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ERb nigeroberogeday P uvNÑefera lwm Fn;ikçús
B¿s 2550
extþát´dMbg
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaFmμbT
vK:TI 1 eQμa¼ymkvK:
222 Y 222
1 ymkvNÑna
1 erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
esckIþxagedIm
manbucäafa ²RB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ½
Fm’’TaMgLay mancitþCaRbFan mancitþRbesIrbMput
mancitþCaFM seRmcGMBIcitþ ebIbuK:lmancitþRtÚveTas
RbTUsþehIy eBalkIþ eFVIkIþ ( nUvTuc©rit ) eRBa¼Tuc©rit
TaMgena¼ TukçrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA dUckg´reT¼
viltamdaneCIgeKaEdlkMBugGUsnwmeTA .
-2- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletS
dUecñ¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´sEmþgenATINa ?
visC¢nafa RB¼Gg:RTg´Rtas´sEmþgenARkúgsavtSI .
manbucäa ( CalMdab´teTA ) fa ²RB¼Gg:RTg´RárB§cMeBa¼
buK:lNa³ ?
manvisC¢nafa ²RB¼Gg:RTg´RárB§RB¼ckçúáletSr ³ .
kudum<Ik_eFVIBiFIsMubuRt
án|fa enAkñúgRkúgsavtSI mankudum<Ik_mñak´ eQμa¼mha
suvNÑ CaGñksþúksþmÖ manRTBü mansm,tþieRcIn ( bu¨Enþ ) min
manbuRt. éf¶mYyKat´áneFVIdMeNIreTAkMBg´Twk gUtTwkeRscehIy
k¾RtLb´mkvij eXIjedImeQIFMEdlCam©as´éRBmYyedIm Ebk
EmksaxaenAtampøÚv k¾Kitfa ²edImeQIen¼RákdCamaneTvta
EdlmanskiþFMenAminxan³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIb[eKCRm¼cMENk
xageRkaménedImeQIena¼[sðatehIy [eFVIrbgBT§CuMvij ekor
xßac´ elIkTg´C&y nigTg´bdaeLIg tubEtgedImeQIena¼ehIy
eFVIesckIþRáfña ( KWbn´Rsn´ ) fa RbsinebI¹ánbuRt ¦FIta
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -3-
Emnena¼ ²¹m©as´nwgeFVInUveRKÓgsk;ar£ FMbUCacMeBa¼elak³ dUecñ¼
ehIy k¾ecosecjeTA .
kudum<Ik_ánbuRtBIrnak´
eRkaymk Priyarbs´esdæIk¾taMgKP’eLIg . esdæIk¾
[BiFIrkßaKP’dl´nag . lu¼knøgeTA 10 Ex nagRbsUt
buRtmñak´ esdæIdak´eQμa¼buRtena¼fa ²ál£³ eRBa¼kUnena¼ án
mkedayGaRs&yedImeQImYyedImFM EdlxøÜnrkßaena¼ .
eRkaymkeTot esdæIk¾ánbuRtmñak´eTot Kat´ándak´
eQμa¼[fa ²culøál£³ dak´eQμa¼buRtc,gfa ²mhaál£³
lu¼kumarTaMgBIrnak´ena¼ceRmInv&yehIy matabitak¾Kitcgeday
cMNg KWkarRKb´RKgpÞ¼ . kñúgkalCacMENkdéT matabita
áneFVIkalkiriyaeTA . BYkjatik¾ebIkXøaMgykRTBüTaMgGs´
RbKl´[esdæIbuRtTaMgBIrnak´ena¼ .
RB¼sasþaRTg´Kg´enAkñúgRkúgsavtSI 25 vsßa
k¾kñúgsm&yena¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´RbkasRB¼Fmμck;d¾bvr
[RbRBwtþeTAehIy esþcyageTAkan´TIcarikedaylMdab´ RTg´
Kg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBnmhavihar EdlGnafbiNÐikesdæIbric©aK
RTBü rab´án 54 ekadisagfVay RTg´TUnμanmhaCn[taMgenA
kñúgpøÚvsUK’ nigpøÚvniBVan .
BitNas´ RB¼tfaKt RTg´Kg´caMvsßaenAkñúgnieRKaF
mhavihar EdlRB¼jativgßxagRB¼mata 8 muWnRtkUl/ xag
bita 8 muWnRtkUl rYmKñaCa 16 muWnRtkUlsagfVayEtmYy
vsßabu¨eNÑa¼/ esþcKg´caMvsßaenAkñúgeCtvnmhavihar Edl
GnafbiNÐikesdæIsagfVay 19 vsßa/ esþcKg´caMvsßaenAkñúg
buBVaram Edlnagvisaxamha«ásikabric©aKRTBü rab´án 27
ekadisagfVay 6 vsßa/ RTg´GaRs&yRtkUlTaMgBIrEdlCaFM
edayKuNFm’ esþcRTg´Kg´caMvsßaenARkúgsavtSI ehIyGaRs&y
RkúgsavtSICaeKacrRKam 25 vsßa edayRbkardUecñ¼ .
GñkTMnukbRmúgPikçúsameNr
TaMgGnafbiNÐikesdæI TaMgvisaxamha«ásika EtgEt
eTAkan´TIbeRmIRB¼tfaKtmYyéf¶BIrdgCaRbcaM . ehIykalnwg
eTAminFøab´manédTeTeTAeT edayKitERkgfa ²PikçúkMela¼ RBm
TaMgsameNrnwgRkeLkemIlnUvédrbs´xøÜn . kaleTAmuneBl
qan´ rEmgeRbIbeRmI[kan´ykrbs´TMBasuICaedImeTACamYy/ kal
eTAeRkayeBlqan´ eRbIbeRmI[kan´ykbBa©ePsC¢£ nigGdæán
eTA . ehIykñúgeKhdæanénelakTaMgBIrena¼ Kat´tak´EtgGasn£
TukedIm,IPikçú 2 Ban´rUbkñúgeKhdæannImYy@ Canic© . PikçúrUbNa
Ráfñarbs´Na eTa¼bICaáy Twk ¦ePsC¢£ rbs´ena¼k¾seRmc
dl´PikçúrUbena¼smdUcRáfña .
esdæIminFøab´TUlsYrbBaHa
bNþaelakTaMgBIrena¼ GnafbiNÐikesdæIminFøab´TUl
sYrbBaHacMeBa¼RB¼sasþamþgNaeLIy . án|fa esdæIKitfa
²RB¼tfaKtCaRB¼BuT§/ EdlCasuxumalCati CakßRtsuxumal-
-6- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
Cati kalRTg´sEmþgFm’dl´eyIg edayRTg´RB¼tRmi¼fa²KhbtI
man«bkar£cMeBa¼tfaKteRcIn dUecñ¼ RB¼Gg:nwgRTg´lMákRB¼
kay³ ehIyminTUlsYrbBaHa edayesckIþRsLaj´kñúgRB¼sasþa
Cay¨agéRkElg. cMENkRB¼sasþa lu¼GnafbiNÐikesdæIGg:úy
ehIy RTg´manRB¼BuT§tRmi¼fa ²esdæIen¼rkßaeyIgkñúgTIEdlmin
KYrrkßa eRBa¼fa eyIgkat´sirsarbs´eyIgEdlRbdab´ehIy/
exV¼dYgRB¼enRtrbs´eyIg[eTACaTan ehIykat´sac´eb¼dUg
rbs´eyIg l¼bg´kUnRbBn§ EdlCaTIRsLaj´esμIedayCIvit
rbs´eyIg[eTACaTan ehIybMeBjármIGs´ 4 Gsegçyü
nigmYyEsnkb, k¾edIm,IsEmþgFm’’dl´GñkdéTbu¨eNÑa¼ esdæIen¼
rkßaeyIgkñúgTIEdlminKYrrkßa³ ( lu¼RTg´BuT§tRmi¼ ) dUecñ¼ehIy
k¾RTg´Rtas´RB¼FmμeTsna 1 kNÐ Canic© .
GñkRkúúgsavtSIeTAsþab´Fm’’
RKaena¼ enAkñúgRkúgsavtSImanmnusß 7 ekadi bNþa
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -7-
mnusßTaMgena¼ Gñkánsþab´Fmμkfarbs´RB¼sasþaehIy án
eTACaGriysavkRbmaN 5 ekadi enACabufuC¢nRbmaN 2 ekadi .
bNþamnusßTaMgena¼ kic©rbs´GriysavkmanRtwmEtBIry¨ag
bu¨eNÑa¼ KWmunPtþ elakfVayTan/ eRkayPtþ elakmanédkan´
eRKÓgsk;arbUCa maneRKÓgRkGUb nigkRmgp;aCaedIm ehIy
eRbImnusß[kan´eTyüFm’’ mansMBt´ ePsC¢£ nigTwkán£
CaedIm eTAedIm,Isþab´Fm’’ .
éf¶mYy kudum<Ik_mhaáleXIjBYkGriysavkmanédkan´
eRKÓgsk;arbUCa maneRKÓgRkGUb nigkRmgp;aCaedIm eTAkan´
vihar eTIbsYrfa ²mhaCnTaMgen¼eTANahñwg ? ³ lu¼án|fa
²eTAsþab´Fm’’ ³ k¾Kitfa ²eyIgeTAEdr³ lu¼eTAdl´viharfVaybg:M
RB¼sasþaehIy Gg:úyenAxagcugRbCuMCn . FmμtaRB¼BuT§TaMg-
Lay kalnwgRTg´sEmþgFm’’ RTg´RtÜtemIl«bnisß&yénKuN
mansrN£ sIl nigbBVC¢a CaedIm ( sin ) ehIy eTIbRTg´
-8- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
sEmþgFm’’tamGFüaRs&y .
GnubuBVIkfa 5 y¨ag
ehtuena¼ éf¶ena¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´TteXIj«bnisß&y
rbs´kudum<Ik_mhaálehIy kalnwgRTg´sEmþgFm’’ ánRtas´
GnuBVIkfa KWRTg´RbkasTankfa(BN’naTan)sIlkfa(BN’na
sIl ) sK:kfa ( BN’nazansYK’ ) GaTInvkfa ( BN’naGMBIeTas
rbs´kamTaMgLay ) enkçmμkfa ( KWBN’naGMBIGanisgßénkar
ecjcakkamTaMgLay ) .
mhaálsuMbYs
kudum<Ik_mhaálánsþab´Fm’’ena¼ehIy Kitfa ²buRt nig
FItakIþ ePaKsm,tþikIþ rEmgeTAtamGñkeTAkan´brelakminán
sUm,IsrIr£k¾eTACamYynwgxøÜnminánpg karEdleyIgenARKb´
RKgpÞ¼ etIánCaRbeyaCn_GVI eyIgnwgbYs/ lu¼eTsnacb´
mhaál£k¾cUleTA Kal´RB¼sasþaTUlsuMbYs³ . xN£ena¼
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -9-
RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrmhaálfa ²jatiNa@ rbs´GñkEdlRtÚv
laminmaneT¦³ ? mhaálTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹
RB¼Gg:manbðÚnRbúsmñak´³ .
RB¼sasþa RTg´Rtas´Ráb´fa ebIdUecña¼ GñkcUrlaeK
( sin ) .
mhaálRbKl´sm,tþi[bðÚnRbús
mhaálTTYlfa ²lðehIy RB¼Gg:³ fVaybg:MRB¼sasþa
ehIy RtLb´eTApÞ¼vij lu¼eTAdl´pÞ¼ehIy k¾[eKehAbðÚn
RbúsmkRbKl´RTBüsm,tþi[fa ²EnbðÚnsmøaj´ sviBaØaNk
RTBükIþ GviBaØaNkRTBükIþ ÉNanImYymanenAkñúgRtkUlen¼ cUr
CaPar£rbs´ÉgTaMgGs´ ÉgcUrRKb´RKgRTBüena¼cu¼³ .
bðÚnRbússYrfa ²bgsmøaj´ k¾bgÉgy¨agem¨c³ ?
bgRbúseqøIyfa ²bgeTAbYskñúgsmñak´RB¼sasþa³ .
bðÚn¿ bgniyayGVI kalmatarbs´¹søab´ehIy ¹ánbg
-10- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
ÉgdUcCamata kalbitasøab´ehIy ánbgÉgdUcCabita .
sm,tþiCaeRcInmanenAkñúgpÞ¼rbs´bg/ bgÉgenARKb´RKgpÞ¼ k¾
GaceFVIbuNüánEdr/ sUmbgkuMeFVIy¨agena¼eLIy .
bg¿ bðÚnsmøaj´bgánsþab´FmμeTsnarbs´RB¼sasþa
manlmðbTedIm bTkNþal nigbTcug elIkeLIgkan´éRt-
lkçN_d¾¾lðitsuxum Fm’’ena¼nrNa@ k¾minGacnwgbMeBj[bri-
bUN’dUcCas&gçEdleKxat´ehIy kñúgPaBCaXravasáneLIy/
bgnwgbYsehIy bðÚnsmøaj´ .
bðÚn¿ eGI bgsmøaj´ }LÚven¼ bgenAekμg kuMGalbYsGI/
caMbgcas´sin swmbYscu¼ .
bg¿ bðÚnsmøaj´ k¾éd nigeCIgrbs´mnusßcas´ ( sUm,I
Et) xøÜn k¾faminsþab´ Ráb´mintam minRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGMNacxøÜn/
nwgeBaleTAfVIdl´jatiTaMgLay bgmineFVI ( tam ) Bakürbs´
ÉgeT/ bgnwgbMeBjsmNFm’’[bribUN’ .
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -11-
éd nigeCIgrbs´GñkNa RTúDeRTameTAeRBa¼Cra
faminsþab´ Ráb´mintam Gñkena¼ mankmøaMgEdl
Crakm©at´ehIy nwgRbRBwtþFm’dUcemþcán .
bgnwgbYs[Tal´Etán N+abðÚnsmøaj´ .
mhaálbBVC¢a«bsm,Ta
kalbðÚnRbúskMBugERskyMena¼Ég/ mhaáláneTAkan´
smñak´RB¼sasþa ehIyTUlsuMbYs ánbBVC¢a«bsm,TaehIy
enAkñúgsmñak´rbs´Gacarü nigRB¼«bCÄay_ 5 vsßa lu¼RKb´ 5
vsßa bvarNaecjvsßaehIy cUleTAKal´RB¼sasþa fVay
bg:MehIy TUlsYrfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn kñúgRB¼sasna
en¼manFur£bu¨nμany¨ag ?³
Fur£ 2 y¨agkñúgRB¼sasna
RB¼sasþaRTg´Rtas´eqøIyfa ²mñalPikçú Fur£man 2 y¨ag
bu¨eNÑa¼ KW KnSFur£ nig vibsßnaFur£³ .
-12- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
RB¼mhaálTUlsYrfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn k¾KnSFur£
ena¼ etIdUcemþc ? vibsßnaFur£dUcemþcEdr ?
s¿ Fur£ KWkareronnikaymYykIþ BIrnikaykIþ cb´BuT§-
vcn£ KWRB¼éRtbidkkIþ tamsmKYrdl´bBaØarbs´xøÜn ehIyRT
RTg´Tuk eBal sEmþg Ráb´ ebIkbgHajnUvBuT§vcn£ena¼ eQμa¼fa
KnSFur£/ cMENkbBaØaEdlBicarNaeXIjsgçarTaMgLayEdl
Gs´eTA nigsUnüeTACaFmμta júaMgvibsßna[ceRmIneday
GMNacénkarCab´tKñaehIy kan´ykRB¼Grhtþrbs´PikçúGñkman
karRbRBwtþiRsal ehIyeRtkGrd¾éRkElgkñúgesnasn£s¶at´
eQμa¼fa vibsßnaFur£ .
m¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:bYsehIy kñúgkal
EdlxøÜnCamnusßcas´ minGacnwgbMeBjKnSFur£[bribUN’án
eT/ bu¨Enþ¹RB¼Gg:nwgbMeBjvibsßnaFur£[bribUN’/ sUmRB¼Gg:
Rtas´Ráb´RB¼kmμdæandl´¹RB¼Gg:cu¼ .
RB¼mhaáleFVIdMeNIreTAkan´RsúkCayEdn
RKaena¼ RB¼sasþa ánRtas´Ráb´RB¼kmμdæanrhUtdl´
RB¼Grhtþ dl´RB¼mhaál . elakfVaybg:MRB¼sasþa
ehIy EsVgrkPikçúEdlCashFmμikánPikçú 60 rUb ehIyecj
eTACamYynwgPikçúTaMgena¼ nimnþeTArhUtGs´cm¶ay pøÚv 120
eyaCn_ dl´RsúkCayEdnmYy k¾cUleTAbiNÐátkñúgRsúkena¼
CamYynwgbrivarrbs´xøÜn .
GñkRsúkRC¼føaGaraFna[enAcaMvsßa
BYkmnusßeXIjPikçúTaMgLay EdlCaGñkdl´RBmeday
vtþehIy k¾mancitþRC¼føa erobcMGasn£ ehIynimnþ[Kg´/
Gg:asedayGahard¾RbNIt@ ehIysYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´
elakm©as´nwgnimnþeTATINa³? PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyfa²mñal«á-
sk nig«ásikaTaMgLay ²BYkGatμanwgeTAkan´TIEdlCaTI
sb,ay³ dUecñ¼ehIy mnusßTaMgLayEdlCabNÐitdwgfa
elak m©as´d¾ceRmInTaMgLay EsVgrkesnasn£edIm,IcaMvsßa³
-14- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
eTIbGaraFnafa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmInTaMgLay ebIelak
m©as´TaMgLayenAcaMvsßaTIen¼rhUtGs´éRtmasen¼ ¹m©as´TaMg
LaynwgtaMgenAkñúgsrN£ ehIyrkßasIl³ . PikçúTaMgLay
k¾KiteXIjdUecñ¼fa ²eyIgGaRs&yRtkUlTaMgen¼nwgeFVITIbMputTukç
án³ eTIbTTYlnimnþ.BYkmnusßdwgfa PikçúTaMgLayTTYlnimnþ
ehIy ánnaMKñaeássMGatvihar erobcMTIsRmab´sRmak eBl
éf¶ nigeBlyb´RbeKn . PikçúTaMgLaycUleTAbiNÐátkñúgRsúk
ena¼CaRbcaM . RKaena¼ eBTümñak´cUleTArkPikçúTaMgLay ehIy
bvarNafa ²elakm©as´d¾ceRmInTaMgLay k¾FmμtakñúglMenAén
mnusßeRcInnak´ rEmgmanCMgWdg;at´xø¼ RbsinebIelakm©as´TaMg
LaymanGaBaF sUmelakm©as´TaMgLayRáb´¹RB¼kruNa
¹RB¼kruNanwgeFVIePsC¢£RbeKn ³ .
RB¼mhaálsmaTanensC¢ikFutg:
kñúgéf¶cUlvsßa RB¼efr£ehAPikçúTaMgena¼mk ( RBmKña )
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -15-
ehIysYrfa ²mñalGñkmanGayuTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaynwg[
éRtmasen¼knøgeTA eday}riyabfbu¨nμan ³ ?
PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyRáb´fa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn
eyIg¹TaMgLay nwg[knøgeTAeday}riyabfRKb´TaMg 4³ .
f¿ mñalGñkmanGayuTaMgLay k¾karena¼smKYr¦ ?
eyIgTaMgLayminKYrCaGñkRbmaTminEmn¦ ? eRBa¼eyIgTaMg-
Lay eronRB¼kmμdæanmkGMBIsmñak´RB¼BuT§ EdlRTg´enAmanRB¼
Cnμ . Fmμtafa RB¼BuT§TaMgLay buK:lGñkeRcInedaykarGYt
Gag minGacjúaMgRB¼Gg:[eRtkGráneT/ eRBa¼fa RB¼BuT§TaMg
Lay mnusßmanGFüaRs&ylð ( EtmYycMBUk ) bu¨eNÑa¼ eTIb
eFVIRB¼Gg:[eRtkGrán/ mü¨ageTot GáyPUmiTaMg4ebIkTVarrg´
caMbuK:lRbmaT ehIybuK:lRbmaT manpÞ¼ KWGáyPUmi 4/Gñk
manGayuTaMgLay sUmGñkTaMgLaykuMmanesckþIRbmaTeLIy.
P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn etIelakm©as´dUcemþcEdr ?
-16- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
f¿ mñalGñkmanGayuTaMgLay ¹nwg[ ( éRtmasen¼ )
(begðan) knøgeTAeday}riyabf 3 nwgminTeRmtxñgeLIy .
P¿ saFu sUmelakm©as´cUrCaGñkminRbmaTcu¼ .
ckçúrbs´mhaálBikar
kalRB¼efr£minQancu¼kan´ni®nÞa/ júaMgkal[knøgeTA
eday}riyabf 3 ánEtmYyExbu¨eNÑa¼/ eraKkñúgEPñkk¾ekIt
eLIg . TwkEPñkhUrecjGMBIEPñkTaMgBIrxag dUcCaTwkTaMgLay
EdlhUrecjGMBIqñaMgFøú¼ . elakbMeBjsmNFm’’rhUtGs´
raRtIehIy kalGruNr¼eLIg cUleTAkan´bnÞb´Gg:úy . kñúg
evlaPikçcar PikçúTaMgLayeTAkan´smñak´RB¼efr£ Ráb´fa²bBiRt
elakd¾ceRmIn evlaen¼CaevlaPikçacar³RB¼efr£eBalfa²mñal
GavuesaTaMgLay ebIdUecña¼ GñkTaMgLaycUrkan´áRt nigcIvreTA
cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy [PikçúTaMgLaykan´áRt nigcIvrrbs´xøÜnecj
eTA .
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -17-
PikçúTaMgLay eXIjEPñkTaMgBIrrbs´RB¼efr£manTwkhUr
ecj eTIbsYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn etIelakm©as´ekIt
eraKGVI ³ ?
f¿ mñalGavuesaTaMgLay xül´cak´edatEPñkrbs´¹ .
P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn eyIgTaMgLayCaGñkEdl
eBTüánbvarNaTukehIyminEmn¦ ? eyIgKb,IRáb´eBTüena¼ .
f¿ RbéBehIy GñkmanGayuTaMgLay .
eBTüpßMfñaMRbeKnRB¼efr£
PikçúTaMgLayk¾ánRáb´erOgena¼dl´eBTü . eBTük¾sø-
eRbgbBa¢ÚneTARbeKn . RB¼efr£kalbnþk´eRbgkñúgRcmu¼ Gg:úy
bnþk´ rYcehIycUleTAkan´Rsúk . eBTüeXIjehIy sYrfa
²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn án|fa xül´cak´edatEPñkrbs´
elakm©as´BitEmn¦ ?
f¿ ceRmInBr «ásk .
-18- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
eB¿ elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹m©as´søeRbgehIybBa¢ÚneTA
( RbeKn ) elakm©as´bnþk´tamRcmu¼ehIy¦ ?
f¿ ceRmInBr «ásk .
eB¿ }LÚven¼ y¨agNaehIy elakm©as´ ?
f¿ mñal«ásk enAEtcak´edatdEdl .
RB¼mhaálKg´bnþk´fñaM
eBTüKitq¶l´kñúgcitþfa ²eyIgbBa¢ÚneRbgeTAedIm,InwgjúaMg
eraK[s¶b´ánedaykarbnþk´RtwmEtmþgbu¨eNÑa¼ eTARbeKnehIy
ehtudUcemþchñ+ eTIberaKenAminTan´s¶b´³ ? eTIbsYrfa ²elak
m©as´d¾ceRmIn eRbgena¼ elakm©as´Kg´bnþk´ ¦k¾swgbnþk´³ ?
RB¼efr£enAes¶óm/ sUm,IeBTüsYreTotk¾minRáb´ .
eBTüKitfa ²eyIgnwgeTAkan´viharemIllMenArbs´elak
edayxøÜnÉg³ dUecña¼ehIy eBalfa ²ebIdUecña¼ sUmelakm©as´
d¾ceRmInnimnþeTAcu¼³ l¼bg´RB¼efr£ehIyeTAkan´vihar emIl
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -19-
lMenArbs´RB¼efr£ eXIjEtTIc®g;m nigTIGg:úy mineXIjTI
edk eTIbsYrfa ²elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn eRbgena¼elakm©as´Kg´
bnþk´ ¦swgbnþk´³ ? RB¼efr£enAes¶óm . eBTüGgVrdEdl@ fa
²elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´kMueFVIy¨agena¼eLIy/ Fmμta
smNFm’’kalragkayenARbRBwtþeTAánbu¨eNÑa¼ eTIbGacbM
eBján/ sUmelakm©as´swgbnþk´cu¼³ .
RB¼ckçúálRbwkßanwgkrC¢kay
RB¼efr£eqøIyfa²mñal«ásk caMGatμaRbwkßaemIlsin .
k¾kñúgTIena¼minmanjatisaelahitrbs´RB¼efr£eT etIRB¼efr£
RbwkßaCamYynwgnrNaeTA ? KWRbwkßanwgkrC¢kay/ etIRbwkßadUc
emþceTA ? RbwkßadUecñ¼fa ²En álit£d¾manGayu GñkcUrfamk
emIl GñknwgeXIjdl´ckçú ¦nwgeXIjdl´RB¼BuT§sasna k¾kñúg
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-20- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
TaMgLayk¾knøgeTAeRcInry eRcInBan´ Gg:ehIy kñúgRB¼
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eLIy³.kaleBalTUnμanPUtkay ánPasitKafaTaMgen¼fa ½
ckçúTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜn cUrsab
sUnüeTAcu¼ RtecokTaMgLayEdlGñkrab´fa Ca
rbs´xøÜn cUrsabsUnüeTAcu¼/ ragkayk¾dUecña¼Edr
EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜncUrsabsUnüeTAcu¼/
sUm,IGvyv£tUc nigGvyv£FM (Gvyv£GaRs&y
nwgGvyv£ ) sUm,ITaMgGs´EdlGaRs&ynUvkay
en¼cUrsabsUnüeTAcu¼/ mñalálit£ eRBa¼ehtuGVI
eTIbGñkRbmaT .
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -21-
ckçúTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜn
cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ RtecokTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´
faCarbs´xøÜn cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ kayk¾dUcKñaEdr
EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜn cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼
Gvyv£tUcFMTaMgGs´ EdlGaRs&ynUvkayen¼
cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ mñalálit£ eRBa¼ehtuemþc
eTIbGñkRbmaT . ckçúTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´
faCarbs´xøÜn cUrEbkFøayeTAcu¼ RtecokTaMg-
Lay EdlGñkrab´faCarbs´xøÜn cUrEbkFøay
eTAcu¼ rUbk¾dUcKñaEdr/ cUrRbRBwtþeTAy¨agena¼cu¼/
sUm,IGvyv£tUcFMTaMgGs´ EdlGaRs&ykayen¼
k¾cUr EbkFøayeTAcu¼/ mñalálit£ eRBa¼ehtuGVI
eTIbGñkRbmaT .
eBTüQb´BüaálRB¼mhaál
RB¼efr£[{vaTxøÜnÉg edayKafa 3 Kafay¨agen¼
ehIy ánGg:úyeFVIntSúkmμ ( bnþk´fñaM ) ehIyeTIbcUleTAkan´
RsúkedIm,IbiNÐát eBTüeXIjehIysYrfa ²elakm©as´d¾cMerIn
elakm©as´eFVIntSúkmμehIy¦³ ?
f¿ ceRmInBr «ásk GatμaPaBeFVIehIy .
eBTü¿ y¨agNaEdr elakm©as´ ?
f¿ mñal«ásk enAEtcak´edatdEdl .
eBTü¿ elakm©as´Gg:úybnþk´ ¦swgbnþk´ ?
