River
 Shipping
 Petroleum

5.  When people catch fish faster than the fish can reproduce.
 Overfishing not only depletes the fish but seriously harms
environment.

6. • Harvesting of non targeted fish.
• By-catch accounts for 40% of global marine catches.
• An estimated 3.83 lakh tonnes of by catch valued at Rs.192 Crores
was landed which formed 27.8 % of the total trawl catch, an
increase of 24% over the previous year in India.

7.  Human activity is the primary agent of degradation.
 Human activities have destroyed, disrupted or degraded a large
proportion of the world’s coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems.
 Approximately 20% of the world's Coral reefs have been destroyed.
 We have destroyed more than 1/3 of the world’s mangrove forests for
shipping lanes.

8.  Dam block the migratory route of various Riverine and marine species.
 Dams also can block the flow of nutrients from ocean environments
upstream into riverine environments by preventing anadromous fishes that
die after spawning (eg, Pacific Salmon) from depositing these nutrients via
carcass decay in upstream reaches.
 Some species shift to new spawning and migration range
 Hilsa almost disappeared from catches above Farakka barrage (after 1972)
in Ganga river.

9.  Invasive species: alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause
economic, environmental or human health harm.
Displacement of native species
Change the community structure (food webs)
Predation
Competition for Resources
Invasive species can serve as disease, pathogens and parasite vectors.

10.  Ocean acidification
 Ozone depletion
 Climate change – Greenhouse effect and Global warming.
Change in natural habitats and food supply
Changing ocean chemistry/acidification

11.  Plastic debris
 Toxins
 Eutrophication
 Thermal pollution
 Radioactive pollution
 Petroleum

12.  Wild life (protection) Act,1972
 Indian fisheries Act,1897
 Environment protection Act, 1986
 The Biological diversity Act,2002
 The Biological diversity Rule,2004
 The water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act,1974
 Marine fisheries regulation Act,1983
 Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act,2005
 Coastal regulation zone act,1991

13. Existing ACT/RULES Salient features
Environmental Protection Act 1986 An umbrella act
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification
1991
Regularizes the various activities in
coastal zone
Hazardous Waste Management Act
1989
Provides guidelines for hazardous
waste management.
Water Act, 1974 Control the pollution of water
Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 Control of pollution from ships and off
shore platforms
Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act,
2005
Making rules for construction and
operation of aquaculture farm in
Coastal Areas.

14. Wild life protection Act, 1972 Protection to marine biota like whale
shark, sea cucumber, corals and fishes.
Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 Protection to explosives or dynamites
Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1978 Guide line to the maritime states –
protection to marine fisheries by
regulating fishing in the territorial waters.
Including mesh size, gear, closed season
Biodiversity Act, 2002 Protect and conserve biodiversity and
sustainable use of its components