RB¼efr£enAes¶óm/ sUm,IeBTüsYreTot k¾minniyayGVI
TaMgGs´ .
xN£ena¼ eBTüeBalnwgelakfa bBiRtelakm©as´d¾
ceRmIn elakm©as´mineFVInUvesckIþsb,ay[dl´xøÜn cab´taMg
BIéf¶en¼eTA sUmelakm©as´kuMeBaleLIyfa eBTüeQμa¼É
eNa¼søeRbg[Gatμa/ sUm,I¹m©as´k¾nwgmineBalfa ²GatμaGj
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -23-
søeRbg RbeKnelak³ .
RB¼efr£EbkFøayckçúRBmnwgkarsMercRB¼Grhtþ
RB¼efr£RtÚveBTüRáb´fa Qb´BüaálehIy RtLb´eTA
kan´vihar Rti¼ri¼fa ²mñalsmN£ eBTüeKRáb´faQb´Büaál
ehIy GñkÉgkuMl¼bg´}riyabfecalN+asmN£³ ehIy
TUnμanxøÜnedayKafaen¼fa ½
²mñalálit£ GñkRtÚveBTüeKRbEkkehIyfa Qb´
BüaálGñkeTotehIy GñkeTogcMeBa¼mc©úraC eRBa¼
ehtuGVI eTIbGñkenARbmaTeTot .
dUecña¼ehIy k¾bMeBjsmNFm’’teTAeTot .
RKaena¼ lu¼mCÄimyamknøgeTAehIy TaMgckçú TaMg
kielsrbs´elakk¾Ebk ( RBmKña ) minmun mineRkayCagKña
elakCaRB¼Grhnþsukçvibsßk£ ehIyk¾cUleTAKg´kñúgbnÞb´ .
BYkPikçú nig GñkRsúkFanaTMnukbRmúgRB¼efr£
kñúgevlaPikçacar PikçúTaMgLayeTARáb´fa ²bBiRtelak
m©as´d¾ceRmIn evlaen¼ CaevlaPikçacar .
f¿ GñkmanGayuTaMgLay dl´evlaehIy¦ ?
P¿ kruNa elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn .
f¿ ebIdUecña¼ GñkTaMgLaycUreTAcu¼ .
P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn cu¼elakm©as´ ?
f¿ mñalGavuesaTaMgLay EPñkrbs´¹EbkFøayehIy .
PikçúTaMgLayRkeLkemIlEPñkrbs´elakehIy CaGñk
manEPñkeBjedayTwkEPñk lYgelamRB¼efr£fa ²bBiRtelak
m©as´d¾ceRmIn elakkuMRBÜyármÖeLIy/ eyIg¹TaMgLay nwg
beRmIelakm©as´³ dUecña¼ehIy eFVIvtþtUc nigvtþFMEdlxøÜnKYreFVI
eRscehIycUleTAkan´Rsúk . BYkmnusßmineXIjRB¼efr£ k¾
sYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´rbs´¹RB¼kruNa
TaMgLayeTAxagNa³ dwgdMNwgnu+¼ehIy bBa¢ÚnbbreTAmun
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -25-
kan´ykbiNÐáteTAxøÜnÉg fVaybg:MRB¼efr£ehIy ERskyM
bRm¼nenoleTobTICiténRB¼áT ( rbs´RB¼efr£ ) lYgelamfa
²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´kuMRBÜyármÖeLIy
¹m©as´TaMgLaynwgFanabeRmIelakm©as´³ ehIyRtLb´eTAkan´
pÞ¼vij . taMgBIena¼mk eKk¾bBa¢Únbbr nigPtþeTARbeKnRB¼
ckçúál EdlKg´enAÉviharCanic© .
cMENkRB¼efr£ k¾[{vaTPikçú 60 rUbeRkAen¼Canic© .
PikçúTaMgLaytaMgenAkñúg{vaTrbs´RB¼efr£ . lu¼Citdl´éf¶
bvarNaecjvsßa k¾seRmcGrhtþRBmTaMgbdismÖiTaRKb´rUb .
BYkPikçúeTAKal´RB¼sasþa
k¾ÉPikçúTaMgLayecjvsßaehIy RáfñanwgKal´RB¼-
sasþa eTIbRáb´RB¼efr£fa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn BYk¹
kruNaTaMgLay RáfñanwgKal´RB¼sasþa³ .
RB¼efr£ ánsþab´Bakürbs´PikçúTaMgLayehIy Kitfa
-26- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
²eyIgCamnusßTuBVlPaBehIy kñúgcenøa¼énpøÚvmanéRB Edl
Gmnusßkan´kab´ kalebIGjeTACamYynwgPikççúTaMgLay Pikçú
TaMgLaynwglMák nigminGacedIm,IánnUvPikça GjnwgbBa¢Ún
PikçúTaMgen¼eTAmun³ . lMdab´ena¼ RB¼efr£k¾eBalnwgPikçúTaMgena¼
fa ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay GñkTaMgLayeTAmuncu¼³ .
P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn cu¼elakm©as´ .
f¿ ¹kruNaCaGñkTuBVlPaB minRtwmEtbu¨eNÑa¼ dgéRB
kñúgcenøa¼pÚøvCaRbeTsEdlmanGmnusßkan´kab´
kalebI¹eTACamYy nwgGñkTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaynwglMák
TaMgGs´Gg: GñkTaMgLay cUreTAmuncu¼ .
kuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy elakm©as´ BYk¹kruNaTaMgLay
nwgeTARBmCamYynwgelakm©as´ .
f¿ ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaykuMeBjcitþ
y¨agen¼eLIy/ naM[EtlMákeT/ bðÚnRbúsrbs´¹eXIjGñkTaMg
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -27-
LayehIy Kg´nwgsYrCaBitRákd kalebIdUecña¼ GñkTaMgLay
Kb,IRáb´fa ¹BikarEPñkehIy mkmináneT eKKg´nwgbBa¢Únnr-
Na@mkkan´smñak´rbs´¹@ nwgeTACamYyeK GñkTaMgLaycUr
fVaybg:MRB¼TsBl nigGsItimhaefr£[¹kruNapg³ dUecñ¼
ehIy k¾bBa¢ÚnPikçúTaMgena¼eTA .
BYkPikçúRáb´dMNwgdl´bðÚnRbúsrbs´RB¼efr£
PikçúTaMgLay xmaeTasRB¼efr£ehIy cUleTAkan´Rsúk.
BYkmnusßnimnþ[Kg´ehIy sYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn
elakm©as´TaMgLaynwgnimnþeTANa¦ ³ ?
PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyfa ²mñal«ásk «ásikaTaMgLay
BYkGatμa eTAKal´RB¼sasþa³ .
BYk«ásk«ásikaGgVrPikçúTaMgena¼eRcIndg bu¨EnþPikçú
TaMgena¼minRBm «ásk «ásikaTaMgena¼dwgfa PikçúTaMgena¼
minRBmtamkarGgVrrbs´xøÜn k¾tamCUnPikçúTaMgena¼eTAánbnþic
-28- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
k¾RtLb´mkvijedayesckþIGaeLa¼Gal&y .
cMENkPikçúTaMgLayeTAdl´vtþeCtBnehIy cUleTAfVay
bg:MRB¼sasþa nigmhaefr£TaMgLaytamBakürbs´RB¼efr£/ lu¼
RBwkeLIg cUleTAkan´fñl´EdlbðÚnRbúsrbs´RB¼efr£enA edIm,I
biNÐát . kudum<Ik_caMPikçúTaMgLayán k¾nimnþ[Kg´ eFVIbdi-
sNæar£ehIy sYrfa ²RB¼efr£Cabgrbs´¹RB¼kruNa enATINa³?
PikçúTaMgLay k¾ánRáb´dMNwgena¼dl´kudum<Ik_ .
kudum<Ik_k¾ERskyMbRm¼nenol enAeTobTICitáTmUlrbs´
PikçúTaMgLay ehIysYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn }LÚven¼
KYreFVIy¨agNaeTIblð ?
bBa¢ÚnsameNrCakμÜyRbúseTATTYlRB¼efr£
P¿ RB¼efr£RtÚvkar[nrNamñak´eTAkan´TIena¼/ kñúgkal
Edlbursena¼eTAdl´ehIy elaknwgmkCamYyeK .
ku¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn bursen¼CakμÜyrbs´¹
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -29-
eQμa¼álit£ sUmelakm©as´TaMgLay bBa¢ÚnburseQμa¼
álit£ en¼eTAcu¼ .
P¿ bBa¢ÚneTAy¨agen¼mináneT ( eRBa¼ ) tampøÚvman
Gnþray RtÚvbYssinswmeTA eTIbán .
ku¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´TaMgLay
eFVIy¨agena¼ehIy bBa¢ÚneTAcu¼ .
RKaena¼ PikçúTaMgLaybMbYsálit£ bgHat´[sikßanUv
vtþbdibtþi mankarTTYlcIvrCaedImGs´knø¼Ex Ráb´pøÚvehIy
bBa¢ÚneTA .
sameNreTAdl´Rsúkena¼ehIy eXIjburscas´mñak´
enAeTobTVarénRsúkena¼ k¾sYrfa ²viharEdltaMgenAkñúgéRB
GaRs&yRsúken¼ manEdr¦eT³ ?
b¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn man .
s¿ elakm©as´Gg:NaKg´kñúgviharena¼ ?
-30- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
b¿ RB¼efr£eQμa¼ ál£ elakm©as´ .
s¿ sUmejamRáb´pøÚvdl´GatμaPaBbnþic .
b¿ elakm©as´CanrNa ?
s¿ GatμaPaBCakμÜyrbs´RB¼efr£ .
sameNrbbYlRB¼mhaefr£RtLb´eTAvij
RKaena¼ burscas´ena¼ naMsameNreTAkan´vihar lu¼
eTAdl´viharehIy sameNrk¾fVaybg:MRB¼efr£ eFVIvtþbdibtþi
beRmIRB¼efr£edayeKarBGs´knø¼Ex ehIyRáb´fa²bBiRtelak
m©as´d¾ceRmIn kudum<Ik_CaG‘°rbs´¹kUNa [nimnþelakm©as´RtLb´
eTAvij sUmelakm©as´nimnþeTACamYy¹kUNacu¼³ .
RB¼efr£eBalfa ²ebIdUecña¼ GñkcUrcab´cugeQIRct´rbs´
eyIgcu¼³ . sameNrcab´cugeQIRct´cUleTAkan´RsúkCamYy
nwgRB¼efr£ . BYkmnusßnimnþ[Kg´ ehIysYrfa ²bBiRtelak
m©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´nwgnimnþeTANa³ ? RB¼efr£eqøIyfa
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -31-
²mñal«ásk«ásikaTaMgLay GatμanwgnimnþeTAfVaybg:MRB¼
sasþa³ . BYkmnusßTaMgena¼GgVredayRbkarepßg@ ( kalmin
ándUcbMNg ) k¾CUnRB¼efr£eTAánBak´kNþalpøÚvehIy naMKña
xßwkxßÜlRtLb´mkvij .
sameNrdl´karvibtþisIleRBa¼sMeLg®sþI
sameNr naMRB¼efr£edaycugeQIRct´eTAdl´RsúkmYy
EdlRB¼efr£Føab´GaRs&yenAeQμa¼ sg;dæ£ EdlenAkñúgéRB .
enAeBlena¼ sameNránán|sMeLgeRcógrbs´®sþI
mñak´ EdlCaGñkecjGMBIRsúkena¼ eRcógbeNþIrerIs«sbeNIþr
enAkñúgéRBena¼ kan´yknimitþkñúgsMeLgena¼ .
BitNas´ minmansMeLgGVIdéT EdlGacpßayeTABas
eBjsrIr£rbs´bursTaMgLay ehIytaMgenAdUcCasMeLg®sþI
eLIy/ eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbRB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçú
TaMgLay tfaKtmineXIjsMeLgGVIdéTsUm,IEtmYy EdlGac
-32- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
júaMgcitþrbs´bursTaMgLay [jab´j&rdUcCasMeLg®sþI
eLIy³ .
sameNrkan´yknimitþkñúgsMeLgena¼ehIy RBElgcug
eQIRct´ehIy eBalfa ²bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´
rg´caMbnþicsin/ kic©rbs´¹man³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾eTAkan´smñak´
rbs´®sþIena¼ . ®sþIena¼eXIjsameNrehIyánQb´es¶óm .
sameNrk¾vibtþisIlCamYynwg®sþIena¼ . RB¼efr£Kitfa ²eyIg
án|sMeLgeRcógkñúgkalGm,aj´mijen¼Ég/ k¾sMeLgena¼Ca
sMeLg®sþI sUm,IsameNrk¾eTAát´yUrEdr/RákdCavinassIl
ehIy³ cMENksameNrena¼ eFVIkic©rbs´xøÜneRscehIy mk
niyayfa bBiRtelakm©as´ eyIgTaMgLaybnþdMeNIreTAmux
eTotcu¼ .
RKaena¼ RB¼efr£sYrsameNrfa ²sameNrGñkkøay
CamnusßGaRkk´ehIy¦³ ? sameNrenAes¶óm sUm,IRB¼efr£
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -33-
sYreTot k¾minniyayGVI@ TaMgGs´ .
RB¼efr£minRBm[sameNrKb´rk
RKaena¼ RB¼efr£eBalnwgsameNrfa ²GñkÉgmincaM
ác´cab´cugeQIRct´rbs´¹kUNaeToteT BIeRBa¼GñkÉgCamnusß
GaRkk´³. sameNrdl´nUvkarsegVK ehIyeda¼sMBt´kasay£
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Lb´CaRKhsSehIy/ mü¨ageTot kal¹kruNabYs k¾minán
bYsedaysT§aEdr bYseRBa¼xøacGnþraytampøÚvbu¨eNÑa¼ sUm
elakm©as´nimnþeTACamYy¹RB¼kruNacu¼ .
RB¼efr£niyayfa ²mñalGñkmanGayu RKhsSGaRkk´kIþ
smN£GaRkk´kIþ k¾GaRkk´dUcEtKña/ GñksUm,ItaMgenAkñúgPaBCa
sameNrehIy k¾minGacedIm,IeFVIKuNRtwmEtsIl[bribUN’
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-34- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
mnusßGaRkk´dUcGñkcab´cugeQIRct´rbs´eyIg mincaMác´man
eT³ .
nayálit£eqøIyfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn pøÚvman
GmnusßeRcIn ehIyckçúrbs´elakm©as´k¾Ebk nwgenAkñúgTIen¼
y¨agNaán³ .
lMdab´ena¼ RB¼efr£eBalnwgsameNrfa ²mñalGñkman
Gayu GñkkuMRBÜyeLIy/ eyIgnwgedksøab´kñúgTIen¼kIþ nwgedk
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rEmgminman³ ( lu¼eBaly¨agen¼ehIy ) RB¼efr£ k¾áneBal
KafaTaMgen¼fa ½
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pøÚvq¶ayknþar£ edkenA ( k¾edaycu¼nwgmineTA )
eRBa¼PaBCasmøaj´kñúgCnBalrEmgminman .
eNHIycu¼ eyIgCaGñkmanckçúxUcehIy mkkan´
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -35-
pøÚvq¶ayknþar£ nwgsøab´k¾edaycu¼nwgmineTA/
eRBa¼PaBCasmøaj´nwgCnBal rEmgminman .
nayálit£ án|Baküena¼ehIy ekItesckIþsegVK
nwkfa ²RKan´EtmYyRsbk´esa¼ eyIgáneFVIkmμmYyd¾EsnF¶n´³
dUecñ¼ehIy xßwkxßÜlsÞú¼cUleTAkan´éRB eKcxøÜnát´eTA .
Gasn£rbs´sk;eTvraCekþA
edayetC£énsIlrbs´RB¼efr£ ( xN£ena¼ ) bNÐú-
km<lsilaGasn£rbs´sk;eTvraCbeNþay 60 eyaCn¾ TTwg
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Rti¼ri¼fa ²nrNahñ+ RáfñanwgjúaMgeyIg[Xøatcakzan³? dUecñ¼
ehIy RTg´RkeLkcu¼mkeRkam áneXIjRB¼efr£edayTiBVckçú .
ehtuena¼RB¼bUraNacarüTaMgLay eTIbeBalfa ½
-36- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
shsßenRt EdlCaesþcénBYkeTvta emIleday
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buK:láb CRm¼eRKÓgciBa©wmCIvit[brisuT§/ shsß-
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kñúgFm’’ eRtkGrkñúgsasna Kg´EtmYyRB¼Gg:Ég
kñúgéRB .
RKaena¼ sk;eTvraCánRTg´Rti¼ri¼fa ²ebIeyIgnwgmineTA
kan´smñak´rbs´elak EdlCaGñkti¼edolbuK:láb F¶n´kñúg
Fm’’Ebbena¼ k,alrbs´eyIgnwgEbkCa 7 cMENk/ eyIgnwg
eTAkan´smñak´rbs´elak³ ( lu¼RTg´RB¼tRmi¼dUecña¼ehIy k¾
esþcyageTA ) .
ehtuena¼ ( bUraNacarüTaMgLayeTIbeBalfa ) ²RKaena¼
eTvraCeQμa¼sk;shsßenRtmanRB¼enRtRCabnUvehtu CaFM
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -37-
CageTvta RTRTg´sirIrbs´eTvraC esþcmkkan´smñak´RB¼efr£
ehIykñúgmYyrMeBc cUleTACitRB¼efr£³ .
lu¼esþccUleTACitehIy RTg´eFVIsMeLgeCIgkñúgTICit
RB¼efr£ .
RKaena¼ RB¼efr£sYrsk;eTvraCfa ²nrNahñwg³ ?
sk;eTvraCeqøIyfa bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼kruNa
CaGñkedIrpøÚvq¶ay ( CaGñkdMeNIr ) .
f¿ mñal«ásk GñkeTATINa ?
s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼kruNaeTAkan´Rkúg
savtSI .
f¿ eTAcu¼ GñkmanGayu .
s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´nimnþeTAkan´TI
NaEdr ?
f¿ GatμaPaBk¾nimnþeTAkan´TIena¼Edr .
-38- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
s¿ ebIdUecña¼ eyIgTaMgLayeTACamYyKñacu¼elakm©as´ .
f¿ GatμaPaBCamnusßTuBVlPaB/ karyWtyUrnwgmandl´
Gñk EdleTACamYynwgGatμaPaB .
s¿ kic©Rbjab´rbs´¹RB¼kruNaminmaneT RbsinebI¹
RB¼kruNaáneFVIdMeNIreTACamYyelakm©as´ena¼ ¹RB¼kruNa
nwgánnUvbuBaØkiriyavtSú 10 Rbkar RbkarNanImYyminxan/
sUmelakm©as´eTACamYynwg¹RB¼kruNacu¼ .
RB¼efr£Kitfa ²nu+¼nwgCasb,úrs³ eTIbeBalfa ²ebIdUecña¼
«áskcUrcab´cugeQIRct´rbs´GatμaPaBcu¼³ .
sk;eTvraCnaMRB¼efr£eTAdl´vtþeCtBn
sk;eTvraC RTg´eFVIy¨agena¼ehIy bMRBÜjEpndI[dl´
vtþeCtBn kñúgevlaresol .
RB¼efr£án|sUrsMeLgt®nþI mans&gç nigrnat CaedIm
ehIysYrfa ²sMeLghñwgenATINa³ ?
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -39-
s¿ RkúgsavtSI elakm©as´ .
f¿ kñúgevlaeTA GatμaPaBeTAGs´evlayUrNas´ .
s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´ ¹RB¼kruNas:al´pøÚvkat´ .
kñúgxN£ena¼ RB¼efr£dwgánfa ²Gñken¼minEmnmnusß
RákdCaeTvta³ .
( ehtuena¼RB¼bUraNacarüTaMgLay eTIbeBalfa )
²sk;eTvraC EdlCaesþcéneTvta RTRTg´sirIrbs´eTvraC
esþcbMRbÜjpøÚvmkdl´RkúgsavtISy¨agqab´rh&s³ .
sk;eTvraCnaMRB¼efr£eTAkan´bNÑsala Edlkudum<Ik_Ca
bðÚnRbúseFVIedIm,IRbeyaCn_dl´RB¼efr£ena¼Ég nimnþ[Kg´elI
bnÞ¼kþar ehIynimμitxøÜnCasmøaj´rbs´culø£ ehIyeTAkan´smñak´
énkudum<Ik_culøál ERskehAfa ²En+ ál£smøaj´³ .
kudum<Ik_culøálERsksYrfa ( sðI ? smøaj´ )
sk;¿ elakándwgfa RB¼efr£mkehIy¦ ?
-40- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
culø£¿ ¹minTan´dwgeT/ k¾RB¼efr£mkehIy¦ ?
sk;eTvraCRtas´fa ²eGI smøaj´ ¹eTAkan´vihareXIj
RB¼efr£Kg´enAkñúgbNÑsala EdlelakeFVITuksRmab´RB¼efr£
Gm,aj´mijen¼Ég³ dUecñ¼ehIy esþck¾eKcecjeTA .
cMENkkudum<Ik_eTAdl´vihar eXIjRB¼efr£eehIy ERsk
yMbRm¼nenolenAeTobáTmUlrbs´RB¼efr£ eBalfa ²elak
m©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼kruNaeXIjehtuen¼ehIy eTIbminRBm[
elakm©as´bYs³ dUecña¼CaedIm ehIyeFVIekμgTas£BIrnak´[Ca
GñkCa[bYskñúgsmñak´rbs´RB¼efr£ ehIypþaMfa ²elakTaMg
Lay cUrnaMykrbs´qan´ manbbr nigáyCaedIm mkGMBIxag
kñúgRsúk«bdæakRB¼efr£³ dUecñ¼ehIy RbKl´kic©ena¼[eFVI .
sameNrTaMgLayk¾eFVIvtþbeRmIRB¼efr£ . éf¶mYy PikçúTaMgLay
GñkenAkñúgTis ( GñkenAkñúgTIdéT ) mkkan´vtþeCtBn eday
bMNgfa ²nwgKal´RB¼sasþa³ fVaybg:MRB¼sasþasYrsuxTukç
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -41-
RB¼GsitImhasavk ehIyRtac´eTAkan´TIcarikkñúgvihar dl´
lMenARB¼ckçúáletSrehIy manmuxeq<a¼eTATIena¼enAevlaresol
edaybMNgfa ²nwgemIlTIena¼³.
kñúgxN£ena¼ mhaemXjúaMgePøóg[Føak´cu¼mk . BYk
elakKitfa ²}LÚven¼resolehIy/ ehIyemXk¾ePøógeTot³
eyIgnwgmkemIleBlRBwk dUecñ¼ehIy k¾RtLb´eTAvij . ePøóg
Føak´kñúgbzmyam Qb´kñúgCmÄimyam . RB¼efr£CaGñk ( Føab´ )
RárB§esckIþBüayamedIrc®g;mCanic©/ ehtudUecñ¼ eTIbcu¼kan´TI
c®g;m nimnþc®g;mkñúgbc©imyam . k¾kñúgkalena¼ emePøógCa
eRcInekIteLIgehIyelIépÞdIEdlmanePøógFøak´fμI@ . kalRB¼
efr£c®g;m eTAmk ánCan´emePøóggab´CaeRcIn .
BYkGenþvasik minTan´áneásTIc®g;mrbs´RB¼efr£enA
eLIy rIÉBYkPikçúeRkAen¼mkedaybMNgfa ²nwgemIllMenArbs´
RB¼efr£³ eXIjstVTaMgLaykñúgTIc®g;mehIy sYrfa ²nrNa
-42- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
c®g;mkñúgTIen¼³ BYksisßrbs´RB¼efr£eqøIyfa ²«bCÄay_rbs´
BYk¹kruNaelakm©as´³ . PikçúTaMgLayti¼edolfa ²GñkTaMg
LaycUremIlkmμrbs´smN£cu¼ kñúgkalEdlmanckçúenACa
elakedkmineFVIGVI kalmanckçúvikl eFVIÉgedIrc®g;m júaMgstV
manCIvit[gab´y¨ageRcIn . BYkPikçúeTARkabTUlRB¼tfaKtkñúg
xN£ena¼fa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn RB¼ckçúáletSrTukxøÜnfa
( c®g;m ) eFVIstVmanCIvitCaeRcIn[gab´³ .
RB¼sasþaRTg´Rtas´sYrfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLayGñkTaMgLay
eXIj elakkMBugeFVIstVmanCIvitCaeRcIn[søab´Edr¦³ .
PikçúTaMgena¼ RkabTUlfa ²mineXIjeTRB¼Gg:³ .
s¿ GñkTaMgLaymineXIjelak ( eFVI ) y¨agNa sUm,I
elakk¾mineXIjstVmanCIvitTaMgena¼dUecña¼Edr mñalPikçúTaMg-
LayEdleQμa¼fa ectnaCaehtujúaMgstV[gab´rbs´RB¼
xINaRsBTaMgLay ( KWbuK:lGñkmanGasv£Gs´ehIy ) rEmg
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -43-
minman .
P¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn kal«bnisß&yénRB¼Grhtþman
ehtudUcemþc eTIbelakkøayCaGñkmanckçúggwteTAvij .
s¿ mñalPikçúTaMgLay edayGMNackmμEdlxøÜneFVITuk
ehIy .
P¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾cMerIn k¾elakáneFVIkmμGVITuk .
buBVkmμrbs´RB¼ckçúál
RB¼sasþaRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay ebIdUecña¼GñkTaMg
LaycUrsþab´edayeKarBcu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy (Rtas´niTanerOgfa ) ½
kñúgGtItkal kalRB¼áTBaraNsI RKb´RKgraC-
sm,tþienAkñúgRkúgBaraNsI eBTümñak´Rtac´eFVIevC¢kmμkñúgRsúk
nigniKm eXIj®sIþEdlmanckçúTuBVlk¾sYrfa ²nagekItGI ³ ?
®sIþena¼eqøIyfa ²¹emIlmineXIj³ .
eBTüeBalfa ²¹nwgeFVIfñaM[nag³ .
-44- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´ sUmelakeFVIcu¼ .
B¿ nag [GVI¹ ?
s¿ RbsinebIelakGaceFVInUvEPñkTaMgLayrbs´¹[ Rt-
Lb´CaRbRktIán/ ¹ nigbuRtFItanwgRBmeFVICaTasaTasIrbs´
elak .
B¿ ²lðehIy nag³ dUecñ¼ehIy pßMfñaM[/ EPñkTaMgLay
RtLb´CaRbRktI edayfñaMEtmYymuxbu¨eNÑa¼ .
®sIþena¼Kitfa ²eyIgánebþCJacMeBa¼eBTüena¼fa ²eyIg
nigbuRtFItaRBmeFVICaTasaTasIrbs´eK³ k¾bu¨EnþeKmuxCanwg
minehArkeyIgedayvacaEdlTn´Pøn´eT eyIgnwgbeBaäateK³ .
kalEdleBTümkehIysYrfa ²mñalnagd¾ceRmIn eraKkñúgEPñk
rbs´nagdUcemþceTAehIy³ ? nagk¾eqøIyfa ²kalmunEPñkTaMg-
Layrbs´¹ cak´edatEtbnþicbnþÜcbu¨eNÑa¼ }LÚven¼ cak´edat
y¨agéRkElg³ . eBTüKitfa ®sIþen¼kuhkeyIg edaymincg´[
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -45-
nUvvtSútictYcEdlCaéføQñÜl eyIgminRtÚvkaréføQñÜlGMBI®sþI
en¼eT/ eyIgnwgeFVI®sþIen¼[xVak´kñúgkal}LÚven¼³ ehIyeTA
kan´pÞ¼Ráb´esckIþena¼dl´Priyarbs´xøÜn . nagánenAesøóm .
eBTüena¼pßMfñaMmYymux ehIyk¾eTAkan´smñak´®sþIena¼ edayRáb´
[bnþk´fñaMfa ²mñalnagd¾ceRmIn cUrnagbnþk´fñaMen¼cu¼³ . EPñk
TaMgBIrxagánrlt´eTAdUcGNþatRbTIbdUecña¼ . eBTüena¼án
( mkekIt ) CackçúálPikçúkñúgkal}LÚven¼ .
RB¼sasþaRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay kmμEdlbuRt
tfaKteFVIehIykñúgkalena¼Cab´tameKGMBIeRkay@ . BitNas´
EdleQμa¼faábkmμ rEmgCab´tamGñkeFVI dUckg´reT¼vileTA
tamsñameCIgeKa ( KWeKaEdleKTwmreT¼pÞúkTMnij ) eKanaMeTAnUv
Fur£³ lu¼RTg´Rtas´erOgen¼ehIy RB¼Gg:CaFmμraCa RTg´án
Rtas´RB¼Kafaen¼bnþGnusn§i dUcRbfab´RB¼raCsasn_ Edlman
dIRbcaMTukehIyedayRB¼raClBa©k; ( Rtarbs´RB¼raCa ) fa ½
-46- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
1 menabuBVg:ma Fmμa menaesdæa menamya
mnsa ec bTuedæn Pasti va kerati va
teta nM TukçmenVti ck;Mv vheta bTM .
Fm’’TaMgLay mancitþCaRbFan mancitþRbesIrbMput
( mancitþCaFM ) seRmcGMBIcitþ ebIbuK:lmancitþRtÚv
eTasRbTUsþehIy eBalkIþ eFVIkIþ ( nUvTuc©rit ) eRBa¼
Tuc©ritTaMgena¼ TukçrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA
dUckg´reT¼viltamdaneCIgeKaEdlkMBugGUsnwmeTA .
GFib,ayKafa
citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmiTaMg 4 mankamavcrkuslcitþ
CaedIm eQμa¼fa ²mena³ kñúgRB¼Kafaen¼ . bu¨EnþcitþEdlekIt
eLIgdl´eBTükñúgkalena¼ KWCaeTasmUlcitþbu¨eNÑa¼ .
bTfa buBVg:ma KW RbkbRBmehIyedaycitþ EdlCa
FmμCati manRbRktIRbRBwtþeTAmun .
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -47-
bTfa Fmμa ERbfa Fm’’TaMgLay EdleQμa¼faFm’’man
4 y¨ag KWKuNFm’’ eTsnaFm’’ briytþiFm’’ nignisßtþniC¢IvFm’’ .
bNþaFm’’TaMg 4 Rbkarena¼ Fmμs&BÞkñúgBaküfa ²Fm’’ nigGFm’’
TaMgBIrRbkaren¼ [plmindUcKña GFm’’rEmgnaMeTAkan´nrk
Fm’’rEmg[dl´ suKti³ .
dUecñ¼eQμa¼fa KuNFm’’ ( ERbfa Fm’’ KWKuN ) . Fmμs&BÞ
kñúgBaküfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay tfaKtnwgsEmþgFm’’manlmð
bTedImdl´GñkTaMgLay³ dUecñ¼CaedIm eQμa¼faeTsnaFm’’ ( ERb
fa Fm’’ KWeTsna ) . Fmμs&BÞkñúgBaküfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay
kulbuRtBYkxø¼kñúgelaken¼ rEmgeronFm’’ KWsut£/ eKyü£ dUecñ¼
CaedIm eQμa¼fa briytþiFm’’ ( ERbfa Fm’’ KWbriytþi ) . Fmμs&BÞ
kñúgBaküen¼fa sm&yena¼ÉgFm’’TaMgLay KWxn§rEmgman³
dUecñ¼CaedIm eQμa¼fa nisßtþFm’’ ( ERbfa Fm’’KWsPav£Edl
minEmnstV ) sUm,In&ykñúgbTfa ²niC¢IvFm’’³ EdlERbfa ( Fm’’ KW
-48- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
sPav£minEmnCIv£ ) k¾dUcKña . bNþaFm’’TaMg 4 Rbkarena¼
nisßtþFm’’ ¦niC¢IvFm’’ RB¼sasþaRTg´RáfñaykkñúgKafaen¼ .
nisßtþFm’’ ¦niC¢IvFm’ena¼ edayGtSk¾ándl´ GrUbkçn§ 3 Rbkar
KW ²evTnaxn§ sBaØaxn§ sgçarkçn§³ . eRBa¼ehtufa GrUbkçn§ 3
Rbkaren¼ eQμa¼fa mancitþCaRbFan .
manBaküsYrfa ²k¾citþmanvtSú 1 manGarmμN_ 1 ekItkñúg
xN£ 1 rlt´kñúgxN£ 1 CamYynwgFm’’TaMgena¼ minmun min
eRkay eQμa¼fa CaRbFanénFm’’TaMgena¼dUcemþc³ ?
manBaküeqøIyfa ²citþmaneQμa¼fa CaRbFanénFm’’TaMg
ena¼ edayGtSfa Cabc©&yjúaMgFm’’TaMgena¼[ekIteLIg . dUc
y¨agfa kalBYkecarCaeRcIneFVIecarkmμ manbøn´GñkRsúkCaedIm
CamYyKña kalmaneKsYrfa ²nrNaCaRbFanénBYkva nrNaCa
bc©&yrbs´BYkva KWBYkvaGaRs&yGñkNa eTIbeFVIkmμena¼án
Gñkena¼ eTa¼bICaeQμa¼Ttþ£k¾eday eQμa¼mtþ£k¾eday eKehA
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -49-
faRbFanrbs´va y¨agNamij Bakü«bemyüEdlCaeRKÓg
júaMgGtS[dl´RBmen¼ bNiÐtKb,Idwgc,as´ dUecñ¼ . citþeQμa¼
faCaRbFanénFm’’TaMgLayena¼ edayGtSfa Cabc©&yjúaMgFm’’
TaMgena¼[ekIteLIg eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Fm’’TaMgena¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa
mancitþCaRbFan/ eRBa¼kalcitþminekIteLIg Fm’’TaMgena¼
minGacnwgekIteLIgán cMENkcitþsUm,IectsikFm’’BYkxø¼min
ekIteLIg k¾GacekIteLIgánEdr . mü¨ageTot citþeQμa¼fa
CaFMénFm’’TaMgLayena¼ edayGMNacCaGFibtI eRBa¼ehtuena¼
Fm’’TaMgena¼ eTIbeQμa¼famancitþCaFM . dUcy¨agfa CnTaMg-
LaymanecarEdlCaRbFanCaedIm EdlCaGFibtI áneQμa¼fa
CaFMénCnTaMgLaymanecarCaedIm y¨agNamij citþEdlCa
GFibtImaneQμa¼fa CaFMénFm’’TaMgena¼dUecña¼Edr eRBa¼ehtuena¼
Fm’’TaMgena¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa mancitþCaFM . mü¨ageTot PNУTaMg
Layena¼@ seRmcehIyGMBIvtSúNa maneQICaedIm k¾eQμa¼
-50- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
fa Carbs´seRmcehIyGMBIeQICaedIm y¨agNa sUm,IFm’
TaMgLayena¼ maneQμa¼faseRmcehIyGMBIcitþ eRBa¼seRmc
mkGMBIcitþ dUecña¼ .
bTfa bTuedæn KWEdleTasmanGPiCÄaCaedIm EdleTIb
crmkfμIRbTUsþehIy . BitNas´ citþRbRktIeQμa¼faPvg:citþ/
Pvg:citþena¼minRtÚveTasRbTUsþeLIy . dUcy¨agfa Twkføa
esAhμgehIy eRBa¼BN’TaMgLay manBN’exovCaedImEdl
eTIbmkfμIcUleTAeFVI[esAhμg CaTwkepßgmanBN’exovCaedIm
nigeQμa¼faTwkfμIk¾minEmn nigeQμa¼faTwkføadUcedIm k¾minEmn
y¨agNamij Pvg:citþRtÚveTas manGPiCÄaCaedImEdleTIbmk
fμIRbTUsþehIy nwgeQμa¼facitþfμIk¾minEmn nwgeQμa¼faPvg:citþ
dEdlk¾minEmn/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbRB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´fa
²mñalPikçúTaMgLay citþen¼CaFmμCatipUrpg´ EtvaesAhμgeRBa¼
«bki;elsTaMgLayEdleTIbmkfμInu+¼Ég³ dUecñ¼ . ebIbuK:lman
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -51-
citþRtÚveTasRbTUsþehIyy¨agen¼ .
áTRB¼Kafafa Pasti va kerati va KWkalbuK:lena¼
niyayrEmgniyayEtvcITuc©rit 4 y¨ag kaleFVIrEmgeFVIEtkay
Tuc©rit 3 y¨ag kalminniyay kalmineFVI eRBa¼kalEdlxøÜn
CaGñkmancitþEdleTas man GPiCÄa CaedIm RbTUsr¨ayehIy
ena¼ rEmgjúaMgmenaTuc©rit 3 y¨ag[eBj . Gkuslkmμbf
10 y¨ag rbs´buK:lena¼ rEmgdl´kareBjeBaredayRbkar
y¨agen¼ . áTRB¼Kafafa teta nM TukçmenVti esckIþfa Tukç
rEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA eRBa¼Tuc©rit 3 y¨agena¼ KWTukçEdl
Capl TaMgRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgcitþ edaybri-
yayy¨agen¼fa TukçmankayCaTItaMgxø¼ TukçmancitþeRkAen¼Ca
TItaMgxø¼ rEmgeTAtamGtþPaBena¼ EdlCaGñkeTAenAkñúgGáy
PUmi 4 kIþ kñúgBYkmnusßkIþ edayGanuPaBénTuc©ritena¼ .
manBaküsYrfa ²TukçrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼dUcCaGVI³ ?
-52- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr
manBaküeqøIyfa dUcCakg´reT¼vileTAtamsñameCIgeKa
EdlnaMeTAnUvFur£dUecña¼/ GFib,ayfa ²dUcCakg´reT¼EdlvileTA
tamsñameCIgeKaEdleKTwmTukhñwgnwmnaMnwmeTA . dUcy¨agfa
vaGUseTAGs´mYyéf¶kIþ BIréf¶kIþ 10 éf¶kIþ knø¼ExkIþ rEmgminGac
[kg´RtLb´viján KWminGacedIm,Il¼bg´nUvkg´eTAán/ kñúgn&y
fa kalvaQaneTAxagmux nwmk¾ebotebon ( sg;t´ ) k ( rbs´
va ) kalvafyeRkaykg´k¾Tg:ic ( kkit ) nUvsac´ePøArbs´va/
kg´ebotebonedayehtu 2 Rbkaren¼ CavtSúEdlRbRBwtþeTAtam
sñameCIgrbs´va y¨agNa/ Tukçkay nigTukçcitþ EdlmanTuc©rit
CamUl rEmgCab´tambuK:lGñkmancitþEdlRtÚveTasRbTUsþ
ehIy júaMgTuc©rit 3 Rbkar[eBjbribUN’ehIy zitenAkñúgTI
EdleKeTAehIy@ mannrkCaedImy¨agena¼Ég .
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -53-
kñúgkalcb´Kafa Pikçú 3000 rUb ánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ
mYyGenøIedaybdismÖiTaTaMgLay . eTsnaánCakfamanRb-
eyaCn_ manplsUm,Idl´bris&TGñkRbCuMKñaehIy dUecñ¼Ég .
( erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr cb´ )
r o s
2 erOgmdækuNÐlI
esckIþxagedIm
cMENkRB¼KafaTIBIrfa ²menabuBVg:ma³ CaedIm RB¼man
RB¼PaK RTg´RárB§mdækuNÐlImaNB sEmþgenAkñúgRkúgsavtSI
ena¼Ég .
RBahμN_eFVIeRKÓgRbdab´[buRt
manesckIþdMNalmkfa enAkñúgRkúgsavtSI manRBahμN_
mñak´eQμa¼ GTinñbuBVk£ . Kat´minFøab´[vtSúGVI @ dl´nrNa @ .
eRBa¼ehtuena¼ mhaCnk¾ándak´eQμa¼[Kat´fa ²GTinñbuBVk£³
Kat´manbuRtmñak´CaTIRsLaj´eBjcitþ . eRkaymk Kat´cg´
edIm,InwgeFVIeRKÓgRbdab´[dl´buRtena¼ k¾Kitfa ²RbsinebIeyIg
CYlCagmas[eFVIk¾nwgRtÚv[Ptþ nigéføQñÜldl´Cag³ dUecña¼
ehIy k¾dMmasedayxøÜnÉg ehIyeFVICaTMhU‘relag@ eRscehIy
[ ( dl´buRtrbs´xøÜn ) eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbbuRtrbs´Kat´án
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -55-
RákdeQμa¼fa mdækuNÐlI³ .
BüaálbuRtxøÜnÉgeRBa¼xøacGs´éføQñÜl
kñúgkalbuRtena¼manGayuán 16 qñaM k¾ekIteraKs:m
elog . mataRkeLkeXIjbuRtehIyk¾niyaynwgRBahμN_
²EdlCasVamI³ fa ²bBiRtRBahμN_ eraKekIteLIgehIydl´buRt
rbs´elak sUmelakrkeBTümkBüaál[vacu¼³ .
RBahμN_eqøIyfa ²En nagd¾ceRmIn RbsinebIGjnwgrk
eBTümk/ GjnwgKb,I[éføQñÜl nigrgVan´dl´eK nagmineXIj
nUvkarxatbg´RTBürbs´eyIgeTGI³ .
nagRBahμNIsYrfa ²bBiRtRBahμN_ kalebIdUecña¼
etIelakeFVIdUcemþceTA³ ?
RBahμN_eqøIyfa ²RTBürbs´eyIgnwgminxatbg´eTAeday
RbkarNa eyIgnwgeFVIy¨agena¼³ .
RBahμN_ena¼eTAkan´smñak´BYkeBTüehIy sYrfa ²BYk
-56- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
elakpßMfñaMdUcemþcdl´GñkCm¶WEdlekIteraKeQμa¼ÉeNa¼³ .
RKaena¼ BYkeBTük¾Ráb´nUvrukçaGvyv£ mansMbkeQICa
edImdl´RBahμN_ena¼ . RBahμN_ ( eTA ) yk¬seQICaedIm
EdlBYkeTBüRáb´ena¼mk ehIyeFVIfñaM[dl´buRtrbs´xøÜn .
kalRBahμN_eFVIfñaMdUecña¼[buRtrbs´xøÜnpwk/ eraKán ( keRmIk
eLIg ) y¨agxøaMgkøa ( rhUt ) cUldl´karEdlminmannrNanwg
Büaálán . RBahμN_dwgfabuRtTuBVlPaBehIy k¾GeBa¢Ij
eBTümñak´mk eBTüena¼ ( mk ) BinitüemIlehIy k¾niyay ( eKc
Ek ) fa ²¹mankic©rvl´ sUmelakGeBa¢IjeBTüdéTmkBüaál
cu¼³ dUecña¼ehIy RbEkknwgRBahμN_ena¼ehIy k¾laeTA .
[buRtedkeRkApÞ¼eRBa¼xøaceKeXIjsm,tþi
RBahμN_dwgfa buRtrbs´xøÜnCitsøab´ehIy k¾Kitfa ²BYk
CnEdlmkedIm,IsYrsuxTukçbuRten¼ eXIjRTBüsm,tþixagkñúg
pÞ¼ eyIgnwgnaMeKecjeTAxageRkA³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbnaMykbuRt
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -57-
ecjmk[edkB§d¾xageRkApÞ¼ .
RB¼BuT§BicarNaeXIj«bnisß&yrbs´mdækuNÐlI
kñúgevlabc©Úsm&ynaéf¶ena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaK esþcecj
GMBIRB¼mhakruNasmabtþi RTg´RbemIlemIlnUvstVelakeday
BuT§ckçú edIm,IEsVgrkBYkstVGñkmanepABgß EdlRB¼Gg:Kb,I
ENnaMán EdlmankuslmUlekIteLIg ehIymanGFikar
EdláneFVITukehIykñúgRB¼BuT§Gg:mun@ ánRTg´pßaysMNaj´
KWRB¼jaNeTAkñúgmuWncRkvaL .
mdækuNÐlImaNB ánRákdB§d¾xagkñúgsMNaj´ KWRB¼
jaN kalEdlxøÜnedkenAB§d¾xageRkApÞ¼ena¼Ég .
RB¼sasþa TteXIjmdækuNÐlIehIy RTg´RCabfa RBahμN_
EdlCabitanaMbuRtecjGMBIxagkñúgpÞ¼ ehIy[edkB§d¾xageRkA
pÞ¼ena¼ RTg´BicarNafa kalEdltfaKtyageTAkan´TIena¼
²nwgmanRbeyaCn_xø¼Edr¦eThñ+³ kMBugRTg´BicarNaena¼Ég k¾
-58- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
áneXIjehtuen¼fa ²maNBena¼nwgjúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfa-
Kt eFVIkalkiriyaehIynwgekItkñúgviman maskMBs´ 30 eyaCn_
kñúgtavtþigßeTvelak mannageTBGbßrCabrivar 1000 . cMENk
RBahμN_eRbImnusß[dutsaksBkUnena¼ehIy yMedIreTAkan´
TIdutena¼ . eTvbuRtnwgrmilemIlnUvGtþPaBkMBs´ 3 Kavut
EdlRbdab´edayeRKÓgGlg;arTm¶n´ 60 reT¼ mannageTBGbßr
Cabrivar 1000 Kitfa ²sirIsm,tþien¼eyIgánedaykmμGVIhñ+³ ?
dUecñ¼ehIy k¾ándwgfa ánedaycitþRC¼føacMeBa¼RB¼tfaKt
Kitfa ²bitaminGeBa¢IjeBTümkpßMfñaM[dl´eyIg eRBa¼xøacERkg
RTBünwgGs´eTA }LÚven¼ eTAkan´á¨qaERskyM/ eyIgnwgeFVIKat´
[dl´Rbkard¾Ebøk³ dUecñ¼ehIy edaykarfñaMgfñak´cMeBa¼bita k¾
nimμitxøÜndUcmdækuNÐlImaNB mkeFVIdUcCaERskyMkñúgTICit
á¨qa . eBlena¼ RBahμN_nwgsYrmaNBena¼fa ²ÉgCa
nrNa³ k¾Ráb´fa ¹CamdækuNÐlImaNB buRtrbs´elak .
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -59-
RBahμN_¿ ÉgeTAekItkñúgPBNa ?
eTvbuRt¿ kñúgPBtavtþigß .
kalRBahμN_sYrfa ²eRBa¼eFVIkmμGVI ³ ? eKnwgRáb´fa eK
júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼tfaKt . RBahμN_nwgsYrtfaKtfa kar
júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼Gg: ( bu¨eNÑa¼ ) ehIy eTAekItkñúgeTv-
elakmanEdr¦³ ? eBlena¼ tfaKtnwgeqøIyRáb´RBahμN_fa
²minmannrNaGacnwgkMNt´edaykarrab´ánfa manRbmaN
b¨ueNѼry ¦bu¨eNѼBan´ ¦k¾bu¨eNѼEsneLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy nwg
sEmþgKafakñúgFmμbT . kñúgkalcb´Kafa karRtas´dwgFm’’nwg
mandl´stV 84000 mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRtnwgánCaesatabnñ/
sUm,IGTinñbuBVkRBahμN_k¾dUcKñaEdr . GaRs&ykulbuRten¼ kar
bUCaFm’’CaeRcInnwgmanedayRbkardUecñ¼/ kñúgéf¶EsðkeLIgRTg´
bdibtþi ( CRm¼ ) RB¼srIr£eRscehIy EdlmanPikçúsgÇmYy
BYkFMEhhm esþccUleTAkan´RkúgsavtSIedIm,IbiNÐát esþc
-60- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
yagdl´TVarpÞ¼rbs´RBahμN_edaylMdab´.
mdækuNÐlIjúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼BuT§Cam©as´
RKaena¼ mdækuNÐlImaNB kMBugedkEbrmuxeTAxagkñúg
pÞ¼ . RB¼sasþaRTg´RCabfa mdækuNÐlImineXIjRB¼Gg:/ eTIb
ánpßayRB¼rsμIeTAmYyBüam. maNBKitfa²BnøWen¼CaBnWøGVI³?
eTIbERbRtLb´mk eXIjRB¼sasþaehIy Kitfa ²eyIgGa-
Rs&ybitaEdlCamnusßGn§Bal eTIbmináncUleTAKal´RB¼
BuT§Cam©as´Ebben¼ edIm,IeFVIesckIþxVl´xVayedaykay ¦fVay
Tan ¦sþab´Fm’’/ }LÚven¼sUm,IEtédTaMgBIrxagrbs´eyIgk¾elIk
minrYc . kic©EdlGjKYreFVIy¨agdéTminman³ dUecñ¼ehIy án
júaMgcitþbu¨eNÑa¼[RC¼føa .
eRBa¼citþRC¼føaeFVIkalkiriyaeTAekItkñúgeTvelak
RB¼sasþaRTg´RB¼tRmi¼fa ²karEdlmaNBen¼ júaMgcitþ
[RC¼føacMeBa¼tfaKtmanRbmaNbu¨eNѼlμmehIy³ k¾esþcRTg´
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -61-
ecosecjeTA kalRB¼tfaKtl¼bg´nUvKnøgckçúbu¨eNÑa¼/ ma-
NBena¼mancitþRC¼føaeFVIkalkiriyaehIy hak´dUcCalk´ehIy
RtLb´PJak´eLIg eTAekItkñúgvimanmaskMBs´RbmaN30eyaCn_
kñúgeTvelak .
RBahμN_xßwkxßÜldl´buRt
cMENkRBahμN_eRbI[eKdutsaksBkUnena¼ehIy Kit
EtBIxßwkxßÜldl´buRt Kat´eTAkan´á¨qaral´@éf¶ yMpg erobrab´
pgfa ²kUnsmøaj´rbs´BukenATINa ? kUnsmøaj´rbs´BukenA
TINa ³ ?
eTvbuRtnimμitkayeTArkRBahμN_
eTvbuRtena¼ RkeLkemIlsm,tþirbs´xøÜnehIy Kitfa
²sm,tþien¼etIeyIgánedaykmμGVI ³ ? kalBicarNaeTAk¾dwg
fa ²ánedaycitþEdlRC¼føakñúgRB¼sasþa dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbKit
teTAfa ²RBahμN_en¼kñúgkalEdleyIgminsb,ay ( manCm¶W )
-62- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
minánGeBa¢IjeBTümkBüaáleT/ }LÚven¼ eTAkan´á¨qaERsk
yM/ eyIgKYrEteFVIKat´[dl´nUvRbkard¾Ebøk³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾nimμit
xøÜndUcmdækuNÐlImaNB Qr{bédyMkñúgTIminq¶ayGMBIá¨qa .
eTvbuRtnigRBahμN_áneqøIyqøgKña
RBahμN_eXIjGakarena¼ehIy k¾Kitfa ²eyIgyMeRBa¼
esaksþayGaela¼Gal&ybuRt/ k¾maNBena¼yMRtÚvkarGVIEdr ?
eyIgnwgsYreKemIl_ ³ dUecñ¼ehIy kalnwgsYr áneBalKafa
en¼fa ½
²GñkRbdab´tubEtgehIy dUcmdækuNÐlI manPar£ KW
kRmgp;amanxøÜnd¾x<s´eLIg edaykareRá¼RBMeday
xøwmcnÞn_manBN’’Rkhm/ Qr{bédTaMgBIrknÞk´kenÞj
enAkNþaléRB etIekItTukçerOgGVI ³ ?
maNBeqøIyfa ½
²ragénrfeFVIedaymasd¾PWøepøk ( CaEdnpßayecjén
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -63-
rsμI ) ekIteLIgehIydl´¹/ ¹minánnUvKUénkg´edIm,I
ragénrfena¼ ¹nwgminmanCIvit eRBa¼esckIþTukçena¼ ³ .
RKaena¼RBahμN_ánniyaynwgmaNBena¼fa ½
²mñalmaNBd¾ceRmIn KUénkg´ena¼ eTa¼bIseRmceday
maskIþ seRmcedayEkvmNIkIþ seRmcedayelah£
kIþ seRmcedayRák´kIþ GñkcUrRáb´¹mkcu¼/ ¹nwgjúaMg
Gñk[ánKUénkg´ena¼³ .
maNBánsþab´nUvBaküena¼ehIy Kitfa ½
²RBahμN_en¼mineFVIfñaM[dl´buRtehIy lu¼mkeXIj
eyIgmanrUbragdUcbuRtrbs´xøÜnkMBugyM k¾niyayfa
eyIgnwgeFVIkg´énrf EdlseRmcedaymasCaedIm[
eNHIycu¼ eyIgnwgp©aj´p©alKat´³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIb
eBalfa ²elaknwgeFVIKUénkg´[dl´¹FMbu¨NÑa ?³kal
RBahμN_ena¼eBalfa etIGñkRtÚvkarTMhMbu¨nμaneTA³
-64- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
eTIbRáb´fa ½
²¹RtÚvkarRB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitüTaMgBIrdYg elakEdl
¹sUmehIy emtþa[nUvRB¼GaTitü nigRB¼c&nÞTaMgBIr
ena¼dl´¹cu¼³ .
maNBena¼eBalteTAeTotfa ½
²RB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitürugerOgkñúgvifITaMgBIr rfrbs´¹
seRmcehIyedaymas rEmglðsmnwgKUénkg´ena¼³ .
lMdab´ena¼RBahμN_niyaynwgmaNBfa ½
²mñalmaNB GñkRáfñarbs´EdlminKYrRáfña Ca
mnusßl¶g´exøAeBkehIy ¹yl´fa GñkRáfñarhUt
dl´søab´k¾nwgminánRB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitüTaMgBIr
ena¼eLIy³ .
xN£ena¼ maNBk¾ánniyayeTAkan´RBahμN_ena¼fa
²k¾buK:lGñkyM RtÚvkarvtSúEdlRákdCamnusßl¶g´exøA ¦fa
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -65-
buK:lGñkyM RtÚvkarvtSúEdlminRákdCamnusßl¶g´exøA³ ? dUecñ¼
ehIy eTIbeBalKafafa ½
²sUm,IkareTA nigkarmkrbs´RB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitük¾
Rákd vNÑFatuKWrsμIénRB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitük¾Rá-
kdenAkñúgvifITaMgBIr ( cMENk ) CnEdleFVIkalkiriya
eTAehIy nrNak¾mineXIj/ bNþaeyIgTaMgBIrEdl
CaGñknÞk´kenÞjenAkñúgTIen¼ etInrNaCamnusßl¶g´
exøACagnrNa³ ?
RBahμN_yl´RBmcu¼caj´ehIysresIreTvbuRt
RBahμN_sþab´Baküena¼ehIy Kitkñúgfa ²maNBen¼
niyayRtÚv³ eTIbeBalKafafa ½
²mñalmaNBd¾ceRmIn GñkniyayBaküen¼ RtwmRtÚv
ehIy bNþaeyIgTaMgBIrEdlCaGñkknÞk´kenÞj ( enA
kñúgTIen¼ ¹Camnusßl¶g´exøACag ¹cg´ánbuRtEdl
-66- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
eFVIkalkiriyaeTAehIymkvij dUcTarkyMcg´ánRB¼c&nÞ³.
dUecñ¼ehIy CaGñkGs´esckIþesakeRBa¼Bakürbs´ma-
NBena¼/ kalnwgsresIrmaNBáneBalKafaTaMgen¼fa ½
²GñkmkeRsacrMlt´nUv¹ EdlCaGñkRtÚvePIøgKWesckIþ
esakduteralralehIy dUcbuK:lrMlt´ePIøgEdleq¼
qñaMgeRbgedayTwk/ ¹rEmgjúaMgesckIþRkvl´Rkvay
TaMgBYg[rlt´án elakbenÞabg´esckIþesakdl´
butþrbs´¹¡EdlesckIþesakRKbsg;t´ehIy ándk
kUnsr KWesckIþesakEdlcak´edath¬T&yrbs´¹
ecján ¹ena¼CaGñkmankUnsr Edlelakdkecj
ehIy CaGñkRtCak´s¶b´rm¶ab´ehIy/ mñalmaNB
¹minesakesA minyMeRBa¼ánsþab´Bakürbs´Gñk³ .
RBahμN_saksYreTvbuRt
RKaena¼ RBahμN_kalnwgsYreTvbuRtfa ²GñkeQμa¼GVI ?³
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -67-
eTIbeBalKafafa ½
²mñalGñkd¾ceRmIn GñkCaeTvta ¦k¾CaKn§B ¦faCa
burinÞTsk;eTvraC/ GñkeQμa¼GVI ? CabuRtrbs´Gñk
Na ? eFVIdUcemþceTA eTIb¹áns:al´Gñk³ ?
RKaena¼ maNBRáb´RBahμN_ena¼fa ½
²GñkdutbuRtNa kñúgéRBsμsanxøÜnÉg ehIyrEmg
knÞk´kenÞj nigyMrkbuRtNa buRtena¼KW¹ eFVIkusl-
kmμehIydl´nUvPaBCasmøaj´rbs´eTvtaCan´tavtþigß .
RBahμN_áneBalfa ½
²kalGñk[Tantic ¦eRcInkñúgpÞ¼rbs´xøÜn ¦rkßa
«eásfkmμ ¦k¾eFVInUvGMeBIEdlCakuslÉNanImYy
ena¼ ¹minEdleXIjeLIy/ GñkeTAkan´eTvelak
áneRBa¼kmμGVI ³ ?
maNBáneBalfa ½
-68- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
²¹maneraKQWlMák mankayrsab´rsl´ enAkñúgpÞ¼
rbs´xøÜn/ ¹áneXIjRB¼BuT§EdlCaGñkRásFUlI KWki-
els/ RB¼Gg:qøgputesckIþsgß&yehIy esþcyag
eTAedaylð manRB¼RáCJaminefakfy/¹ena¼CaGñkman
citþrIkrayehIy mancitþRC¼føaehIy ánfVaynUv
GBa¢lIcMeBa¼RB¼tfaKt .
¹áneFVIkuslkmμena¼ehIy eRkayGMBIcuti k¾ánCa
smøaj´rbs´BYkeTvtaCan´tavtþigß³ .
RBahμN_dl´RB¼BuT§CasrN£
kalmaNBena¼ kMBugniyayerobrab´ena¼Ég srIr£TaMg
Gs´rbs´RBahμN_k¾eBareBjedaybIti . RBahμN_ena¼ kal
nwgRbkasbItiena¼ eTIbeBalfa ½
²KYrGs©arüNas´hñ+ KYr[cEmøkNas´hñ+ viákénkar
eFVInUvGBa¢lIkmμen¼ RbRBwtþeTAándUecñ¼ sUm,I¹mancitþ
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -69-
rIkrayehIy mancitþRC¼føaehIy dl´RB¼BuT§CasrN£
kñúgéf¶en¼Ég³ .
eTvbuRt[{vaTRBahμN_ehIyk¾át´xøÜneTA
RKaena¼ maNBáneBalnwgRBahμN_fa ½
²elakcUrCaGñkmancitþRC¼føaehIy dl´RB¼BuT§ RB¼Fm’’
nigRB¼sgÇ CasrN£taMgBIéf¶en¼eTAcu¼ elakcUrCa
GñkmancitþRC¼føay¨agena¼ ehIysmaTansikçabT 5 kuM
[dac´Føú¼Føay/ cUrRbjab´evorcakáNatát ( kar
smøab´stV ) cUrevorcakrbs´Edlm©as´eKminTan´[
kñúgelak/ cUrkuMpwkTwkRsvwg/ cUrkuMniyaykuhk/ nigcUr
CaGñkeBjcitþcMeBa¼EtPriyarbs´xøÜncu¼³ .
RBahμN_TTYlfa ²lðehIy³ ánPasitKafaTaMgen¼fa ½
²mñalykß GñkCaGñkRáfñaRbeyaCn_dl´¹/ mñal
eTvtaGñkCaGñkRáfñanUvvtSúEdlCa«bkar£dl´¹/ ¹nwg
-70- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
eFVI ( tam ) Bakürbs´Gñk/ GñkCaGacarürbs´¹/ ¹
sUmdl´RB¼BuT§CasrN£pg/ ¹sUmdl´RB¼Fm’’Edl
minmanvtSúdéTéRkElgCag CasrN£pg/ ¹sUm
dl´RB¼sgÇrbs´RB¼BuT§ EdlCamnusßlðBiess
BiessdUceTvtafaCasrN£pg/ ¹m©as´nwgRbjab´
evorcakáNatiát/ evorcakkarkan´ykRTBüsm,tþi
Edlm©as´eKminTan´[kñúgelak/ minpwkTwkRsvwg/ min
niyaykuhk/ nigCaGñkeBjcitþcMeBa¼Priyarbs´xøÜn³ .
xN£ena¼ eTvbuRteBalnwgRBahμN_fa ²mñalRBahμN_
RTBükñúgpÞ¼rbs´elakmaneRcIn/ sUmelakcUleTAKal´RB¼-
sasþa ehIyfVayTan cUrsþab´Fm’’ cUrsYrbBaHa³ dUecñ¼ehIy
k¾át´GMBITIena¼eTA .
RBahμN_fVayTancMeBa¼RB¼BuT§
cMENkRBahμN_ eTApÞ¼ehIy ehAnagRBahμNImk
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -71-
niyayfa ²mñalnagd¾ceRmIn ¹nwgnimnþRB¼smNeKatm ehIy
TUlsYrbBaHa/ nagcUreRtómeRKÓgsk;ar£cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTAkan´
vihar minfVaybg:MRB¼sasþa mineFVIbdisNæar£ QrenAkñúgTI
d¾smKYrmYy ehIyRkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼eKatmd¾ceRmIn sUm
RB¼Gg:RBmTaMgRB¼PikçúsgÇ emtþaRTg´GnueRKa¼TTYlPtþrbs´¹
RB¼Gg:edIm,Iesaykñúgéf¶en¼³ .
RB¼sasþaRTg´TTYledaytuNHIPaB . RBahμN_ándwg
fa RB¼sasþaRTg´TTYlehIy eTIbmkkan´pÞ¼edayrh&s eRbI
mnusß[cat´EcgxaTnIyePaCnIyahar edIm,IfVaycMeBa¼RB¼-
sasþa . RB¼sasþa EdlBYkPikçúsgÇEhhmehIy esþcyag
eTAkan´pÞ¼RBahμN_ena¼ RTg´Kg´elIGasn£EdleKRkalTuk .
RBahμN_Gg:asRB¼sasþaRBmTaMgPikçúsgÇedayeKarB . mha
CnRbCuMKña . án|fa kalRB¼tfaKtEdlRBahμN_micäaTidæi
nimnþehIy BYkCnBIrBYkEtgmkRbCuMKña KWBYkCnEdlCamicäaTidæi
-72- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
RbCuMKñaedaytaMgcitþfa ²éf¶en¼BYkeyIgnwgrg´caMemIlRB¼smN
eKatm EdlRtÚvRBahμN_ebotebonedaykarsYrbBaHa³ BYkCn
EdlCasmμaTidæiRbCuMKñaedaytaMgcitþfa ²éf¶en¼BYkeyIgnwgrg´caM
emIlBuT§vis&y BuT§lIla³ .
RKaena¼ RBahμN_cUleTAKal´RB¼tfaKt EdlRTg´eFVI
Ptþkic©eRscehIy Gg:úyelIGasn£Tab ánTUlsYrbBaHafa
²bBiRtRB¼eKatmd¾ceRmIn manEdr¦eTcMeBa¼BYkCnEdlminán
fVayTancMeBa¼RB¼Gg: minánbUCaRB¼Gg: minánsþab´Fm’’ min
ánrkßa«eásfesa¼ áneTAekItkñúgzansYK’edayRtwmEtcitþ
RC¼føaEtmü¨agbu¨eNÑa¼³ ?
s¿ mñalRBahμN_ ehtudUcemþc eTIbGñkmksYrtfaKt
karEdlbuK:ljúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfaKtehIy ekItkñúgzansYK’
EdlmdækuNÐlICabuRtrbs´GñkánRáb´GñkehIy minEmn¦ ?
B¿ bBiRtRB¼eKatmd¾ceRmIn kalNa ?
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -73-
s¿ éf¶EdlGñkxßwkxßÜleTAkan´éRBsμsan GñkeXIjmaNB
mñak´Qr{bédknÞk´kenÞjenAkñúgTIminq¶ayehIysYrfa ½
²GñkRbdab´tubEtgehIydUcmdækuNÐlI manPar£KWkRmg
p;a manxøÜnrugerOgedayxøwmcnÞn_Rkhm³ .
dUecñ¼CaedIm minEmn¦ ? kalnwgRTg´RbkasBaküEdl
CnTaMgBIrnak´eBalehIy ánRtas´erOgmdækuNÐlI . eRBa¼
dUecña¼ erOgmdækuNÐlIena¼ eTIbáneQμa¼fa CaBuT§Pasit .
kalRB¼sasþaRtas´erOgmdækuNÐlIena¼ehIy eTIbRtas´fa
²mñalRBahμN_ minEmnmanEtmYyry ¦BIrryeT edayBit
karrab´BYkstV EdljúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfaKtehIy ekItkñúg
zansYK’rEmgrab´minán³ . mhaCnánCaGñkekItesckIþsgß&y
eLIg xN£ena¼ RB¼sasþaRTg´RCabkarEdlmhaCnena¼min
Tan´Gs´esckIþsgß&y ánRTg´GFidæanfa²sUmmdækuNÐlIeTvbutþ
cUrmkRBmCamYynwgviman³ . mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRt EdlRbdab´
-74- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
ehIyedayeRKÓgGaPrNTiBV kMBs´RbmaN 3 Kavut át´
GMBIeTvelak mkkan´smñak´RB¼manRB¼PaKRBmCamYynwgviman
cu¼mkGMBIvimanfVaybg:MRB¼sasþaehIy QrenAkñúgTId¾smKYr
mYy .
xN£ena¼ RB¼sasþakalnwgRtas´sYreTvbuRtfa ²Gñk
eFVIkmμGVI eTIbánsm,tþiEbben¼³ ánRtas´RB¼Kafafa ½
²eTvta GñkmankaylðéRkElgNas´ QrjúaMgTis
TaMgBYg[PWøsVag dUcp;ayRBwk/ mñaleTvtaGñkman
GanuPaBeRcIn tfaKtsuMsYrGñk ( kal ) GñkCamnusß
áneFVIbuNüGVITuk³ .
eTvbuRtRkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn sm,tþien¼¹
RB¼Gg: ánehIy eRBa¼júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼Gg:³ .
s¿ sm,tþien¼GñkánehIy eRBa¼júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfa-
Kt¦ ?
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -75-
T¿ RB¼kruNa RB¼Gg: .
mhaCnRkeLkemIleTvbuRtehIy ánRbkasesckIþ
eRtkGrfa ²En+ Gñkd¾ceRmInTaMgLay BuT§KuNGs©arüBitEmn
hñ+ buRtrbs´RBahμN_eQμa¼ GTinñbuBVk£ mináneFVIbuNüGVI @
y¨agdéTeLIy RKan´júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼sasþa k¾ánsm,tþi
Ebben¼³ .
citþCaFMkñúgkmμRKb´y¨ag
RKaena¼ RB¼sasþaRtas´eTAkan´BYkCnTaMgena¼fa ²kñúg
kareFVIkmμEdlCakusl nigGkusl citþCaRbFan citþCaFM/
eRBa¼fa kmμEdleFVIedaycitþEdlRC¼føaehIy rEmgminl¼bg´
buK:lGñkeTAkan´eTvelak mnusßelak dUcCaRsemaldUecña¼³
lu¼Rtas´erOgen¼ehIy RB¼Gg:EdlCaFmμraCa ánRtas´RB¼
Kafaen¼bnþGnusn§i dUcRbfab´RB¼raCsasn_ EdlmanRtaRbcaM
TukehIy edayRB¼Kafafa ½
-76- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
2 menabuBVg:ma Fmμa menaesdæa menamya
mnsa ec bsenñn Pasti va kerati va
teta nM suxmenVti qaya v GnuáyinI .
Fm’’TaMgLay mancitþCaRbFan mancitþRbesIr
bMput seRmcGMBIcitþ ebIbuK:lmancitþRC¼føaehIy
eBalkIþ eFVIkIþ ( nUvsucrit ) eRBa¼sucritTaMgena¼
suxrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA dUcRsemal
GenÞaltamRáN .
GFib,ayKafa
citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmiTaMg 4 mankamavcrPUmiCaedIm
RB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´ehAfa ²mena³ kñúgRB¼Kafaen¼ edaymin
EbøkKñak¾BitEmnehIy/ b¨uEnþkalkMNt´ykcitþkñúgbTen¼ rEmg
ándl´citþCakamavcrkusl 8 dYg/ k¾kaleBaledayGMNac
vtSú rEmgándl´citþEdlRbkbedayjaN RbRBwtþeTARBmnwg
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -77-
esamnsßGMBIkamavcrkuslcitþ 4 dYg bu¨eNÑa¼ .
bTfa buBVg:ma esckIþfa RbkbCamYynwgcitþEdlCa
sPav£ RbRBwtþeTAmunena¼ xn§ 3 manevTnaxn§CaedIm eQμa¼fa
Fm’’ . BitNas´ citþCaRbFanrbs´GrUbkçn§TaMg 3 manevTnaxn§
CaedImena¼ eTIbeBaledayGtS KWCabc©&yjúaMgFm’’TaMgena¼[
ekIteLIg eRBa¼ehtuena¼ xn§TaMg 3 Rbkarena¼ eTIbeQμa¼faman
citþCaRbFan . dUc«TahrN_fa kalTaykCaeRcInkMBugeFVI
buNü manRbeKnbiNÐát nigcIvrCaedImdl´PikçúsgÇmYyBYk
FMkIþ manbUCad¾éRkElg nigsþab´Fm’’ ehIydutRbTIbeFVIsk;ar£
edaykMrgp;aCaedImkIþ kalmanGñksYrfa ²nrNaCaRbFanén
TaykTaMgena¼³TaykNaCabc©&yrbs´BYkeK/KWBYkeKGaRs&y
TaykNa eTIbeFVIbuNüTaMgena¼án/ Taykena¼eQμa¼tisߣ
k¾eday eQμa¼busߣk¾eday CMnuMCnrEmgehAfa CaRbFanrbs´
BYkeK³ y¨agNamij Bakü«bemyüEdlCaeRKÓgjúaMgesckIþ
-78- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
[dl´RBm bNiÐitKb,IRCabdUecñ¼ . citþeQμa¼faCaRbFan
énFm’’TaMgena¼ edayGtSfa Cabc©&yjúaMgFm’’TaMgena¼[ekIt
eLIgedayRbkardUecñ¼/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbFm’’TaMgen¼Ég eQμa¼
fa mancitþCaRbFan/ BitNas´ Fm’’TaMgena¼kalcitþminekIt
eLIg k¾minGacnwgekIteLIgán cMENkcitþ kalectsikxø¼
minekIteLIg k¾ekIteLIgánEdr . citþmaneQμa¼fa CaFMCagFm’’
TaMgena¼ eRBa¼edayGMNacCaGFibtI eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbFm’’TaMg
ena¼eQμa¼fa mancitþCaFM . mü¨ageTot vtSúTaMgLayena¼@ sMerc
ehIyGMBIvtSú manmasCaedIm k¾eQμa¼faseRmcehIyGMBImas
CaedIm y¨agNamij/ sUm,IFm’’TaMgena¼ k¾áneQμa¼fa sMerc
ehIyGMBIcitþ eRBa¼Carbs´EdlseRmcmkGMBIcitþ dUecña¼ .
bTfa bsenñn esckIþfa RC¼føaehIyedayKuNTaMg-
Lay mankarminsmøwgrMéBCaedIm .
BIrbTfa Pasti va kerati va esckIþfa buK:lmancitþ
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -79-
Ebben¼ kalnwgniyay rEmgniyayEtsucrit 4 y¨ag kal
nwgeFVI rEmgeFVIEtsucirt 3 y¨ag kalminniyay kalmineFVI
rEmgeFVIEtmenasucrit 3 y¨ag [eBjbribUN’ eRBa¼karEdl
xøÜnCaGñkmancitþRC¼føapUrpg´ehIyedayKuNTaMgLay man
GnPiCÄaCaedImena¼ . kuslkmμbf 10 rbs´buK:lena¼
rEmgdl´kareBjbribUN’edayRbkary¨agen¼ .
áTRB¼Kafafa teta nM suxmenVti esckIþfa esckIþ
suxrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA eRBa¼sucrit 3 y¨agena¼ .
kuslTaMg 3 PUmi RB¼manRB¼PaKRáfñaykehIykñúgTIen¼/
eRBa¼dUecña¼ bNiÐtKb,IRCabkarGFib,ayfa ²esckIþsuxEdl
Capl EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgcitþ ( edaybri-
yayen¼ ) fa esckIþsuxmankayCaTItaMgxø¼ esckIþsuxman
citþCaTItaMgxø¼rEmgCab´tameTA KWfa rEmgminl¼bg´buK:lena¼
EdlekItehIykñúgsuKtiPBkIþ taMgenAkñúgTIEdlesaysuxkñúg
-80- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
suKtikIþ eRBa¼GanuPaBénsucritEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 man
BaküsYrs‘kcUlmkfa ²dUcGVI³ eqøIyfa ²dUcRsemalEdlman
RbRktIGenÞaleTAtamRáN³ dUcmanGFib,ayfa FmμtaRsemal
Carbs´Cab´nwgsrIr£ kalsrIr£edIreTA vak¾eTAEdr/ kalsrIr£
Qb´ vak¾Qb´/ kalsrIr£Gg:úy vak¾Gg:úyEdr/ minmannrNa
GacnwgsþIfavaedayBaküTn´Pøn´kIþ edayBaküeRKatRKatkIþ fa
²ÉgcUrRtLb´eTAvij ¦év¨ehIy[RtLb´eTAviján³ eLIy sYr
fa²eRBa¼ehtuGVI³eqøIyfa eRBa¼vaCarbs´Cab´nwgsrIr£ y¨agNa
mij esckIþsuxEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgcitþ
mankamavcrsuxCaedIm mankusl KWkuslkmμbf 10 Rbkar
en¼ EdlbuK:lRbRBwtþmkehIy nigRbRBwtþlðehIy CamUl Ca
¬sKl´ rEmgminl¼bg´ ( buK:lena¼ ) kñúgTIEdlbuK:lena¼
eTAehIy@ dUcRsemalGenÞaleTAtamRáN .
kñúgkalcb´RB¼Kafa karRtas´dwgFm’’ mandl´BYkstV
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -81-
84000 mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRttaMgenAkñúgRB¼esatabtþipl/ GTinñ-
buBVkRBahμN_k¾dUcKñaEdr . Kat´ánsabeRBa¼RTBüsm,tþid¾
eRcInkñúgRB¼BuT§sasna edayRbkar dUecñ¼Ég >€
( erOgmdækuNÐlI cb´ )
r o s
3 erOgRB¼tisߣ
esckIþxagedIm
RB¼sasþa kalKg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBn RTg´RárB§RB¼efr£
eQμa¼ tisߣ ánRtas´nUvRB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ²Gekacäi mM
GvFi mM³ CaedIm .
RB¼tisßetSrCaGñkTUnμanlMák nig Rbkan´xøÜn
án|mkfa RB¼tisßetSrena¼ Ca{rsénRB¼matucäarbs´
RB¼manRB¼PaK ( RB¼Gg:m©as´mIgxagmata ) bYskñúgkalénxøÜn
Camnusßcas´ briePaKlaPsk;ar£ EdlekIteLIgkñúgRB¼BuT§-
sasna manragkayFMFat´ mancIvrEdlbuK:ldMTUeTA nigdM
RtLb´ehIy edayeRcInGg:úykñúg«bdæansala . PikçúGaKnþúk£
TaMgLaymk edIm,IRbeyaCn_nwgKal´RB¼tfaKt eTAkan´smñak´
rbs´elakedaysm:al´fa ²en¼CaRB¼mhaefr£³ dUecñ¼ehIy
sYrdl´vtþ sYrdl´kic©KYreFVI manRcác´eCIgCaedIm . elak
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -83-
Gg:úyes¶óm .
RKaena¼ PikçúkMela¼mYyGg:sYrelakfa ²elakmanvsßa
bu¨nμan³ ? elakeqøIyfa ²minTan´manvsßaeT ¹RB¼kruNabYs
kñúgkalEdlxøÜnCamnusßcas´³ eTIbeBalfa mñalGavuesa Gñk
CamnusßEdleKRbedAánedayRk Gñkmins:al´RbmaNrbs´
xøÜn/ GñkeXIjRB¼mhaefr£manRbmaNbu¨eNѼehIy mineFVIvtþ
sUm,IEtsamIcikmμ kalRB¼efr£TaMgena¼sYrdl´vtþedayeGIeBI
elakGg:úyes¶óm/ sUm,IRtwmEtkarreg:ós k¾minmandl´elak³
dUecñ¼ eTIbRbharnUvRmaméd . elakjúaMgxtþiyman¼[ekIteLIg
ehIysYrfa ²BYkelakmkkan´smñak´GñkNa³ ? kalGaKnþúk-
PikçúTaMgena¼eqøIyfa ²mkkan´smñak´rbs´RB¼sasþa³ eTIbeBal
fa ²BYkelaksμanfa¹CanrNa ¹nwgkat´PaBCasmN£rbs´
BYkelakecj[Tal´Etán³ dUecñ¼ehIy ekItTukç minsuxcitþ
yMedIreTAkan´smñak´rbs´RB¼sasþa .
RB¼tisߣTUlerOgcMeBa¼RB¼sasþa
RKaena¼ RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrelakfa ²mñaltisߣ eRBa¼
ehtuGVI eTIbGñkekItTukç Gak´Gn´citþ manmuxTTwkedayTwkEPñk
ERskyM mkkan´smñak´rbs´tfaKt³ . cMENkPikçúTaMgena¼ ( KW
PikçúGaKnþúk£ ) Kitfa ²Pikçúena¼GaceTAeFVInUvGMeBIEdlminKb,IGVI
mYy³ dUecñ¼ eTIbeTACamYynwgRB¼tisߣena¼Edr fVaybg:MRB¼-
sasþaehIy Gg:úykñúgTId¾smKYrmYy . RB¼tisߣena¼ Edl
RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrehIy ánRkabTUlfa²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾cMerIn
PikçúTaMgen¼eCr¹RB¼Gg:³ .
s¿ mñaltisߣ etIGñkÉgGg:úyenATINa ?
t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:Kg´kñúg«bdæansala .
s¿ eBlEdlPikçúTaMgen¼mk GñkÉgáneXIjEdr¦eT ?
t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:eXIj .
s¿ etIGñkáneRkakeLIgTTYlEdr¦eT ?
t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:mináneFVIeT .
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -85-
s¿ etIGñkÉgánsYredayeGIeBI dl´karTTYlbrikçarrbs´
PikçúTaMgena¼Edr¦eT ?
t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:minánsYredayeGIeBIeT.
s¿ GñkánsYredayeGIeBI dl´FmμTMenom ¦Twkqan´Edr¦eT?
t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:minánsYredayeGIeBIeT .
s¿ etIGñkÉgmannaMGasn£mkehIy eFVIkarRcác´eCIg[
Edr¦eT ?
t¿ bBiRtRB¼d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:mináneFVIeT .
RB¼tisߣminRBmsUmxmaeTasPikçúsgÇ
s¿ mñaltisߣ vtþTaMgBYgena¼ GñkKYreFVIdl´Pikçúcas´ .
kalEdlGñkmineFVIvtþTaMgBYgena¼ehIy Gg:úyenAkñúgvihar min
smKYreLIy/ eTasrbs´GñkÉgman . GñkÉgcUrsUmeTasPikçú
TaMgLayena¼cu¼ .
t¿ bBiRtRBGg:d¾ceRmIn PikçúTaMgen¼áneCr¹RB¼Gg: ¹RB¼Gg:
-86- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr
minsUmxmaeTaseT .
s¿ mñaltisߣ GñkkuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy eTasrbs´
Gñkman GñkcUrsUmeTasPikçúTaMgena¼cu¼ .
t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:minRBmsUmeTasPikçú
TaMgen¼eT .
RKaena¼ RB¼sasþa kalPikçúTaMgLayRkabTUlfa ²bBiRt
RB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn RB¼tisߣen¼CaGñkTUnμanánedaykRm³ dUecñ¼
ehIy Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay tisߣen¼minEmnCaGñkEdl
eKTUnμanánedaykRmEtkñúgkal}LÚven¼bu¨eNÑa¼eT/ sUm,Ikñúg
kalmun tisߣen¼k¾CaGñkTUnμanánedaykRmdUcKñaEdr³ kal
PikçúTaMgena¼RkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:TaMg-
Lay RCabfaelakCaGñkTUnμanánedaykRm Etkñúgkal}LÚv
en¼bu¨eNÑa¼/ elakáneFVIkmμGVITukkñúgGtItkal³ dUecñ¼ehIy
k¾RTg´naMerOgGtIt£mk .
buBVkmμrbs´RB¼tisߣ
kñúgGtItkal kalRB¼áTBaraNsI esayraCsm,tþi
enAkñúgRkúgBaraNsI/ mantabsmñak´eQμa¼ eTvil enAkñúghim-
vnþRbeTs 8 Ex RáfñanwgcUleTAGaRs&yRB¼nKr 4 Ex edIm,I
RtÚvkarnwgesBrséRb nigrsCUr eTIbecjcakhimvnþRbeTs
cUl eTAkan´RB¼nKr CYbGñkyamTVarRB¼nKr eTIbsYrfa ²BYk
bBVCitEdlmkdl´RB¼nKren¼ehIy EtgsRmakenATINa³ ? Gñk
yamTVarRB¼nKrRáb´fa ²kñúgeragnaysμÚnqñaMg elakm©as´³ .
tabsena¼eTAkan´eragénsμÚnqñaMgehIy QreTobTVareBalfa
²ebIelakminF¶n´citþ ( mincegðótcgðl´citþ ) eT GatμasUmsRmak
enAkñúgeragen¼mYyyb´³ sμÚnqñaMgeBalfa ²eBlyb´kic©rbs´¹
kñúgeragen¼minmaneT/ eragFM/ nimnþelakenAtamsb,aycu¼³
dUecñ¼ehIy k¾fVayeragdl´tabsena¼ .
kalelakcUleTAGg:úyehIy mantabsmYyGg:eTot
eQμa¼ narT£ mkGMBIhimvnþRbeTsEdr ánsuMsμÚnqñaMgsMrak
-88- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr
mYyraRtI . sμÚnqñaMgKitfa eyIgmindwgfa ²tabsGg:Edl
nimnþmkmunena¼ manesckþIsb,aynwgtabsGg:en¼Edr¦k¾Gt´
eyIgmindwg/ eyIgnwgeda¼xøÜnecj³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbeBalfa
²ebItabsEdlcUleTAmunena¼eBjcitþ/ sUmelaksRmakenA
tamkareBjcitþéntabsGg:munena¼cu¼³ . narTtabscUleTA
rkeTviltabs ehIyeBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü ebIelak
minF¶n´citþeT/¹sUmsRmakenAkñúgeragen¼mYyraRtIpg³ kaleT-
viltabseBalfa ²eragFM sUmelakcUleTAenAkñúgcMENkmYy
cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbcUleTAGg:úykñúgTImYy .
eTasénkaredkxuskEnøg
tabsTaMgBIrrUbena¼ niyayRáRs&yKña[ekItkarrk
dl´KñanigKñaehIy/ kñúgevlaedk . narTtabskMNt´TIedkén
eTviltabs nigTVarehIy eTIbedk . cMENkeTviltabs
kalnwgedk minánedkkñúgTIkEnøgrbs´xÜøneT (RtLb´) mkedk
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -89-
TTwgRtg´kNþalTVar . narTtabskalecjeTAkñúgraRtI án
Can´Rtg´Cdarbs´eTviltabs . kalelakeBalfa nrNa
Can´eyIg³ ? narTtabseBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü ¹ ³ .
T¿ En Cdilekag ehtudUcemþc eTIbelakCan´Cdarbs´
eyIg .
n¿ bBiRtelakGacarü ¹mindwgfa elakGacarüedkTI
en¼ sUmelakGacarüGt´eTas[¹pg . kalelakkMBugrGU‘
rTaMena¼Ég narTtabsk¾ánecjeTAxageRkA eTviltabseRkA
en¼Kitfa ²tabsrUben¼ cUlmkvijnwgKb,ICan´eyIgeTot³
dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbedkRtLb´k,aleTAcugeCIgvij .
cMENknarTtabs kalnwgcUleTAKitfa ²kalBIdMbUg
eyIgáneFVIxusehIycMeBa¼elakGacarü/ }LÚven¼ eyIgcUleTA
tamcMENkéncugeCIgrbs´elakvij³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾edIrcUleTA
ánCan´Rtg´krbs´eTviltabs/ kalelakeBalfa ²nrNa
-90- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr
hñwg³ ? eTIbeqøIyfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü ¹³ kalelakeBal
fa ²En Cdilekag kalBIdMbUgelakCan´Rtg´Cdarbs´eyIg
}LÚven¼ Can´Rtg´krbs´eyIgeTot eyIgnwgdak´pþasaelak³
eTIbeBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü eTasrbs´minman/ ¹mindwg
faelakGacarü edky¨agen¼/ ¹KitdUecñ¼fa kalBIdMbUgeyIg
áneFVIxusehIy/ }LÚven¼ eyIgnwgcUleTAtamcMENkéneCIg
rbs´elakvij dUecñ¼ sUmelakGt´eTas[¹pgcu¼³ .
tabsTaMgBIrnak´dak´pþasaKña
T¿ En Cdilekag eyIgnwgdak´pþasaelak .
n¿ bBiRtelakGacarü elakkuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy .
elakmineGIeBInwgBaküsmþIrbs´narTtabsena¼
enAEtcecsdak´pþasanarTtabsena¼ ( edayKafafa ) ½
²RB¼GaTitümanrsμITaMgBan´ manetC£TaMgry man
RbRktIkm©at´ggwt/ lu¼RB¼GaTitür¼eLIgmkkñúgevla
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -91-
RBwk sUmk,alrbs´elakEbkecjCa 7 cMerok³ .
narTtabseBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü eTasrbs´¹
minman kal¹kMBugEteBal elakánpþasa . eTasrbs´
GñkNaman sUmk,alrbs´Gñkena¼Ebkcu¼/ rbs´GñkNaminman
cUrkuMEbkeLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy ándak´pþasa ( edayKafa ) fa ½
²RB¼GaTitümanrsμITaMgBan´ manetC£TaMgry man
RbRktIkm©at´ggwt/ lu¼RB¼GaTitür¼eLIgmkkñúgevla
RBwk sUmk,alrbs´elakcUrEbkecjCa 7 cMENk³ .
k¾narTtabsena¼ manGanuPaBeRcIn GacrkCatián
80 kb, KWkñúgGtItkal 40 kb,/ kñúgGnaKtkal 40 kb, .
eRBa¼ehtuena¼ elakKitdUecñ¼fa ²etIbnþasanwgFøak´eTAelInrNa
hñ+ ³ ? kalBicarNaeTAk¾dwgfa nwgFøak´eTAelIelakGacarü/
GaRs&yesckIþkruNacMeBa¼elakGacarü eTIbhamGruNkuM[
r¼eLIgedaykmøaMg¬T§i³ .
RbCaCnekþARkhayrhUtdl´RB¼raCa
GñknKr kalGruNminr¼eLIg k¾naMKñaeTAkan´TVarRB¼raC
vaMg ehIyRkabTUlRB¼raCafa ²bBiRtRB¼smμtieTB kalRB¼
Gg:RKb´RKgraCsm,tþi/ GruNminr¼eLIg sUmRB¼Gg: RTg´emtþa
júaMgGruNr¼[eLIg edIm,I¹RB¼Gg:TaMgLaycu¼³ .
RB¼raCaRTg´BicarNanUvcriyanuvtþi mankaykmμCaedIm
rbs´RB¼Gg: mineXIjnUvkmμEdlminsmKYrtictYcNa@ eLIy
eTIbRTg´RB¼tRmi¼dUecñ¼fa ²etI manehtuGVIhñ+ ³ RTg´reg:ósfa
²RákdCaBYkbBVCitvivaTKñaehIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbRtas´sYrfa
²BYkbBVCit kñúgRB¼nKren¼manxø¼Edr¦eT³ ? kalmanGñkRkab
TUlfa bBiRtmharaC ²kalBIl¶acmßil manBYkbBVCitmkkan´
eragrbs´sμÚnqñaMg³ RB¼raCamanraCburskan´Kb´ePIøg esþceTA
kan´TIena¼kñúgxN£ena¼Ég RTg´fVaybg:MRB¼narTtabsehIy
RTg´Rbfab´enAkñúgTId¾smKYr ehIyRtas´sYrfa ½
²bBiRtRB¼narTtabs kargarTaMgLayénGñkCm<ÚTVIb
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -93-
rEmgRbRBwtþeTAminán/ elakekItggwtehIy eRBa¼
ehtuGVI ? elakEdl¹sYrehIy cUrRáb´nUvehtuena¼
dl´¹³ .
narTtabs dMNalerOgTaMgGs´fVayRB¼raCaehIy eBal
eTAkan´RB¼raCafa ²fVayRB¼BrmharaC GatμaPaB RtÚvtabs
rUben¼pþasaehIyedayehtuen¼ kalebIdUecñ¼ eTIbánpþasafa
²eTasrbs´¹minman/ BaküpþasacUrmandl´buK:lena¼cu¼³ lu¼
pþasaehIy eTIbKitfa ²etIeTasénkarpþasaen¼nwgmandl´Gñk
Nahñ+ ³ ? kalBicarNaeTAk¾eXIjfa ²kalRB¼GaTitür¼eLIg
k,alrbs´GacarünwgEbkCa 7 cMENk dUecñ¼ehIy GaRs&y
esckIþGnueRKa¼cMeBa¼elak eTIbGatμaPaBTb´GruNmin[r¼
eLIg .
RB¼raCaRtas´sYrfa bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn etIeFVIy¨agNa
eTA edIm,I[elakrYcputGMBIGnþrayEbben¼ .
-94- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr
n¿ RbsinebIelaksUmeTasGatμaPaB elaknwgrYcput
GMBIGnþray .
r¿ ebIdUecña¼ elakcUrsUmeTascu¼ .
T¿ Cdilena¼Can´GatμaPaBRtg´Cda nigRtg´k GatμaPaB
minRBmsUmeTasCdilekagen¼eT .
r¿ bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn sUmelakcUrsUmeTasnarT-
tabscu¼ elakkuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy .
eTviltabseBalfa ²GatμaPaB minRBmsUmeTaseT³
sUm,IRB¼raCaRtas´fa²ebIelakminsUmeTasnarTtabseT k,al
rbs´elaknwgEbkCa 7 cMerok³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾enAEtminRBm
sUmeTaseTot .
xN£ena¼ RB¼raCaRtas´nwgelakfa ²elakminRBmsUm
eTastamkareBjcitþrbs´xøÜn¦³ ? dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbbBa¢a[raC
burscab´eTviltabsena¼Rtg´éd/ Rtg´eCIg/ Rtg´eBa¼/ Rtg´k[
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -95-
{ncu¼eTobáTmUl rbs´narTtabs .
narTtabseBalfa ²bBiRtGacarü GeBa¢IjeRkakeLIg
cu¼ ¹RBmGt´eTas[dl´elakehIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy eBaleTA
kan´RB¼raCafa ²fVayRB¼BrmharaC tabsrUben¼ minánsUm
eTasGatμaPaBtamkareBjcitþeT/ manRs¼enAminq¶ayGMBITI
en¼ sUmmharaCbBa¢a[elakQrTUlduMdIsðit RtaMTwkenAkñúg
Rs¼ena¼Rtwmkcu¼ . RB¼raCak¾bBa¢a[eFVIy¨agena¼ . narTtabs
ehAeTviltabsmkehIy eBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü kal
Na¹RBElg¬T§i ehIyBnøWRB¼GaTitütaMgeLIg/ elakKb,ImuC
cu¼kñúgTwk ehIyeTAegIbeLIgTIdéTcu¼³ duMdIsðitelIk,alrbs´
eTviltabsena¼ lu¼rsμIénRB¼GaTitüBal´RtÚvehIyk¾EbkCa
7 cMerok/ eTviltabsena¼k¾muCcu¼eTAkan´TIdéT .
eBormins¶b´edaykarcgeBor
RB¼sasþa lu¼RTg´naMRB¼FmμeTsnaen¼mkehIy án
RTg´Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay RB¼raCakñúgkalena¼ ánmk
CaGannÞkñúgkal }LÚven¼/ eTviltabsánmkCatisߣ/ narT-
tabsánmkCaeyIgtfaKten¼Ég/ sUm,Ikñúgkalena¼ tisߣ
en¼k¾CaGñkEdleKTUnμanánedaykRmy¨agen¼Edr³ dUecñ¼ehIy
bBa¢a[ehAtisßetSrmkehIy Rtas´fa ²mñaltisߣ ebIPikçúNa
Kitfa eyIgRtÚvGñkÉeNa¼eCr RtÚvGñkÉeNa¼Rbhar RtÚvGñkÉ
eNa¼Qñ¼/ GñkÉeNa¼ánlYcRTBürbs´eyIgeTAehIy/ dUecñ¼
eBorrbs´Pikçúena¼mins¶b´eLIy/ EtkalPikçúmincUleTAcgeBor
y¨agena¼Tuk eBorrEmgs¶b´eTAán/ dUecñ¼ehIy ánRTg´
PasitRB¼KafaTaMgen¼fa ½
3 Gekacäi mM GvFi mM GCini mM Ghasi em
ey c tM «bnyHnþi evrM etsM n smμti
Gekacäi mM GvFi mM GCini mM Ghasi em
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -97-
ey c tM nUbnyHnþi evrM etsUbsmμti .
ebIGñkNacUleTAcgesckIþeRkaFena¼Tukfa GñkÉeNa¼
áneCrGj GñkÉeNa¼ánRbharGj GñkÉeNa¼án
p©aj´Gj GñkÉeNa¼ánlYcykRTBürbs´GjeTA
ehIy ( dUecñ¼ ) eBorrbs´Gñkena¼ minrm¶ab´eLIy .
GñkÉeNa¼áneCrGj GñkÉeNa¼ánRbharGj GñkÉ
eNa¼ánp©aj´Gj GñkÉeNa¼ánlYcykRTBürbs´
GjeTAehIy ebIGñkNamincUleTAcgesckIþeRkaFEbb
ena¼Tuk ( dUecñ¼ ) eBorrbs´Gñkena¼ eTIbs¶b´án .
GFib,ayKafa
bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa Gekacäi KWeCrehIy . bTfa
GvFi KWRbharehIy . bTfa GCini KWánQñ¼eyIgedaykar
GagsakßIekagxø¼ edaykareBalRbEkkxø¼ edaykareFVI[
éRkElgCagkareFVIxø¼ .
-98- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr
bTfa Ghasi KWGñkÉeNa¼ánlYcykRTBüTaMgLay
mansMBt´CaedIm .
BIrbTfa ey c tM CaedIm esckIþfa CnBYkNamYy
KWeTvta ¦mnusß RKhsS ¦bBVCit cUleTAcgesckIþeRkaF
fa ²GñkÉeNa¼áneCreyIg³ dUcBYkGñkbrreT¼ cgnwménreT¼
edayemkMRBa nigdUcBYkGñkRbmaj´cgvtSú manRtIsðúyCaedIm
edayvtSúTaMgLay mans,ÚvPøaMgCaedImerOy@ . eBorrbs´Cn
TaMgena¼ekIteLIgehIy rEmgmins¶b´ KWfarEmgmins¶b´rm¶ab´
eLIy .
áTénRB¼Kafafa ey c tM nUbnyHnþi esckIþfa Cn
TaMgLayNamincUleTAcgesckIþeRkaFEbbena¼Tuk KWmanBakü
eCrCaedIm ¦edaykarminrkdl´ nigkarmineFVITukkñúgcitþxø¼ ¦
edayGMNackarBicarNaeXIjkmμy¨agen¼fa ²GñkNamYyEdl
faCaGñkminmaneTas sUm,Ielakk¾Føab´eCreK RbhareK Føab´
FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -99-
GagsakßIekagQñ¼eK Føab´lYcykRBTürbs´GñkdéTEdr eRBa¼
dUecña¼ eBlen¼sUm,IelakminmankMhus ehIyánTTYlpl
EdlminKYrRáfña manBaküeCrCaedIm vasmKYrnwgkmμEdlGñk
áneFVIehIy³ dUecñ¼xø¼/ eBorrbs´CnTaMgena¼ sUm,IekItehIy
edayesckIþRbmaT rEmgs¶b´eTAánedaykarmincgnUvesckþI
eRkaFTuk dUcePIøgéRBmanrMkac´Gs´ehIy dUecña¼ .
kñúgkalcb´eTsna PikçúmYyEsn ánseRmcGriypl
TaMgLay manesatabtþiplCaedIm . RB¼FmμeTsnaánCa
kfamanRbeyaCn_dl´mhaCny¨ageRcIn . RB¼tisßetSr Edl
CamnusßRbedARkena¼ k¾køayeTACamnusßRbedAgay >€
( erOgRB¼tisߣ cb´ )
r o s
4 erOgkarekIteLIgénnagykçinI
esckIþxagedIm
RB¼sasþa kalKg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBn RTg´RárB§®sþI
Garmñak´ Rtas´RB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ² n hi evern evrani ³
CaedIm .
matarkPriya[buRt
án|mkfa buRtkudum<Ik_mñak´ kalbitaeFVImrNkaleTA
ehIy eFVInUvkic©kargarTaMgBYg TaMgkargarERs TaMgkargarpÞ¼
edayxøÜnÉg ehIybdibtþimataedayeKarB . éf¶mYy ®sþIEdl
CamataánRáb´butþena¼fa ²En+kUn Em¨ nwgnaMnagkumarikamk[
ÉgehIyN+a³ .
bu¿ Em¨ kuMniyayy¨agen¼eLIy/ ¹nwgRbNibtþn_Em¨rhUt
Gs´mYyCIvit .
m¿ éh á kUnÉgEtmñak´eFVInUvkargarERspg kic©kargar
-101- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
pÞ¼pg/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Em¨minsb,aycitþeLIy/ Em¨nwgnaMnag
kumarikamk[Ég .
butþena¼ánham ( mata ) Gs´eRcIndg bu¨Enþ®sþIEdlCa
mþayena¼minyl´RBmk¾enAes¶óm mataena¼ecjGMBIpÞ¼ eTAkan´
RtkUlmYy .
RKaena¼ buRtsYrmatafa ²Em¨eTAkan´RtkUlNa³ ? kal
mataRáb´fa ²nwgeTAkan´RtkUleQμa¼ÉeNa¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾
hammin[eTAkan´RtkUlena¼ ehIyRáb´mata[eTAkan´RtkUl
EdlxøÜneBjcitþ . mataáneTAkan´RtkUlena¼ dNwþgnag
kumarikakñúgRtkUlena¼ehIy kMNt´éf¶ ( Gavah_vivah_ ) naMnag
kumarikaena¼mkkan´pÞ¼rbs´xøÜn . nagkumarikaena¼ Ca®sþIman
BUC RtÚvkmμsmøab´ehIy KWCa®sþIGar .
RKaena¼ ®sþIEdlCamataánniyayeTAkan´butþfa ²éhá
kUnÉg[Em¨ naMnagkumarikamktamkareBjcitþrbs´kUnÉgehIy
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -102-
}LÚven¼ nagkumarikaena¼Ca®sIGar/ k¾FmμtaRtkUlEdlminman
buRt rEmgdac´sUnü RbéBNIrEmgminCab´teTA eRBa¼ehtuena¼
Em¨nwgnaMnagkumarikadéTmk ( [kUnÉg )³ buRtena¼k¾eBal
hamfa ²kuMeLIyEm¨³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾áneBal ( y¨agena¼ )
erOy@ . ®sþIGarán|Baküena¼ k¾Kitfa ²FmμtabuRtrEmgmin
GachamXat´Bakümatabitaán/ }LÚven¼mþayekμkrbs´Gj
KitnaM®sþIdéT EdlminEmnCa®sþIGarmkehIy nwgeRbIeyIgdUc
CaTasI/ ebIdUecña¼ eyIgKYrEtnaMnagkumarikamñak´mkedayxøÜnÉg³
dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbeTAkan´RtkUlmYy suMnagkumarikamkedIm,IRb-
eyaCn_dl´bursCasVamIrbs´xøÜn/ RtÚvBYkCnkñúgRtkUlena¼ham
fa nagkuMniyaydUecña¼eLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾GgVrfa ¹CaRsIGar
RtkUlEdlminmanbuRtrEmgvinas buRtIrbs´elakánbuRt
ehIynwgánCam©as´énRTBüsm,tþi/ sUmelakemtþaelIkbuRtI
ena¼[dl´sVamIrbs´¹cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy júaMgRtkUlena¼[yl´
-103- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
RBmehIy k¾naMmk[eFVIPriyarbs´sVamIxøÜn .
eRkaymk RsIGarena¼mankarRti¼ri¼fa ²ebInagmanbuRt
¦buRtIesat nwgánCam©as´énRTBüsm,tþiEtmñak´Ég/ dUecñ¼eyIg
KYrEteFVIy¨agNa kuM[nagmanTark³ .
RbBn§edImpßMfñaMTmøayKP’RbBn§cug
RKaena¼ RsIGark¾niyaynwgnagena¼fa ²KP’taMgeLIgkñúg
épÞrbs´nagkalNa sUmnagRáb´¹kñúgkalena¼³ . nagena¼
TTYlfa ²ca+³ kalKP’taMgeLIgehIy nagk¾ánRáb´dl´®sþI
Garena¼ . cMENkRsIGarena¼[bbr nigáydl´nagena¼Ca
nic© . xageRkaymk ánykfñaMsRmab´eFVIKP’[Føak´ laynwg
Gahar[dl´nagena¼ . KP’k¾Føak´ ( rlUtkUn ) . kalKP’
taMgeLIgelIkTIBIr nagk¾ánRáb´RsIGarena¼eTot . sUm,I
RsIGarena¼k¾áneFVIKP’[Føak´eday«áyy¨agena¼ÉgeTot .
RKaena¼ BYk®sþIEdlsñiT§sñalnwgKñaánsYrnagena¼ fa
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -104-
²®sþIrYmsVamIáneFVInUvesckþIGnþray[dl´nagxøø¼¦eT ? nagk¾
Ráb´erOgena¼dl´®sþITaMgena¼ RtÚv®sþITaMgena¼eBalfa ²®sþIGn§-
Bal ehtudUcemþc eTIbnageFVIy¨agena¼eTA ? RsIGaren¼ánpßM
fñaMsRmab´eFVIKP’[Føak´[dl´nag eRBa¼xøacnagánCaFM eRBa¼
dUecña¼ eTIbKP’rbs´nagFøak´/ nagándwgesckþIena¼ehIy³ kñúg
RKaTIbInagminánRáb´ . xageRkaymk RsIGareXIjépÞrbs´
nagena¼ehIyk¾sYrfa ²ehtudUcemþc eTIbnagminRáb´karEdl
nagmanKP’dl´¹³ nagena¼eBalfa ²nagnaM¹mkehIy eFVIKP’
[Føak´dl´eTABIrdgehIy ¹nwgRáb´dl´nageFVIGVI ? eTIbKitfa
²}LÚven¼ eyIgvinasehIy³ rg´caMemIlkareFVsRbEhsrbs´
nagkumarikaena¼/ kalKP’cas´eBjeljehIy eTIbán{kas
ánpßMfñaM[ehIy KP’minFøak´ eRBa¼cas´Ex eTIbedkTTwg(TVar)
evTnad¾xøaMgkøaekIteLIg . nagk¾søab´eTA .
munnwgsøab´ nagántaMgesckIþRáfñafa eyIgRtÚvnagen¼
-105- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
eFVI[vinasehIy vaánnaMeyIgmk eFVITarkrbs´eyIg[vinas
dl´ 3 nak´ehIy }LÚven¼ eyIgk¾vinaseTot eyIgcuticak
GtþPaBen¼ehIy sUm[ánCaykçinIedIm,ITMBasuITarkrbs´va³
dUecñ¼ehIy søab´eTAekItCaqμakñúgpÞ¼ena¼Ég . cMENksVamIcab´
®sþIGarena¼ehIy eBalfa ²nagÉgáneFVIRtkUlrbs´eyIg[
dac´sUnü³ dUecñ¼ehIy vayedayGvyv£TaMgLaymanduMéd nig
Cg:g´CaedIm[manrbYsF¶n´ . ®sþIGarena¼søab´eRBa¼karvayena¼
Ég ehIyánekItCaem man´kñúgpÞ¼ena¼Edr .
pøas´bþÚrRbharKñamñak´mYyCatieday
GMNacénkarcgeBor
cMeNrkalminyUrbu¨nμan emman´ánFøak´BgeRcIn@Bg
emqμamksuIBgman´TaMgena¼Gs´ . sUm,IelIkTIBIr elIkTIbI vak¾
suIGs´Edr . kalCitnwggab´emman´ena¼áneFVIesckIþRáfñafa
²vasuIBgrbs´eyIgGs´bIdgehIy }LÚven¼ vaánsuITaMgxøÜn
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -106-
eyIgeTot . eRkayGMBIgab´eTA sUm[eyIgánTMBasuIva nig
kUnrbs´va³ dUecñ¼ehIy gab´GMBIemman´ena¼ehIy ekItCaemxøa
dMbg . cMENkemqμaánmkekItCaemRmwK . kñúgevlaemRmwK
ena¼ekItkUn emxøadMbg k¾ánmksuIkUnRmwKTaMgLayGs´dl´
bIdg . kalCitnwgsøab´emRmwKáneFVIesckIþRáfñafa ²BYkkUn
rbs´eyIgRtÚvemxøadMbgen¼suIGs´dl´bIdgehIy }LÚven¼vasuI
TaMgxøÜneyIgpg . eyIgcuticakGtþPaBen¼ehIy Kb,IánsuIva
nigkUnrbs´vacu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy søab´eTAekItCanagykçinI cMENk
emxøadMbgcuticakGtþPaBena¼ehIy ánekItCakulFItakñúgRkúg
savtSI . nagmanv&yceRmInehIy áneTAkan´RtkUlsVamIkñúg
RsúkEk,rTVar ( Rkúg ) kñúgkalxageRkaymk nagánRbsUt
buRtmñak´ . nagykçinI EkøgxøÜnCa®sþIsmøaj´EdlCaTIRsLaj´
rbs´nagkulFItaena¼mkehIy sYrfa ²®sþICasmøaj´rbs´¹enA
TINa³? BYkGñkRsúkánRáb´fa²nagRbsUtbutþenAxagkñúgbnÞb´
-107- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
nagykçinIsþab´Baküena¼ehIy eBalfa ²smøaj´rbs´¹RbsUt
butþRbús ¦RsI ? ¹suMemIlekμgena¼bnþic³ eBaldUecñ¼ehIy cUl
eTAeFVIGakardUcCaemIl cab´TarksuIehIyk¾ecjeTA . sUm,Ikñúg
RKaTIBIrk¾suIeTot . kñúgRKaTIbInagkulFItamanKP’cas´ehIy k¾
ehAsVamImkRáb´fa ²bBiRtnay nagykçinImñak´suIbuRtrbs´
¹kñúgTIen¼Gs´BIrnak´ehIy/ }LÚven¼ ¹nwgeTAkan´pÞ¼énRtkUl
rbs´¹RbsUtbuRt³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾naMKñaeTAkan´pÞ¼énRtkUlRbsUt
( buRtkñúgTIena¼ ) . kñúgkalena¼ ykçinIena¼dl´evnCBa¢ÚnTwk .
eRBa¼fa nagykçinITaMgLay RtÚvdgTwkGMBIRs¼eQμa¼Genattþ
TUlelIk,aledIrmkedIm,Iesþcevsßv&Ntamevn edayknøgeTA
4 Exxø¼ 5 Exøxø¼eTIbput ( GMBIevn ) . nagykçinIdéTmankarlMák
ehIydl´karGs´CIvitxø¼k¾man . cMENknagykçinIena¼ lu¼put
GMBIevnCBa¢ÚnTwkehIy k¾Rbjab´eTAkan´pÞ¼ena¼ sYrfa ²®sþIEdl
Casmøaj´rbs´¹enATINa³ ? BYkGñkRsúkRáb´fa ²nagnwgCYb
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -108-
®sþIena¼GMBITINaán ? nagykçinImñak´suITarkrbs´nagEdlRb-
sUtkñúgTIen¼/ eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbnageTAkan´pÞ¼énRtkUl³ nag
ykçinIena¼Kitfa ²nageTAkan´TINa@ k¾eday k¾minrYcputGMBI
eyIgánEdr³ dUecñ¼ehIy edaykmøaMgéneBoreFVI[nagrt´semþA
eTAkan´RkúgedayesckþIBüayam . cMENknagkulFIta kñúgéf¶
Edldak´eQμa¼[Tarkena¼ nagk¾ángUtTwk[buRtehIy dak´
eQμa¼[rYcral´ehIy k¾eBalnwgsVamIfa ²bBiRtnay }LÚven¼
eyIgnaMKñaeTAkan´pÞ¼rbs´eyIgvijcu¼³ bIbuRteFVIdMeNIreTACamYy
sVamI tampøÚvRbKl´buRt[dl´bursEdlCasVamIehIy cu¼gUt
TwkRs¼eákçrNIEk,rvtþ ehIyeLIgmkTTYlykbuRt kalsVamI
kMBuggUtTwk QrbMeÁeda¼buRt lu¼RkeLkeXIjnagykçinImk
caMán k¾ERskedaysMeLgxøaMg@fa²bBiRtnay Rbjab´eLIg@
ykçinImkdl´ehIy³dUecñ¼ehIy minGacQrrg´caMrhUtdl´sVamI
ena¼mkán k¾rt´semþAeTAkan´vihar .
eBorminrm¶ab´edaykarcgeBor
eBorEtgrm¶ab´ánedaykarmincgeBor
kñúgsm&yena¼ RB¼sasþakMBugEtsEmþgFm’’enAkNþal
bris&T nagkulFItaena¼ rt´eTAdl´ehIy [buRtedkelIxñg
RB¼áTrbs´RB¼tfaKtehIy RkabTUlfa ²buRten¼ ¹RB¼Gg:
fVaycMeBa¼RB¼Gg:ehIy sUmRB¼Gg:RbTanCIvitdl´buRtrbs´¹
RB¼Gg:cu¼ sumneTBEdlGaRs&yd¾B§exøagTVarminRBm[
ykçinIcUleTAxagkñúg . RB¼sasþaRtas´ehARB¼GannÞmkehIy
Rtas´fa ²mñalGannÞ GñkcUreTAehAykçinIena¼mk³ . RB¼efr£
ehAnagykçinIena¼mkehIy . nagkulFItaRkabTUlfa bBiRt
RB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn nagykçinImkehIy . RB¼sasþaRtas´fa ²nag
ykçinIcUrmkcu¼/ nagkuMERskeLIy³ . dUecñ¼ehIy ánRtas´
eTAkan´nagykçinIEdlmkQrenATIena¼fa ²eRBa¼ehtuGVI eTIbnag
eFVIy¨agen¼ ? RbsinebIBYknagminmkkan´smñak´RB¼BuT§Rákd
dUcCatfaKteT eBorrbs´BYknagnwgánCakmμtaMgenAGs´kb,
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -110-
dUceBorrbs´Bs´ nigs;ar/ xøaXμúM nigedImBRg Ekðk nigemom/
eRBa¼ehtuGVI eTIbBYknagcgeBorKñaG‘Ícwg ? eRBa¼eBorrm¶ab´án
edaykarmincgeBor minEmnrm¶ab´ánedayeBoreT³ dUecñ¼ehIy
ánRtas´RB¼Kafaen¼fa ½
4 n hi evern evrani smμnþIF kuTacnM
Gevern c smμnþi És Femμa snnþena .
BitEmn taMgBIkalNamk kñúgelaken¼ eBorTaMg-
Lay rEmgmins¶b´rm¶ab´edaykarcgeBoreLIy
eBorTaMgLay Etgs¶b´rm¶ab´edaykarmincgeBor
Fm’’en¼manyUryaNas´mkehIy .
GFib,ayKafa
bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa n hi evern CaedIm esckIþfa
«bmafa buK:llagnUvTIEdlRbLak´edayrbs´minsðat man
Twkmat´ nigsMeárCaedImedayrbs´minsðatTaMgena¼ rEmgmin
-111- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
GaceFVITIena¼[sðatbrisuT§át´køinsðúyáneLIy/ edayBit
TIena¼ RtLb´CaTIminsðat nigmankøinsðúyéRkElgCagedIm
y¨agNamij buK:lkaleCrtbbuK:lEdleCr RbhartbbuK:l
EdlRbhar rEmgminGacjúaMgeBor[s¶b´áneLIy/ edayBit
eKeQμa¼faeFVIeBorena¼Ég[éRkElgeLIg@dUecña¼ sUm,Ikñúgkal
Na@ EdleQμa¼faeBorTaMgLay rEmgmins¶b´rm¶ab´áneday
karcgeBor/ edayBit eQμa¼farEmgceRmInEtmü¨ag edayRbkar
dUecñ¼ .
BIrbTfa Gevern c smμnþi esckIþfa «bmafa rbs´
minsðat manTwkmat´CaedImena¼ EdlbuK:llagedayTwkføa
rEmgsðatbrisuT§án/ TIena¼rEmgCaTIsðat minmankøinsðúy
y¨agNamij eBorTaMgLayrEmgrm¶ab´ KWrEmgs¶b´ ándl´
rEmgdl´karminmanedaykarminmaneBor KWedayTwk KWxnþI nig
emtþa edaykareFVITukkñúgcitþeday«áyd¾RbéB nigedaykar
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -112-
BicarNadUecña¼ .
áTRB¼Kafafa És Femμa sunnþena esckIþfa Fm’’en¼
KWkars¶b´rm¶ab´eBoredaykarmincgeBor Carbs´cas´ KWCamaK’a
énRB¼BuT§ RB¼bec©kBuT§ nigRB¼xINaRsBTaMgLay Edl
elakeFVIdMeNIreTAehIy RKb´@ RB¼Gg: .
kñúgkalcb´RB¼Kafa nagykçinIena¼ taMgenAkñúgesata
btþipl . eTsnaánCakfa manRbeyaCn_sUm,Idl´bris&T
EdlmkRbCuMKñaTIena¼ .
nagykçinIdwgePøógeRcInePøógtic
RB¼sasþa ánRtas´eTAkan´®sþIena¼fa ²nagcUrRKl´
buRtrbs´nagdl´nagykçinIcu¼ ³ .
s¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:xøac .
t¿ nagkuMxøaceLIy/ GnþrayrEmgminmandl´nageRBa¼
GaRs&ynagykçinIen¼eLIy .
-113- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
nagán[buRtdl´ykçinIena¼ehIy nagykçinIena¼k¾TTYl
Tarkena¼mk{befIbehIy RbKl´CUnnagkulFItavijehIy k¾
epþImyM RKaena¼ RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrnagykçinIena¼fa ehtudUc
emþcánCanagyM .
nagykçinIena¼RkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn BImun
¹RB¼Gg:ciBa©wmCIvitedaymineRCIserIspøÚv k¾enAEtminánGahar
eBjépÞ/ }LÚven¼ ¹RB¼Gg:nwgciBa©wmCIvitány¨agdUcemþc³ .
RKaena¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´lYgelamnagykçinIena¼fa ²nag
kuMRBÜyeLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy Rtas´eTAkan´nagkulFItafa ²nagcUr
naMnagykçinIeTAenAkñúgpÞ¼rbs´nag ehIycUrp:t´p:g´edaybbr nig
áyd¾fμIefμagTaMgLaycu¼³ ®sþIena¼naMnagykçinIeTAehIy [
sRmakenAkñúgeragt,al´ ánp:t´p:g´edaybbr nigáyfμIefμag
TaMgLay . kñúgevlabukRsÚv GERgRákddl´nagykçinIena¼
dUcRbharsirsa eTIbnagehAnagkulFItaEdlCasmøaj´mk
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -114-
ehIy niyayfa ²¹minGacenATIen¼án sUmnagcUr[¹sñak´
enAkñúgTIdéTcu¼³ nagkulFItak¾[sñak´enAkñúgTITaMgen¼ KWkñúgerag
GERg Ek,rBagTwk Ek,rc®g;an eRkamsMyabpÞ¼ elIKMnrsRmam
Ek,rTVarRsúk/ ( nag ) k¾eBalfa ²kñúgeragGERg GERgrEmg
RákddUcCaRbharsirsa¹/ Ek,rBagTwk BYkekμgrEmgcak´Twk
Edlsl´eTAEk,rBagTwk/ Ek,rc®g;anen¼hVÚgsunxrEmgmkedk/
eRkamsMyabpÞ¼/BYkekμgrEmgeFVInUvvtSúminsðat/Ek,rKMnrsRmam
CnTaMgLayrEmgcak´sRmam/ Ek,rekøagTVar ekμgGñkRsúk
rEmgelgEl,gxñac´ ²dUecñ¼ehIy ánhamTITaMgBYgena¼³ .
RKaena¼ nagkulFIta k¾[nagykçinIena¼sRmakenAkñúg
TId¾s¶at´xageRkARsúk ehIynaMePaCn manbbr nigáyCaedIm
d¾fμIefμageTAedIm,Ip:t´p:g´nagykçnIkñúgTIena¼ nagykçinIena¼Kit
y¨agen¼fa ²}LÚven¼ ®sþICasmøaj´rbs´eyIg man«bkar£
dl´eyIgeRcIn eyIgKYrEteFVIGVImYyedIm,Itbsñg sgKuNnag³
-115- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
dUecñ¼ehIy ánRáb´®sþIEdlCasmøaj´ena¼fa ²kñúgqñaMen¼nwg
manePøógFøak´lð/ nagcUreFVIsnÞÚgkñúgTITYlcu¼/ kñúgqñaMen¼ePøógBMulð
nagcUreFVInUvsnÞÚgkñúgTITMnab Etmü¨agcu¼ . RsÚvEdlBYkCnd¾
esseFVIehIy rEmgvinaseTAedayTwkxø¼ edayminmanTwkxø¼ .
cMENksnÞÚgrbs´nagkulFItaena¼ rEmgbribUN’éRkElg .
nagykçinIcab´epþImtaMgslakPtþ
RKaena¼ BYkCnTaMgLayd¾essnaMKñasYrnagkulFItafa
²En+nag snÞÚgEdlnageFVIehIy rEmgminvinasedayTwkéRkeBk
rEmgminvinasedayTwktic/ nagdwgnUvPav£énqñaMmanePøóglð nig
qñaMmanePøógminlðehIyeTIbeFVInUvkargar¦ ? nagRáb´fa ²nag
ykçinICasmøaj´rbs´¹Ráb´nUvPav£énqñaMman ePøóglð nigqñaMman
ePøógminlðdl´¹/ ¹eFVIsnÞÚgTaMgLaykñúgTITYl nigTITMnabtam
Bakürbs´ykçinIena¼/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbsnÞÚgrbs´¹seRmc
ánbribUN’/ BYkGñkTaMgLaymineXIjnUvePaCnTaMgLay man
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -116-
bbr nigáyCaedImEdl¹[eKnaMeTAGMBIpÞ¼rbs´¹edIm,InagGs´
kalCanic©eT¦ ? vtSúTaMgLaymanbbr nigáyCaedImena¼ KW¹
naMeTAedIm,InagykçinIena¼ sUm,IGñkTaMgBYgk¾cUrnaMePaCnTaMg-
Laymanbbr nigáyd¾fμIefμagCaedImeTAedIm,InagykçinIena¼xø¼
cu¼ nagykçinIena¼ k¾nwgRbemIlemIlnUvkargarTaMgLay rbs´
eyIgral´Kña³ .
RKaena¼ BYkCnEdlenAkñúgRkúgTaMgmUl naMKñaeFVIsk;ar-
bUCadl´nagykçinIena¼/ cab´epþImGMBIena¼mk nagykçinIena¼ k¾
RbemIlemIlnUvkargarTaMgLayrbs´CnTaMgBYg Ca®sþIdl´ehIy
nUvPav£CaGñkef;IgedaylaP Ca®sþImanbrivareRcIn .
kñúgkaltmk nagykçinIena¼ taMgepþImnUvslakPtþ 8
kEnøg . slakPtþena¼ CnTaMgLayánnaMKñaeFVIt@ mkdl´
sBVéf¶en¼ >€
( erOgkarekIténnagkaLIykçinI cb´ )
5 erOgPikçúekasm<I
esckIþxagedIm
RB¼sasþa kalKg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBn RTg´RárB§BYkPikçú
ekasm<I Rtas´RB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ²ber c n viCannþi³ CaedIm .
RB¼vin&yFr nig RB¼FmμkfikRbEkkKñaerOgvin&y
esckIþBisþþarfa PikçúBIrrUb KWRB¼vin&yFrmYyrUb RB¼Fmμ-
kfikmYyrUb manbrivarmYyrUb@ 500 enAkñúgeXasitaram eTob
Rkúgekasm<I . éf¶mYy RB¼FmμkfikcUlbg:n´ ehIybnßl´Twk
sRmab´CRm¼TukkñúgPaCn£CRm¼kñúgbnÞb´Twkena¼ ehIyk¾ecjmk
vij xageRkaymkRB¼vin&yFrcUleTAbnÞb´Twkena¼ eXIjTwk
ena¼ ecjmksYrRB¼Fmμkfikfa ²mñalGavuesa elakbnßl´
TwkTuk¦³ ?
Fmμ¿ kruNa elakd¾manGayu .
vi¿ elakmindwgfaCaGabtþi eRBa¼karbnßl´TwkTukeT¦ ?
-118- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
Fmμ¿ kruNa ¹mindwgeT .
vi¿ Gavuesa elakmindwgfaCaGabtþi edaykarbnßl´Twk
Tuken¼ k¾eNHIycu¼ .
Fmμ¿ ebIdUecña¼ ¹nwgsEmþgGabtþiena¼ecj .
vi¿ mñalGavuesa RbsinebIesckIþnu+¼elakminmancitþEkøg
eRBa¼karminmansti/ Gabtþiminman .
RB¼Fmμkfikena¼ ánCaGñkmankareXIjGabtþiena¼fa
minEmnGabtþi .
cMENkRB¼vin&yFránRáb´sisßrbs´xøÜnfa ²RB¼Fmμ-
kfikrUbena¼RtÚvGabtþiehIyk¾mindwgfaCaGabtþi³ . sisßrbs´
RB¼vin&yFrena¼ eXIjsisßrbs´RB¼Fmμkfikena¼ehIy án
eBalfa²RB¼«bCÄay_rbs´BYkelaksUm,IRtÚvGabtþiehIy k¾min
dwgfaCaGabtþi³ . sisßrbs´Fmμkfikena¼eTARáb´«CÄay_rbs´
xøÜn. RB¼Fmμkfikena¼niyayy¨agen¼fa²RB¼vin&yFrrUben¼ kal
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -119-
munniyayfa ²minCaGabtþi³ }LÚven¼niyayfaCaGabtþi³ RB¼-
vin&yFrrUbena¼niyaymusa³ sisßrbs´RB¼Fmμkfikena¼niyay
fa ²RB¼«bCÄay_rbs´BYkelakniyaymusa³ . sisßrbs´RB¼
vin&yFr nigRB¼Fmμkfikena¼júaMgCemøa¼[ceRmInehIy eday
Rbkary¨agen¼ .
xageRkaymk RB¼vin&yFrán{kasehIy k¾áneFVI
«ekçbnIykmμdl´RB¼Fmμkfik eRBa¼eTasEdlmineXIjGabtþi
cab´BIeBlena¼mk sUm,IBYk«bdæakGñkfVaybc©&yrbs´PikçúTaMg
BIrrUbena¼k¾ánEbkCaBIrBYk . BYkPikçúnIGñkTTYl{vaTkIþ BYk
GarkçeTvtakIþ rbs´PikçúTaMgBIrrUbena¼ BYkGakasdæeTvtaCamitþ
RKan´EteXIj RBmTaMgmitþsñiT§sñalrbs´BYkGarkçeTvtaTaMgena¼
kIþ/ BYkbufuC¢nTaMgBYgkIþ ánEbkCaBIrBYk rhUtdl´RBhμelak k¾
mansMeLgKwkkgRbRBwtþeTAdUcKña ánmanrhUtdl´GnidæRBhμ .
RB¼sasþaRtas´eRbónRbedA[samKI:Kña
RKaena¼ PikçúmYyrUbcUleTAKal´RB¼tfaKt RkabTUldl´
karEdlBYkPikçúGñkelIkvtþRbkan´fa ²RB¼FmμkfikrUben¼ sgÇ
elIkvtþehIyedaykmμEdlRbkbedayFm’’³ nigkarEdlBYkPikçú
GñkRbRBwtþtamFmμkfikEdlsgÇ elIkvtþehIyRbkan´fa ²RB¼-
«bCÄay_rbs´BYkeyIg sgÇelIkvtþehIyedaykmμEdlmin
RbkbedayFm’³ nigkarEdlBYkPikçúGñkRbRBwtþtamRB¼Fmμkfik
EdlsgÇelIkvtþTaMgena¼ sUm,IEdlBYkPikçúGñkelIkvtþham
ehIy k¾enAEtcecsRtac´tamEhhmecameramRB¼Fmμkfikena¼
dEdl . RB¼manRB¼PaKbBa¢Ún{vaTeTAfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay
GñkTaMgLaycUrRBmeRBógKña³ Gs´var£BIrdg RTg´RB¼sNþab´
fa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn PikçúTaMgLayminRBmeRBógKñaeT³ kñúg
var£TIbI RTg´RB¼sNþab´fa ²PikçúsgÇEbkKñaehIy³ dUecñ¼ eTIb
esþcyageTAkan´smñak´rbs´PikçúTaMgLay ehIyRtas´eTas
kñúgkarelIkvtþrbs´BYkPikçúGñkelIkvtþ nigeTaskñúgkarmin
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -121-
eXIjGabtþirbs´BYkPikçúeRkAen¼ ehIyRTg´GnuBaØatsgÇkmμTaMg
Lay man«eásfCaedImkñúgsImaCamYyKña kñúgvtþeXasita-
ramena¼dl´PikçúTaMgLayeTot ehIyRTg´bBaØtþvtþkñúgeragqan´fa
²mñalPikçúTaMgLay GñkTaMgLayKb,IGg:úyCaCYrelIGasn£
mYy@ Cacenøa¼@³ dUecñ¼CaedIm dl´PikçúTaMgLayGñkekItkarRb-
kYtRbkan´KñakñúgTITaMgLay maneragqan´ CaedIm ehIyRTg´
RB¼sNþab´fa²sUm,I}LÚven¼ PikçúTaMgLayk¾enAEtRbkYtRbkan´
eQøa¼Tas´ETgKñadEdl eTIbesþcyageTAvtþeXasitaramena¼
ehIyRtas´hamfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaykuMRbkYt
Rbkan´eQøa¼Tas´ETgKñaeLIy³ dUecñ¼CaedIm ehIyRTg´Rtas´fa
²mñalPikçúTaMgLay EdleQμa¼fa karRbkYtRbkan´Kña kareQøa¼
Tas´ETgKña karRbkan´ExVgKMnitKña nigkarvivaTKñaena¼ naMmknUv
esckIþvinas/ BitNas´ sUm,IstVecobkb,asGaRs&ykar
eQøa¼KñaGaceFVI[esþcdMrIdl´karGs´CIvit³ dUecñ¼ehIy RTg´
-122- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
Rtas´ldukikCatk*
ehIyRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay Gñk
TaMgLaycUrRBmeRBógKñacu¼ kuMvivaTKñaeLIy eRBa¼fa sUm,IstV
ecobkb,asCaeRcInBan´GaRs&ykarvivaTKña ándl´karGs´
CIvit³ dUecñ¼ehIy Rtas´vdþkCatk*
.
Rtas´eRbónRbedAbu¨nμank¾mineCO
sUm,IRB¼smμasm<úT§ RTg´TUnμaneRbónRbedAy¨agNak¾
eday PikçúTaMgena¼k¾minsþab´ kalPikçúEdlCa FmμvaTImYyrUbmin
eBjcitþ[tfaKtlMák ánRkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾cMerIn
sUmRB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ CaesþcénFm’’ sUmRTg´rg´caMsincu¼
bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn sUmRB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´mankarxVl´
xVaytic BüayamRbkbnUvFm’’EdlCaeRKÓgenACasuxkñúgTidæFm’’
cu¼ BYk¹RB¼Gg:nwgRákdeRBa¼karRbkYtRbkan´ kareQøa¼ kar
*
xu¿ Ca¿ bBa©k¿ .
*
xu¿ Ca¿ Ék¿ .
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -123-
Rbkan´ExVgKMnitKña nigkarvivaTKñaena¼Ég RB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´
dMNaldl´karEdlRB¼áTTIXItiekaslraC RtÚvRB¼áT
RBhμTtdeNIþmykraCsm,tþi RB¼Gg:bnøMePTmin[nrNas:al´
( RTg´Kg´enAkñúgRkúgBaraNsI ) RtÚvRB¼áTRBhμTtþcab´pþac´
RB¼Cnμ nigkarEdlRB¼áTRBhμTt RBmTaMgTIXavukumarena¼
RBmeRBógKña cab´epþImBIeBlEdlTIXavukumaránfVayCIvitdl´
RB¼Gg:fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay manRB¼áTRkúgkasI ( mYyRB¼
Gg: ) RTg´RB¼namfa RB¼áTRBhμTtþ³ dUecñ¼CaedIm sUm,IRtas´
eRbónRbedAfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLayesckIþGt´Fn´ nigkars¶b´
es¶ómEbbena¼ ánmanehIydl´RB¼raCaTaMgena¼ GñkmandMbg
Edlkan´TukehIy Gñkmans®sþaenAkñúgédehIy mñalPikçúTaMg
Lay karEdlGñkTaMgLaybYsehIy kñúgFmμvin&yEdltfaKt
sEmþgehIyedayRbéBy¨agen¼ KYrCaGñkGt´Fn´ CaGñks¶b´
es¶óm nigKb,IsðatkñúgFmμvin&yen¼Ég³ dUecñ¼ k¾enAEtminGac
-124- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
eFVIPikçúTaMgLay[RBmeRBógKñaán .
RB¼sasþaRTg´GpßúkeTIbesþceKceTAcaMvsßa
enAkñúgéRBrkçitv&n
RB¼Gg:RTg´GpßúkRB¼T&y eRBa¼karenARcbUkRcbl´ eTIb
RTg´RB¼cinþafa²karEdltfaKtenARcbUkRcbl´Kñay¨agen¼ rEmg
CaTukç ehIyPikçúTaMgen¼k¾mineFVI ( tam ) Bakürbs´tfaKteTot
ebIdUecña¼ tfaKtKb,IeKcecjGMBIBYk eTAenAEtmYyRB¼Gg:Ég³
dUecñ¼ehIy esþcRtac´biNÐátkñúgRkúgekasm<I minRtas´Ráb´
BYkPikçúsgÇ RTg´kan´áRt nigcIvrrbs´RB¼Gg:esþcyageTA
BalkelaNkaramEtmYyRB¼Gg:Ég Rtas´Ékcarikvtþdl´
RB¼PK:úetSrkñúgBalkelaNkaramena¼ehIy Rtas´Ganisgßén
karsamKI:rsdl´kulbuRt 3 nak´kñúgmiKTav&neQμa¼ ácinvgß
ehIyesþcyageTAkan´Rsúkálielyük£ dUcánsþab´mk
RKaena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKRTg´GaRs&yRsúkálielyük£ esþc
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -125-
caMvsßaenAeRkamedImsalRBwkßFM kñúgdgéRBrkçitv&n EdldMrI
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viharmineXIjRB¼sasþa eTIbsYrfa ²RB¼sasþaesþcyageTA
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«¿ eRBa¼ehtuGVI elakm©as´ ?
P¿ RB¼Gg:RTg´BüayamnwgeFVIBYkeyIg[RBmeRBógKña Et
BYkeyIg minánRBmeRBógKña .
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samK:IKña/ minsamK:IKña¦ ?
PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyfa mñal«áskTaMgLay y¨agena¼
-126- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT
Ég .
«ásk «ásikaTaMgena¼KitKñafa ²BYkPikçúTaMgen¼bYs
kñúgsmñak´RB¼sasþaehIy/
kalRB¼Gg:RTg´sEmþgFm’[samK:I Kña k¾minsamK:IKña
BYkeyIgmináneXIjRB¼sasþaeRBa¼Ga-Rs&yPikçúTaMgen¼/
BYkeyIgnwgminfVayGasn£ nwgmineFVIsamI cikmμ
mankarsMB¼CaedImdl´PikçúTaMgen¼³ cab´epIþmBIena¼mkk¾
mineFVIsUm,IRtwmEtsamIcikmμdl´PikçúTaMgena¼ . PikçúTaMgLay
s:aMgs:meRBa¼karmanGahartic/ edayBIrbIéf¶bu¨eNÑa¼k¾Camnusß
Rtg´ sEmþgnUveTasEdlRbRBwtþknøgehIydl´KñanigKña júaMg
KñanigKña[Gt´eTas[ ehIyeBalfa mñal«ásk nig«á-
sikaTaMgLay eyIgTaMgLayRBmeRBógKñaehIy/ cMENkBYk
elakcUrRbeKnbc©&y 4 dl´BYkeyIgdUckalmuncu¼³ .
«¿ elakm©as´TaMgLay sUm[RB¼sasþaGt´eTas[
ehIy¦ ?
ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -127-
Pi¿ mñalGñkd¾manGayuTaMgLay eyIgTaMgLayminTan´
sUm[RTg´Gt´eTas[enAeLIyeT .
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RB¼sasþacu¼ cMENk¹m©as´TaMgLaynwgRbeKnbc©&y 4 dl´
elakm©as´TaMgLaydUcBImuneTot kñúgkalNaEdlelak
m©as´TaMgLay sUm[RB¼sasþaGt´eTas[ .
PikçúTaMgLayminGacnwgeTAkan´smñak´RB¼sasþa eRBa¼
CakalenAkñúgvsßa júaMgkalxagkñúgvsßaena¼ [knøgeTA
edaylMák .
dMrIálielyük£«bdæakRB¼sasþa
cMENkRB¼sasþa EdldMrId¾RbesIrena¼p:t´p:g´ RTg´Kg´
enACasux . cMENkdMrIena¼ l¼bg´nUvhVÚgcUleTAkan´dgéRBena¼
edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl´kiriyaenACasuxEdr . RB¼Fmμsg:ahkacarü
eBalTuky¨agNa ?
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យមកវគ្គ ១

  • 1. ERb nigeroberogeday P uvNÑefera lwm Fn;ikçús B¿s 2550 extþát´dMbg
  • 2. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaFmμbT vK:TI 1 eQμa¼ymkvK: 222 Y 222 1 ymkvNÑna 1 erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr esckIþxagedIm manbucäafa ²RB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ½ Fm’’TaMgLay mancitþCaRbFan mancitþRbesIrbMput mancitþCaFM seRmcGMBIcitþ ebIbuK:lmancitþRtÚveTas RbTUsþehIy eBalkIþ eFVIkIþ ( nUvTuc©rit ) eRBa¼Tuc©rit TaMgena¼ TukçrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA dUckg´reT¼ viltamdaneCIgeKaEdlkMBugGUsnwmeTA .
  • 3. -2- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletS dUecñ¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´sEmþgenATINa ? visC¢nafa RB¼Gg:RTg´Rtas´sEmþgenARkúgsavtSI . manbucäa ( CalMdab´teTA ) fa ²RB¼Gg:RTg´RárB§cMeBa¼ buK:lNa³ ? manvisC¢nafa ²RB¼Gg:RTg´RárB§RB¼ckçúáletSr ³ . kudum<Ik_eFVIBiFIsMubuRt án|fa enAkñúgRkúgsavtSI mankudum<Ik_mñak´ eQμa¼mha suvNÑ CaGñksþúksþmÖ manRTBü mansm,tþieRcIn ( bu¨Enþ ) min manbuRt. éf¶mYyKat´áneFVIdMeNIreTAkMBg´Twk gUtTwkeRscehIy k¾RtLb´mkvij eXIjedImeQIFMEdlCam©as´éRBmYyedIm Ebk EmksaxaenAtampøÚv k¾Kitfa ²edImeQIen¼RákdCamaneTvta EdlmanskiþFMenAminxan³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIb[eKCRm¼cMENk xageRkaménedImeQIena¼[sðatehIy [eFVIrbgBT§CuMvij ekor xßac´ elIkTg´C&y nigTg´bdaeLIg tubEtgedImeQIena¼ehIy eFVIesckIþRáfña ( KWbn´Rsn´ ) fa RbsinebI¹ánbuRt ¦FIta
  • 4. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -3- Emnena¼ ²¹m©as´nwgeFVInUveRKÓgsk;ar£ FMbUCacMeBa¼elak³ dUecñ¼ ehIy k¾ecosecjeTA . kudum<Ik_ánbuRtBIrnak´ eRkaymk Priyarbs´esdæIk¾taMgKP’eLIg . esdæIk¾ [BiFIrkßaKP’dl´nag . lu¼knøgeTA 10 Ex nagRbsUt buRtmñak´ esdæIdak´eQμa¼buRtena¼fa ²ál£³ eRBa¼kUnena¼ án mkedayGaRs&yedImeQImYyedImFM EdlxøÜnrkßaena¼ . eRkaymkeTot esdæIk¾ánbuRtmñak´eTot Kat´ándak´ eQμa¼[fa ²culøál£³ dak´eQμa¼buRtc,gfa ²mhaál£³ lu¼kumarTaMgBIrnak´ena¼ceRmInv&yehIy matabitak¾Kitcgeday cMNg KWkarRKb´RKgpÞ¼ . kñúgkalCacMENkdéT matabita áneFVIkalkiriyaeTA . BYkjatik¾ebIkXøaMgykRTBüTaMgGs´ RbKl´[esdæIbuRtTaMgBIrnak´ena¼ .
  • 5. RB¼sasþaRTg´Kg´enAkñúgRkúgsavtSI 25 vsßa k¾kñúgsm&yena¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´RbkasRB¼Fmμck;d¾bvr [RbRBwtþeTAehIy esþcyageTAkan´TIcarikedaylMdab´ RTg´ Kg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBnmhavihar EdlGnafbiNÐikesdæIbric©aK RTBü rab´án 54 ekadisagfVay RTg´TUnμanmhaCn[taMgenA kñúgpøÚvsUK’ nigpøÚvniBVan . BitNas´ RB¼tfaKt RTg´Kg´caMvsßaenAkñúgnieRKaF mhavihar EdlRB¼jativgßxagRB¼mata 8 muWnRtkUl/ xag bita 8 muWnRtkUl rYmKñaCa 16 muWnRtkUlsagfVayEtmYy vsßabu¨eNÑa¼/ esþcKg´caMvsßaenAkñúgeCtvnmhavihar Edl GnafbiNÐikesdæIsagfVay 19 vsßa/ esþcKg´caMvsßaenAkñúg buBVaram Edlnagvisaxamha«ásikabric©aKRTBü rab´án 27 ekadisagfVay 6 vsßa/ RTg´GaRs&yRtkUlTaMgBIrEdlCaFM edayKuNFm’ esþcRTg´Kg´caMvsßaenARkúgsavtSI ehIyGaRs&y RkúgsavtSICaeKacrRKam 25 vsßa edayRbkardUecñ¼ .
  • 6. GñkTMnukbRmúgPikçúsameNr TaMgGnafbiNÐikesdæI TaMgvisaxamha«ásika EtgEt eTAkan´TIbeRmIRB¼tfaKtmYyéf¶BIrdgCaRbcaM . ehIykalnwg eTAminFøab´manédTeTeTAeT edayKitERkgfa ²PikçúkMela¼ RBm TaMgsameNrnwgRkeLkemIlnUvédrbs´xøÜn . kaleTAmuneBl qan´ rEmgeRbIbeRmI[kan´ykrbs´TMBasuICaedImeTACamYy/ kal eTAeRkayeBlqan´ eRbIbeRmI[kan´ykbBa©ePsC¢£ nigGdæán eTA . ehIykñúgeKhdæanénelakTaMgBIrena¼ Kat´tak´EtgGasn£ TukedIm,IPikçú 2 Ban´rUbkñúgeKhdæannImYy@ Canic© . PikçúrUbNa Ráfñarbs´Na eTa¼bICaáy Twk ¦ePsC¢£ rbs´ena¼k¾seRmc dl´PikçúrUbena¼smdUcRáfña . esdæIminFøab´TUlsYrbBaHa bNþaelakTaMgBIrena¼ GnafbiNÐikesdæIminFøab´TUl sYrbBaHacMeBa¼RB¼sasþamþgNaeLIy . án|fa esdæIKitfa ²RB¼tfaKtCaRB¼BuT§/ EdlCasuxumalCati CakßRtsuxumal-
  • 7. -6- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr Cati kalRTg´sEmþgFm’dl´eyIg edayRTg´RB¼tRmi¼fa²KhbtI man«bkar£cMeBa¼tfaKteRcIn dUecñ¼ RB¼Gg:nwgRTg´lMákRB¼ kay³ ehIyminTUlsYrbBaHa edayesckIþRsLaj´kñúgRB¼sasþa Cay¨agéRkElg. cMENkRB¼sasþa lu¼GnafbiNÐikesdæIGg:úy ehIy RTg´manRB¼BuT§tRmi¼fa ²esdæIen¼rkßaeyIgkñúgTIEdlmin KYrrkßa eRBa¼fa eyIgkat´sirsarbs´eyIgEdlRbdab´ehIy/ exV¼dYgRB¼enRtrbs´eyIg[eTACaTan ehIykat´sac´eb¼dUg rbs´eyIg l¼bg´kUnRbBn§ EdlCaTIRsLaj´esμIedayCIvit rbs´eyIg[eTACaTan ehIybMeBjármIGs´ 4 Gsegçyü nigmYyEsnkb, k¾edIm,IsEmþgFm’’dl´GñkdéTbu¨eNÑa¼ esdæIen¼ rkßaeyIgkñúgTIEdlminKYrrkßa³ ( lu¼RTg´BuT§tRmi¼ ) dUecñ¼ehIy k¾RTg´Rtas´RB¼FmμeTsna 1 kNÐ Canic© . GñkRkúúgsavtSIeTAsþab´Fm’’ RKaena¼ enAkñúgRkúgsavtSImanmnusß 7 ekadi bNþa
  • 8. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -7- mnusßTaMgena¼ Gñkánsþab´Fmμkfarbs´RB¼sasþaehIy án eTACaGriysavkRbmaN 5 ekadi enACabufuC¢nRbmaN 2 ekadi . bNþamnusßTaMgena¼ kic©rbs´GriysavkmanRtwmEtBIry¨ag bu¨eNÑa¼ KWmunPtþ elakfVayTan/ eRkayPtþ elakmanédkan´ eRKÓgsk;arbUCa maneRKÓgRkGUb nigkRmgp;aCaedIm ehIy eRbImnusß[kan´eTyüFm’’ mansMBt´ ePsC¢£ nigTwkán£ CaedIm eTAedIm,Isþab´Fm’’ . éf¶mYy kudum<Ik_mhaáleXIjBYkGriysavkmanédkan´ eRKÓgsk;arbUCa maneRKÓgRkGUb nigkRmgp;aCaedIm eTAkan´ vihar eTIbsYrfa ²mhaCnTaMgen¼eTANahñwg ? ³ lu¼án|fa ²eTAsþab´Fm’’ ³ k¾Kitfa ²eyIgeTAEdr³ lu¼eTAdl´viharfVaybg:M RB¼sasþaehIy Gg:úyenAxagcugRbCuMCn . FmμtaRB¼BuT§TaMg- Lay kalnwgRTg´sEmþgFm’’ RTg´RtÜtemIl«bnisß&yénKuN mansrN£ sIl nigbBVC¢a CaedIm ( sin ) ehIy eTIbRTg´
  • 9. -8- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr sEmþgFm’’tamGFüaRs&y . GnubuBVIkfa 5 y¨ag ehtuena¼ éf¶ena¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´TteXIj«bnisß&y rbs´kudum<Ik_mhaálehIy kalnwgRTg´sEmþgFm’’ ánRtas´ GnuBVIkfa KWRTg´RbkasTankfa(BN’naTan)sIlkfa(BN’na sIl ) sK:kfa ( BN’nazansYK’ ) GaTInvkfa ( BN’naGMBIeTas rbs´kamTaMgLay ) enkçmμkfa ( KWBN’naGMBIGanisgßénkar ecjcakkamTaMgLay ) . mhaálsuMbYs kudum<Ik_mhaálánsþab´Fm’’ena¼ehIy Kitfa ²buRt nig FItakIþ ePaKsm,tþikIþ rEmgeTAtamGñkeTAkan´brelakminán sUm,IsrIr£k¾eTACamYynwgxøÜnminánpg karEdleyIgenARKb´ RKgpÞ¼ etIánCaRbeyaCn_GVI eyIgnwgbYs/ lu¼eTsnacb´ mhaál£k¾cUleTA Kal´RB¼sasþaTUlsuMbYs³ . xN£ena¼
  • 10. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -9- RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrmhaálfa ²jatiNa@ rbs´GñkEdlRtÚv laminmaneT¦³ ? mhaálTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹ RB¼Gg:manbðÚnRbúsmñak´³ . RB¼sasþa RTg´Rtas´Ráb´fa ebIdUecña¼ GñkcUrlaeK ( sin ) . mhaálRbKl´sm,tþi[bðÚnRbús mhaálTTYlfa ²lðehIy RB¼Gg:³ fVaybg:MRB¼sasþa ehIy RtLb´eTApÞ¼vij lu¼eTAdl´pÞ¼ehIy k¾[eKehAbðÚn RbúsmkRbKl´RTBüsm,tþi[fa ²EnbðÚnsmøaj´ sviBaØaNk RTBükIþ GviBaØaNkRTBükIþ ÉNanImYymanenAkñúgRtkUlen¼ cUr CaPar£rbs´ÉgTaMgGs´ ÉgcUrRKb´RKgRTBüena¼cu¼³ . bðÚnRbússYrfa ²bgsmøaj´ k¾bgÉgy¨agem¨c³ ? bgRbúseqøIyfa ²bgeTAbYskñúgsmñak´RB¼sasþa³ . bðÚn¿ bgniyayGVI kalmatarbs´¹søab´ehIy ¹ánbg
  • 11. -10- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr ÉgdUcCamata kalbitasøab´ehIy ánbgÉgdUcCabita . sm,tþiCaeRcInmanenAkñúgpÞ¼rbs´bg/ bgÉgenARKb´RKgpÞ¼ k¾ GaceFVIbuNüánEdr/ sUmbgkuMeFVIy¨agena¼eLIy . bg¿ bðÚnsmøaj´bgánsþab´FmμeTsnarbs´RB¼sasþa manlmðbTedIm bTkNþal nigbTcug elIkeLIgkan´éRt- lkçN_d¾¾lðitsuxum Fm’’ena¼nrNa@ k¾minGacnwgbMeBj[bri- bUN’dUcCas&gçEdleKxat´ehIy kñúgPaBCaXravasáneLIy/ bgnwgbYsehIy bðÚnsmøaj´ . bðÚn¿ eGI bgsmøaj´ }LÚven¼ bgenAekμg kuMGalbYsGI/ caMbgcas´sin swmbYscu¼ . bg¿ bðÚnsmøaj´ k¾éd nigeCIgrbs´mnusßcas´ ( sUm,I Et) xøÜn k¾faminsþab´ Ráb´mintam minRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGMNacxøÜn/ nwgeBaleTAfVIdl´jatiTaMgLay bgmineFVI ( tam ) Bakürbs´ ÉgeT/ bgnwgbMeBjsmNFm’’[bribUN’ .
  • 12. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -11- éd nigeCIgrbs´GñkNa RTúDeRTameTAeRBa¼Cra faminsþab´ Ráb´mintam Gñkena¼ mankmøaMgEdl Crakm©at´ehIy nwgRbRBwtþFm’dUcemþcán . bgnwgbYs[Tal´Etán N+abðÚnsmøaj´ . mhaálbBVC¢a«bsm,Ta kalbðÚnRbúskMBugERskyMena¼Ég/ mhaáláneTAkan´ smñak´RB¼sasþa ehIyTUlsuMbYs ánbBVC¢a«bsm,TaehIy enAkñúgsmñak´rbs´Gacarü nigRB¼«bCÄay_ 5 vsßa lu¼RKb´ 5 vsßa bvarNaecjvsßaehIy cUleTAKal´RB¼sasþa fVay bg:MehIy TUlsYrfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn kñúgRB¼sasna en¼manFur£bu¨nμany¨ag ?³ Fur£ 2 y¨agkñúgRB¼sasna RB¼sasþaRTg´Rtas´eqøIyfa ²mñalPikçú Fur£man 2 y¨ag bu¨eNÑa¼ KW KnSFur£ nig vibsßnaFur£³ .
  • 13. -12- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr RB¼mhaálTUlsYrfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn k¾KnSFur£ ena¼ etIdUcemþc ? vibsßnaFur£dUcemþcEdr ? s¿ Fur£ KWkareronnikaymYykIþ BIrnikaykIþ cb´BuT§- vcn£ KWRB¼éRtbidkkIþ tamsmKYrdl´bBaØarbs´xøÜn ehIyRT RTg´Tuk eBal sEmþg Ráb´ ebIkbgHajnUvBuT§vcn£ena¼ eQμa¼fa KnSFur£/ cMENkbBaØaEdlBicarNaeXIjsgçarTaMgLayEdl Gs´eTA nigsUnüeTACaFmμta júaMgvibsßna[ceRmIneday GMNacénkarCab´tKñaehIy kan´ykRB¼Grhtþrbs´PikçúGñkman karRbRBwtþiRsal ehIyeRtkGrd¾éRkElgkñúgesnasn£s¶at´ eQμa¼fa vibsßnaFur£ . m¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:bYsehIy kñúgkal EdlxøÜnCamnusßcas´ minGacnwgbMeBjKnSFur£[bribUN’án eT/ bu¨Enþ¹RB¼Gg:nwgbMeBjvibsßnaFur£[bribUN’/ sUmRB¼Gg: Rtas´Ráb´RB¼kmμdæandl´¹RB¼Gg:cu¼ .
  • 14. RB¼mhaáleFVIdMeNIreTAkan´RsúkCayEdn RKaena¼ RB¼sasþa ánRtas´Ráb´RB¼kmμdæanrhUtdl´ RB¼Grhtþ dl´RB¼mhaál . elakfVaybg:MRB¼sasþa ehIy EsVgrkPikçúEdlCashFmμikánPikçú 60 rUb ehIyecj eTACamYynwgPikçúTaMgena¼ nimnþeTArhUtGs´cm¶ay pøÚv 120 eyaCn_ dl´RsúkCayEdnmYy k¾cUleTAbiNÐátkñúgRsúkena¼ CamYynwgbrivarrbs´xøÜn . GñkRsúkRC¼føaGaraFna[enAcaMvsßa BYkmnusßeXIjPikçúTaMgLay EdlCaGñkdl´RBmeday vtþehIy k¾mancitþRC¼føa erobcMGasn£ ehIynimnþ[Kg´/ Gg:asedayGahard¾RbNIt@ ehIysYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´ elakm©as´nwgnimnþeTATINa³? PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyfa²mñal«á- sk nig«ásikaTaMgLay ²BYkGatμanwgeTAkan´TIEdlCaTI sb,ay³ dUecñ¼ehIy mnusßTaMgLayEdlCabNÐitdwgfa elak m©as´d¾ceRmInTaMgLay EsVgrkesnasn£edIm,IcaMvsßa³
  • 15. -14- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr eTIbGaraFnafa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmInTaMgLay ebIelak m©as´TaMgLayenAcaMvsßaTIen¼rhUtGs´éRtmasen¼ ¹m©as´TaMg LaynwgtaMgenAkñúgsrN£ ehIyrkßasIl³ . PikçúTaMgLay k¾KiteXIjdUecñ¼fa ²eyIgGaRs&yRtkUlTaMgen¼nwgeFVITIbMputTukç án³ eTIbTTYlnimnþ.BYkmnusßdwgfa PikçúTaMgLayTTYlnimnþ ehIy ánnaMKñaeássMGatvihar erobcMTIsRmab´sRmak eBl éf¶ nigeBlyb´RbeKn . PikçúTaMgLaycUleTAbiNÐátkñúgRsúk ena¼CaRbcaM . RKaena¼ eBTümñak´cUleTArkPikçúTaMgLay ehIy bvarNafa ²elakm©as´d¾ceRmInTaMgLay k¾FmμtakñúglMenAén mnusßeRcInnak´ rEmgmanCMgWdg;at´xø¼ RbsinebIelakm©as´TaMg LaymanGaBaF sUmelakm©as´TaMgLayRáb´¹RB¼kruNa ¹RB¼kruNanwgeFVIePsC¢£RbeKn ³ . RB¼mhaálsmaTanensC¢ikFutg: kñúgéf¶cUlvsßa RB¼efr£ehAPikçúTaMgena¼mk ( RBmKña )
  • 16. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -15- ehIysYrfa ²mñalGñkmanGayuTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaynwg[ éRtmasen¼knøgeTA eday}riyabfbu¨nμan ³ ? PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyRáb´fa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn eyIg¹TaMgLay nwg[knøgeTAeday}riyabfRKb´TaMg 4³ . f¿ mñalGñkmanGayuTaMgLay k¾karena¼smKYr¦ ? eyIgTaMgLayminKYrCaGñkRbmaTminEmn¦ ? eRBa¼eyIgTaMg- Lay eronRB¼kmμdæanmkGMBIsmñak´RB¼BuT§ EdlRTg´enAmanRB¼ Cnμ . Fmμtafa RB¼BuT§TaMgLay buK:lGñkeRcInedaykarGYt Gag minGacjúaMgRB¼Gg:[eRtkGráneT/ eRBa¼fa RB¼BuT§TaMg Lay mnusßmanGFüaRs&ylð ( EtmYycMBUk ) bu¨eNÑa¼ eTIb eFVIRB¼Gg:[eRtkGrán/ mü¨ageTot GáyPUmiTaMg4ebIkTVarrg´ caMbuK:lRbmaT ehIybuK:lRbmaT manpÞ¼ KWGáyPUmi 4/Gñk manGayuTaMgLay sUmGñkTaMgLaykuMmanesckþIRbmaTeLIy. P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn etIelakm©as´dUcemþcEdr ?
  • 17. -16- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr f¿ mñalGñkmanGayuTaMgLay ¹nwg[ ( éRtmasen¼ ) (begðan) knøgeTAeday}riyabf 3 nwgminTeRmtxñgeLIy . P¿ saFu sUmelakm©as´cUrCaGñkminRbmaTcu¼ . ckçúrbs´mhaálBikar kalRB¼efr£minQancu¼kan´ni®nÞa/ júaMgkal[knøgeTA eday}riyabf 3 ánEtmYyExbu¨eNÑa¼/ eraKkñúgEPñkk¾ekIt eLIg . TwkEPñkhUrecjGMBIEPñkTaMgBIrxag dUcCaTwkTaMgLay EdlhUrecjGMBIqñaMgFøú¼ . elakbMeBjsmNFm’’rhUtGs´ raRtIehIy kalGruNr¼eLIg cUleTAkan´bnÞb´Gg:úy . kñúg evlaPikçcar PikçúTaMgLayeTAkan´smñak´RB¼efr£ Ráb´fa²bBiRt elakd¾ceRmIn evlaen¼CaevlaPikçacar³RB¼efr£eBalfa²mñal GavuesaTaMgLay ebIdUecña¼ GñkTaMgLaycUrkan´áRt nigcIvreTA cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy [PikçúTaMgLaykan´áRt nigcIvrrbs´xøÜnecj eTA .
  • 18. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -17- PikçúTaMgLay eXIjEPñkTaMgBIrrbs´RB¼efr£manTwkhUr ecj eTIbsYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn etIelakm©as´ekIt eraKGVI ³ ? f¿ mñalGavuesaTaMgLay xül´cak´edatEPñkrbs´¹ . P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn eyIgTaMgLayCaGñkEdl eBTüánbvarNaTukehIyminEmn¦ ? eyIgKb,IRáb´eBTüena¼ . f¿ RbéBehIy GñkmanGayuTaMgLay . eBTüpßMfñaMRbeKnRB¼efr£ PikçúTaMgLayk¾ánRáb´erOgena¼dl´eBTü . eBTük¾sø- eRbgbBa¢ÚneTARbeKn . RB¼efr£kalbnþk´eRbgkñúgRcmu¼ Gg:úy bnþk´ rYcehIycUleTAkan´Rsúk . eBTüeXIjehIy sYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn án|fa xül´cak´edatEPñkrbs´ elakm©as´BitEmn¦ ? f¿ ceRmInBr «ásk .
  • 19. -18- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr eB¿ elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹m©as´søeRbgehIybBa¢ÚneTA ( RbeKn ) elakm©as´bnþk´tamRcmu¼ehIy¦ ? f¿ ceRmInBr «ásk . eB¿ }LÚven¼ y¨agNaehIy elakm©as´ ? f¿ mñal«ásk enAEtcak´edatdEdl . RB¼mhaálKg´bnþk´fñaM eBTüKitq¶l´kñúgcitþfa ²eyIgbBa¢ÚneRbgeTAedIm,InwgjúaMg eraK[s¶b´ánedaykarbnþk´RtwmEtmþgbu¨eNÑa¼ eTARbeKnehIy ehtudUcemþchñ+ eTIberaKenAminTan´s¶b´³ ? eTIbsYrfa ²elak m©as´d¾ceRmIn eRbgena¼ elakm©as´Kg´bnþk´ ¦k¾swgbnþk´³ ? RB¼efr£enAes¶óm/ sUm,IeBTüsYreTotk¾minRáb´ . eBTüKitfa ²eyIgnwgeTAkan´viharemIllMenArbs´elak edayxøÜnÉg³ dUecña¼ehIy eBalfa ²ebIdUecña¼ sUmelakm©as´ d¾ceRmInnimnþeTAcu¼³ l¼bg´RB¼efr£ehIyeTAkan´vihar emIl
  • 20. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -19- lMenArbs´RB¼efr£ eXIjEtTIc®g;m nigTIGg:úy mineXIjTI edk eTIbsYrfa ²elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn eRbgena¼elakm©as´Kg´ bnþk´ ¦swgbnþk´³ ? RB¼efr£enAes¶óm . eBTüGgVrdEdl@ fa ²elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´kMueFVIy¨agena¼eLIy/ Fmμta smNFm’’kalragkayenARbRBwtþeTAánbu¨eNÑa¼ eTIbGacbM eBján/ sUmelakm©as´swgbnþk´cu¼³ . RB¼ckçúálRbwkßanwgkrC¢kay RB¼efr£eqøIyfa²mñal«ásk caMGatμaRbwkßaemIlsin . k¾kñúgTIena¼minmanjatisaelahitrbs´RB¼efr£eT etIRB¼efr£ RbwkßaCamYynwgnrNaeTA ? KWRbwkßanwgkrC¢kay/ etIRbwkßadUc emþceTA ? RbwkßadUecñ¼fa ²En álit£d¾manGayu GñkcUrfamk emIl GñknwgeXIjdl´ckçú ¦nwgeXIjdl´RB¼BuT§sasna k¾kñúg sgßarvdþEdlmanTIbMput EdlnrNatameTAdwgminán kal KNnarab´xøÜnÉg EdlCaGñkmanEPñkxVak´minán/ ehIyRB¼BuT§
  • 21. -20- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr TaMgLayk¾knøgeTAeRcInry eRcInBan´ Gg:ehIy kñúgRB¼ BuT§TaMgena¼ RB¼BuT§sUm,IEtmYyRB¼Gg: k¾kMNt´dwgminán/ GñkáneFVITukkñúgcitþfa minedkrhUtGs´kal 3 Ex xagkñúgrdUv ePøógen¼minEmn¦/ ehtudUecña¼ ckçúrbs´Gñkvinas ¦k¾EbkFøay k¾edaycu¼ GñkcUrRTRTg´EtRB¼BuT§sasnaTukcu¼ kuMeXIjdl´ckçú eLIy³.kaleBalTUnμanPUtkay ánPasitKafaTaMgen¼fa ½ ckçúTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜn cUrsab sUnüeTAcu¼ RtecokTaMgLayEdlGñkrab´fa Ca rbs´xøÜn cUrsabsUnüeTAcu¼/ ragkayk¾dUecña¼Edr EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜncUrsabsUnüeTAcu¼/ sUm,IGvyv£tUc nigGvyv£FM (Gvyv£GaRs&y nwgGvyv£ ) sUm,ITaMgGs´EdlGaRs&ynUvkay en¼cUrsabsUnüeTAcu¼/ mñalálit£ eRBa¼ehtuGVI eTIbGñkRbmaT .
  • 22. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -21- ckçúTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜn cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ RtecokTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´ faCarbs´xøÜn cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ kayk¾dUcKñaEdr EdlGñkrab´fa Carbs´xøÜn cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ Gvyv£tUcFMTaMgGs´ EdlGaRs&ynUvkayen¼ cUrRKaMRKaeTAcu¼ mñalálit£ eRBa¼ehtuemþc eTIbGñkRbmaT . ckçúTaMgLay EdlGñkrab´ faCarbs´xøÜn cUrEbkFøayeTAcu¼ RtecokTaMg- Lay EdlGñkrab´faCarbs´xøÜn cUrEbkFøay eTAcu¼ rUbk¾dUcKñaEdr/ cUrRbRBwtþeTAy¨agena¼cu¼/ sUm,IGvyv£tUcFMTaMgGs´ EdlGaRs&ykayen¼ k¾cUr EbkFøayeTAcu¼/ mñalálit£ eRBa¼ehtuGVI eTIbGñkRbmaT .
  • 23. eBTüQb´BüaálRB¼mhaál RB¼efr£[{vaTxøÜnÉg edayKafa 3 Kafay¨agen¼ ehIy ánGg:úyeFVIntSúkmμ ( bnþk´fñaM ) ehIyeTIbcUleTAkan´ RsúkedIm,IbiNÐát eBTüeXIjehIysYrfa ²elakm©as´d¾cMerIn elakm©as´eFVIntSúkmμehIy¦³ ? f¿ ceRmInBr «ásk GatμaPaBeFVIehIy . eBTü¿ y¨agNaEdr elakm©as´ ? f¿ mñal«ásk enAEtcak´edatdEdl . eBTü¿ elakm©as´Gg:úybnþk´ ¦swgbnþk´ ? RB¼efr£enAes¶óm/ sUm,IeBTüsYreTot k¾minniyayGVI TaMgGs´ . xN£ena¼ eBTüeBalnwgelakfa bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ ceRmIn elakm©as´mineFVInUvesckIþsb,ay[dl´xøÜn cab´taMg BIéf¶en¼eTA sUmelakm©as´kuMeBaleLIyfa eBTüeQμa¼É eNa¼søeRbg[Gatμa/ sUm,I¹m©as´k¾nwgmineBalfa ²GatμaGj
  • 24. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -23- søeRbg RbeKnelak³ . RB¼efr£EbkFøayckçúRBmnwgkarsMercRB¼Grhtþ RB¼efr£RtÚveBTüRáb´fa Qb´BüaálehIy RtLb´eTA kan´vihar Rti¼ri¼fa ²mñalsmN£ eBTüeKRáb´faQb´Büaál ehIy GñkÉgkuMl¼bg´}riyabfecalN+asmN£³ ehIy TUnμanxøÜnedayKafaen¼fa ½ ²mñalálit£ GñkRtÚveBTüeKRbEkkehIyfa Qb´ BüaálGñkeTotehIy GñkeTogcMeBa¼mc©úraC eRBa¼ ehtuGVI eTIbGñkenARbmaTeTot . dUecña¼ehIy k¾bMeBjsmNFm’’teTAeTot . RKaena¼ lu¼mCÄimyamknøgeTAehIy TaMgckçú TaMg kielsrbs´elakk¾Ebk ( RBmKña ) minmun mineRkayCagKña elakCaRB¼Grhnþsukçvibsßk£ ehIyk¾cUleTAKg´kñúgbnÞb´ .
  • 25. BYkPikçú nig GñkRsúkFanaTMnukbRmúgRB¼efr£ kñúgevlaPikçacar PikçúTaMgLayeTARáb´fa ²bBiRtelak m©as´d¾ceRmIn evlaen¼ CaevlaPikçacar . f¿ GñkmanGayuTaMgLay dl´evlaehIy¦ ? P¿ kruNa elakm©as´d¾ceRmIn . f¿ ebIdUecña¼ GñkTaMgLaycUreTAcu¼ . P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn cu¼elakm©as´ ? f¿ mñalGavuesaTaMgLay EPñkrbs´¹EbkFøayehIy . PikçúTaMgLayRkeLkemIlEPñkrbs´elakehIy CaGñk manEPñkeBjedayTwkEPñk lYgelamRB¼efr£fa ²bBiRtelak m©as´d¾ceRmIn elakkuMRBÜyármÖeLIy/ eyIg¹TaMgLay nwg beRmIelakm©as´³ dUecña¼ehIy eFVIvtþtUc nigvtþFMEdlxøÜnKYreFVI eRscehIycUleTAkan´Rsúk . BYkmnusßmineXIjRB¼efr£ k¾ sYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´rbs´¹RB¼kruNa TaMgLayeTAxagNa³ dwgdMNwgnu+¼ehIy bBa¢ÚnbbreTAmun
  • 26. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -25- kan´ykbiNÐáteTAxøÜnÉg fVaybg:MRB¼efr£ehIy ERskyM bRm¼nenoleTobTICiténRB¼áT ( rbs´RB¼efr£ ) lYgelamfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´kuMRBÜyármÖeLIy ¹m©as´TaMgLaynwgFanabeRmIelakm©as´³ ehIyRtLb´eTAkan´ pÞ¼vij . taMgBIena¼mk eKk¾bBa¢Únbbr nigPtþeTARbeKnRB¼ ckçúál EdlKg´enAÉviharCanic© . cMENkRB¼efr£ k¾[{vaTPikçú 60 rUbeRkAen¼Canic© . PikçúTaMgLaytaMgenAkñúg{vaTrbs´RB¼efr£ . lu¼Citdl´éf¶ bvarNaecjvsßa k¾seRmcGrhtþRBmTaMgbdismÖiTaRKb´rUb . BYkPikçúeTAKal´RB¼sasþa k¾ÉPikçúTaMgLayecjvsßaehIy RáfñanwgKal´RB¼- sasþa eTIbRáb´RB¼efr£fa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn BYk¹ kruNaTaMgLay RáfñanwgKal´RB¼sasþa³ . RB¼efr£ ánsþab´Bakürbs´PikçúTaMgLayehIy Kitfa
  • 27. -26- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr ²eyIgCamnusßTuBVlPaBehIy kñúgcenøa¼énpøÚvmanéRB Edl Gmnusßkan´kab´ kalebIGjeTACamYynwgPikççúTaMgLay Pikçú TaMgLaynwglMák nigminGacedIm,IánnUvPikça GjnwgbBa¢Ún PikçúTaMgen¼eTAmun³ . lMdab´ena¼ RB¼efr£k¾eBalnwgPikçúTaMgena¼ fa ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay GñkTaMgLayeTAmuncu¼³ . P¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn cu¼elakm©as´ . f¿ ¹kruNaCaGñkTuBVlPaB minRtwmEtbu¨eNÑa¼ dgéRB kñúgcenøa¼pÚøvCaRbeTsEdlmanGmnusßkan´kab´ kalebI¹eTACamYy nwgGñkTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaynwglMák TaMgGs´Gg: GñkTaMgLay cUreTAmuncu¼ . kuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy elakm©as´ BYk¹kruNaTaMgLay nwgeTARBmCamYynwgelakm©as´ . f¿ ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaykuMeBjcitþ y¨agen¼eLIy/ naM[EtlMákeT/ bðÚnRbúsrbs´¹eXIjGñkTaMg
  • 28. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -27- LayehIy Kg´nwgsYrCaBitRákd kalebIdUecña¼ GñkTaMgLay Kb,IRáb´fa ¹BikarEPñkehIy mkmináneT eKKg´nwgbBa¢Únnr- Na@mkkan´smñak´rbs´¹@ nwgeTACamYyeK GñkTaMgLaycUr fVaybg:MRB¼TsBl nigGsItimhaefr£[¹kruNapg³ dUecñ¼ ehIy k¾bBa¢ÚnPikçúTaMgena¼eTA . BYkPikçúRáb´dMNwgdl´bðÚnRbúsrbs´RB¼efr£ PikçúTaMgLay xmaeTasRB¼efr£ehIy cUleTAkan´Rsúk. BYkmnusßnimnþ[Kg´ehIy sYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´TaMgLaynwgnimnþeTANa¦ ³ ? PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyfa ²mñal«ásk «ásikaTaMgLay BYkGatμa eTAKal´RB¼sasþa³ . BYk«ásk«ásikaGgVrPikçúTaMgena¼eRcIndg bu¨EnþPikçú TaMgena¼minRBm «ásk «ásikaTaMgena¼dwgfa PikçúTaMgena¼ minRBmtamkarGgVrrbs´xøÜn k¾tamCUnPikçúTaMgena¼eTAánbnþic
  • 29. -28- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr k¾RtLb´mkvijedayesckþIGaeLa¼Gal&y . cMENkPikçúTaMgLayeTAdl´vtþeCtBnehIy cUleTAfVay bg:MRB¼sasþa nigmhaefr£TaMgLaytamBakürbs´RB¼efr£/ lu¼ RBwkeLIg cUleTAkan´fñl´EdlbðÚnRbúsrbs´RB¼efr£enA edIm,I biNÐát . kudum<Ik_caMPikçúTaMgLayán k¾nimnþ[Kg´ eFVIbdi- sNæar£ehIy sYrfa ²RB¼efr£Cabgrbs´¹RB¼kruNa enATINa³? PikçúTaMgLay k¾ánRáb´dMNwgena¼dl´kudum<Ik_ . kudum<Ik_k¾ERskyMbRm¼nenol enAeTobTICitáTmUlrbs´ PikçúTaMgLay ehIysYrfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn }LÚven¼ KYreFVIy¨agNaeTIblð ? bBa¢ÚnsameNrCakμÜyRbúseTATTYlRB¼efr£ P¿ RB¼efr£RtÚvkar[nrNamñak´eTAkan´TIena¼/ kñúgkal Edlbursena¼eTAdl´ehIy elaknwgmkCamYyeK . ku¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn bursen¼CakμÜyrbs´¹
  • 30. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -29- eQμa¼álit£ sUmelakm©as´TaMgLay bBa¢ÚnburseQμa¼ álit£ en¼eTAcu¼ . P¿ bBa¢ÚneTAy¨agen¼mináneT ( eRBa¼ ) tampøÚvman Gnþray RtÚvbYssinswmeTA eTIbán . ku¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´TaMgLay eFVIy¨agena¼ehIy bBa¢ÚneTAcu¼ . RKaena¼ PikçúTaMgLaybMbYsálit£ bgHat´[sikßanUv vtþbdibtþi mankarTTYlcIvrCaedImGs´knø¼Ex Ráb´pøÚvehIy bBa¢ÚneTA . sameNreTAdl´Rsúkena¼ehIy eXIjburscas´mñak´ enAeTobTVarénRsúkena¼ k¾sYrfa ²viharEdltaMgenAkñúgéRB GaRs&yRsúken¼ manEdr¦eT³ ? b¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn man . s¿ elakm©as´Gg:NaKg´kñúgviharena¼ ?
  • 31. -30- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr b¿ RB¼efr£eQμa¼ ál£ elakm©as´ . s¿ sUmejamRáb´pøÚvdl´GatμaPaBbnþic . b¿ elakm©as´CanrNa ? s¿ GatμaPaBCakμÜyrbs´RB¼efr£ . sameNrbbYlRB¼mhaefr£RtLb´eTAvij RKaena¼ burscas´ena¼ naMsameNreTAkan´vihar lu¼ eTAdl´viharehIy sameNrk¾fVaybg:MRB¼efr£ eFVIvtþbdibtþi beRmIRB¼efr£edayeKarBGs´knø¼Ex ehIyRáb´fa²bBiRtelak m©as´d¾ceRmIn kudum<Ik_CaG‘°rbs´¹kUNa [nimnþelakm©as´RtLb´ eTAvij sUmelakm©as´nimnþeTACamYy¹kUNacu¼³ . RB¼efr£eBalfa ²ebIdUecña¼ GñkcUrcab´cugeQIRct´rbs´ eyIgcu¼³ . sameNrcab´cugeQIRct´cUleTAkan´RsúkCamYy nwgRB¼efr£ . BYkmnusßnimnþ[Kg´ ehIysYrfa ²bBiRtelak m©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´nwgnimnþeTANa³ ? RB¼efr£eqøIyfa
  • 32. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -31- ²mñal«ásk«ásikaTaMgLay GatμanwgnimnþeTAfVaybg:MRB¼ sasþa³ . BYkmnusßTaMgena¼GgVredayRbkarepßg@ ( kalmin ándUcbMNg ) k¾CUnRB¼efr£eTAánBak´kNþalpøÚvehIy naMKña xßwkxßÜlRtLb´mkvij . sameNrdl´karvibtþisIleRBa¼sMeLg®sþI sameNr naMRB¼efr£edaycugeQIRct´eTAdl´RsúkmYy EdlRB¼efr£Føab´GaRs&yenAeQμa¼ sg;dæ£ EdlenAkñúgéRB . enAeBlena¼ sameNránán|sMeLgeRcógrbs´®sþI mñak´ EdlCaGñkecjGMBIRsúkena¼ eRcógbeNþIrerIs«sbeNIþr enAkñúgéRBena¼ kan´yknimitþkñúgsMeLgena¼ . BitNas´ minmansMeLgGVIdéT EdlGacpßayeTABas eBjsrIr£rbs´bursTaMgLay ehIytaMgenAdUcCasMeLg®sþI eLIy/ eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbRB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçú TaMgLay tfaKtmineXIjsMeLgGVIdéTsUm,IEtmYy EdlGac
  • 33. -32- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr júaMgcitþrbs´bursTaMgLay [jab´j&rdUcCasMeLg®sþI eLIy³ . sameNrkan´yknimitþkñúgsMeLgena¼ehIy RBElgcug eQIRct´ehIy eBalfa ²bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as´ rg´caMbnþicsin/ kic©rbs´¹man³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾eTAkan´smñak´ rbs´®sþIena¼ . ®sþIena¼eXIjsameNrehIyánQb´es¶óm . sameNrk¾vibtþisIlCamYynwg®sþIena¼ . RB¼efr£Kitfa ²eyIg án|sMeLgeRcógkñúgkalGm,aj´mijen¼Ég/ k¾sMeLgena¼Ca sMeLg®sþI sUm,IsameNrk¾eTAát´yUrEdr/RákdCavinassIl ehIy³ cMENksameNrena¼ eFVIkic©rbs´xøÜneRscehIy mk niyayfa bBiRtelakm©as´ eyIgTaMgLaybnþdMeNIreTAmux eTotcu¼ . RKaena¼ RB¼efr£sYrsameNrfa ²sameNrGñkkøay CamnusßGaRkk´ehIy¦³ ? sameNrenAes¶óm sUm,IRB¼efr£
  • 34. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -33- sYreTot k¾minniyayGVI@ TaMgGs´ . RB¼efr£minRBm[sameNrKb´rk RKaena¼ RB¼efr£eBalnwgsameNrfa ²GñkÉgmincaM ác´cab´cugeQIRct´rbs´¹kUNaeToteT BIeRBa¼GñkÉgCamnusß GaRkk´³. sameNrdl´nUvkarsegVK ehIyeda¼sMBt´kasay£ ecj esøókdNþb´dUcRKhsS niyayfa ²bBiRtelak m©as´d¾ceRmIn kalmun¹CasameNr Et}LÚven¼ ¹kruNaRt- Lb´CaRKhsSehIy/ mü¨ageTot kal¹kruNabYs k¾minán bYsedaysT§aEdr bYseRBa¼xøacGnþraytampøÚvbu¨eNÑa¼ sUm elakm©as´nimnþeTACamYy¹RB¼kruNacu¼ . RB¼efr£niyayfa ²mñalGñkmanGayu RKhsSGaRkk´kIþ smN£GaRkk´kIþ k¾GaRkk´dUcEtKña/ GñksUm,ItaMgenAkñúgPaBCa sameNrehIy k¾minGacedIm,IeFVIKuNRtwmEtsIl[bribUN’ án swkeTACaRKhsSnwgeFVIesckIþlðGVIán/ kic©edaykarEdl
  • 35. -34- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr mnusßGaRkk´dUcGñkcab´cugeQIRct´rbs´eyIg mincaMác´man eT³ . nayálit£eqøIyfa ²bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn pøÚvman GmnusßeRcIn ehIyckçúrbs´elakm©as´k¾Ebk nwgenAkñúgTIen¼ y¨agNaán³ . lMdab´ena¼ RB¼efr£eBalnwgsameNrfa ²mñalGñkman Gayu GñkkuMRBÜyeLIy/ eyIgnwgedksøab´kñúgTIen¼kIþ nwgedk nenoleTAmkenAkñúgTIen¼kIþ EdleQμa¼fa kareTACamYynwgGñk rEmgminman³ ( lu¼eBaly¨agen¼ehIy ) RB¼efr£ k¾áneBal KafaTaMgen¼fa ½ eNHIycu¼ eyIgCaGñkmanckçúxUcehIy mkkan´ pøÚvq¶ayknþar£ edkenA ( k¾edaycu¼nwgmineTA ) eRBa¼PaBCasmøaj´kñúgCnBalrEmgminman . eNHIycu¼ eyIgCaGñkmanckçúxUcehIy mkkan´
  • 36. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -35- pøÚvq¶ayknþar£ nwgsøab´k¾edaycu¼nwgmineTA/ eRBa¼PaBCasmøaj´nwgCnBal rEmgminman . nayálit£ án|Baküena¼ehIy ekItesckIþsegVK nwkfa ²RKan´EtmYyRsbk´esa¼ eyIgáneFVIkmμmYyd¾EsnF¶n´³ dUecñ¼ehIy xßwkxßÜlsÞú¼cUleTAkan´éRB eKcxøÜnát´eTA . Gasn£rbs´sk;eTvraCekþA edayetC£énsIlrbs´RB¼efr£ ( xN£ena¼ ) bNÐú- km<lsilaGasn£rbs´sk;eTvraCbeNþay 60 eyaCn¾ TTwg 50 eyaCn¾ kRmas´ 15 eyaCn¾ manBN’dUcp;aC&yRBwkß man RbRktIRsútcu¼kñúgevlaEdlsk;eTvraCKg´ nigeá¨geLIgkñúgevla Edlsk;eTvraCeRkakeLIg sEmþgGakarekþA . sk;eTvraCRTg´ Rti¼ri¼fa ²nrNahñ+ RáfñanwgjúaMgeyIg[Xøatcakzan³? dUecñ¼ ehIy RTg´RkeLkcu¼mkeRkam áneXIjRB¼efr£edayTiBVckçú . ehtuena¼RB¼bUraNacarüTaMgLay eTIbeBalfa ½
  • 37. -36- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr shsßenRt EdlCaesþcénBYkeTvta emIleday TiBVckçú ( RTg´RCabfa ) RB¼áletSrGg:en¼ ti¼edol buK:láb CRm¼eRKÓgciBa©wmCIvit[brisuT§/ shsß- enRtEdlCaesþcéneTvta/ RTg´RkeLkemIleday TiBVckçúehIy ( RTg´RCabfa ) RB¼áletSrGg:en¼F¶n´ kñúgFm’’ eRtkGrkñúgsasna Kg´EtmYyRB¼Gg:Ég kñúgéRB . RKaena¼ sk;eTvraCánRTg´Rti¼ri¼fa ²ebIeyIgnwgmineTA kan´smñak´rbs´elak EdlCaGñkti¼edolbuK:láb F¶n´kñúg Fm’’Ebbena¼ k,alrbs´eyIgnwgEbkCa 7 cMENk/ eyIgnwg eTAkan´smñak´rbs´elak³ ( lu¼RTg´RB¼tRmi¼dUecña¼ehIy k¾ esþcyageTA ) . ehtuena¼ ( bUraNacarüTaMgLayeTIbeBalfa ) ²RKaena¼ eTvraCeQμa¼sk;shsßenRtmanRB¼enRtRCabnUvehtu CaFM
  • 38. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -37- CageTvta RTRTg´sirIrbs´eTvraC esþcmkkan´smñak´RB¼efr£ ehIykñúgmYyrMeBc cUleTACitRB¼efr£³ . lu¼esþccUleTACitehIy RTg´eFVIsMeLgeCIgkñúgTICit RB¼efr£ . RKaena¼ RB¼efr£sYrsk;eTvraCfa ²nrNahñwg³ ? sk;eTvraCeqøIyfa bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼kruNa CaGñkedIrpøÚvq¶ay ( CaGñkdMeNIr ) . f¿ mñal«ásk GñkeTATINa ? s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼kruNaeTAkan´Rkúg savtSI . f¿ eTAcu¼ GñkmanGayu . s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´nimnþeTAkan´TI NaEdr ? f¿ GatμaPaBk¾nimnþeTAkan´TIena¼Edr .
  • 39. -38- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr s¿ ebIdUecña¼ eyIgTaMgLayeTACamYyKñacu¼elakm©as´ . f¿ GatμaPaBCamnusßTuBVlPaB/ karyWtyUrnwgmandl´ Gñk EdleTACamYynwgGatμaPaB . s¿ kic©Rbjab´rbs´¹RB¼kruNaminmaneT RbsinebI¹ RB¼kruNaáneFVIdMeNIreTACamYyelakm©as´ena¼ ¹RB¼kruNa nwgánnUvbuBaØkiriyavtSú 10 Rbkar RbkarNanImYyminxan/ sUmelakm©as´eTACamYynwg¹RB¼kruNacu¼ . RB¼efr£Kitfa ²nu+¼nwgCasb,úrs³ eTIbeBalfa ²ebIdUecña¼ «áskcUrcab´cugeQIRct´rbs´GatμaPaBcu¼³ . sk;eTvraCnaMRB¼efr£eTAdl´vtþeCtBn sk;eTvraC RTg´eFVIy¨agena¼ehIy bMRBÜjEpndI[dl´ vtþeCtBn kñúgevlaresol . RB¼efr£án|sUrsMeLgt®nþI mans&gç nigrnat CaedIm ehIysYrfa ²sMeLghñwgenATINa³ ?
  • 40. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -39- s¿ RkúgsavtSI elakm©as´ . f¿ kñúgevlaeTA GatμaPaBeTAGs´evlayUrNas´ . s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´ ¹RB¼kruNas:al´pøÚvkat´ . kñúgxN£ena¼ RB¼efr£dwgánfa ²Gñken¼minEmnmnusß RákdCaeTvta³ . ( ehtuena¼RB¼bUraNacarüTaMgLay eTIbeBalfa ) ²sk;eTvraC EdlCaesþcéneTvta RTRTg´sirIrbs´eTvraC esþcbMRbÜjpøÚvmkdl´RkúgsavtISy¨agqab´rh&s³ . sk;eTvraCnaMRB¼efr£eTAkan´bNÑsala Edlkudum<Ik_Ca bðÚnRbúseFVIedIm,IRbeyaCn_dl´RB¼efr£ena¼Ég nimnþ[Kg´elI bnÞ¼kþar ehIynimμitxøÜnCasmøaj´rbs´culø£ ehIyeTAkan´smñak´ énkudum<Ik_culøál ERskehAfa ²En+ ál£smøaj´³ . kudum<Ik_culøálERsksYrfa ( sðI ? smøaj´ ) sk;¿ elakándwgfa RB¼efr£mkehIy¦ ?
  • 41. -40- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr culø£¿ ¹minTan´dwgeT/ k¾RB¼efr£mkehIy¦ ? sk;eTvraCRtas´fa ²eGI smøaj´ ¹eTAkan´vihareXIj RB¼efr£Kg´enAkñúgbNÑsala EdlelakeFVITuksRmab´RB¼efr£ Gm,aj´mijen¼Ég³ dUecñ¼ehIy esþck¾eKcecjeTA . cMENkkudum<Ik_eTAdl´vihar eXIjRB¼efr£eehIy ERsk yMbRm¼nenolenAeTobáTmUlrbs´RB¼efr£ eBalfa ²elak m©as´d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼kruNaeXIjehtuen¼ehIy eTIbminRBm[ elakm©as´bYs³ dUecña¼CaedIm ehIyeFVIekμgTas£BIrnak´[Ca GñkCa[bYskñúgsmñak´rbs´RB¼efr£ ehIypþaMfa ²elakTaMg Lay cUrnaMykrbs´qan´ manbbr nigáyCaedIm mkGMBIxag kñúgRsúk«bdæakRB¼efr£³ dUecñ¼ehIy RbKl´kic©ena¼[eFVI . sameNrTaMgLayk¾eFVIvtþbeRmIRB¼efr£ . éf¶mYy PikçúTaMgLay GñkenAkñúgTis ( GñkenAkñúgTIdéT ) mkkan´vtþeCtBn eday bMNgfa ²nwgKal´RB¼sasþa³ fVaybg:MRB¼sasþasYrsuxTukç
  • 42. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -41- RB¼GsitImhasavk ehIyRtac´eTAkan´TIcarikkñúgvihar dl´ lMenARB¼ckçúáletSrehIy manmuxeq<a¼eTATIena¼enAevlaresol edaybMNgfa ²nwgemIlTIena¼³. kñúgxN£ena¼ mhaemXjúaMgePøóg[Føak´cu¼mk . BYk elakKitfa ²}LÚven¼resolehIy/ ehIyemXk¾ePøógeTot³ eyIgnwgmkemIleBlRBwk dUecñ¼ehIy k¾RtLb´eTAvij . ePøóg Føak´kñúgbzmyam Qb´kñúgCmÄimyam . RB¼efr£CaGñk ( Føab´ ) RárB§esckIþBüayamedIrc®g;mCanic©/ ehtudUecñ¼ eTIbcu¼kan´TI c®g;m nimnþc®g;mkñúgbc©imyam . k¾kñúgkalena¼ emePøógCa eRcInekIteLIgehIyelIépÞdIEdlmanePøógFøak´fμI@ . kalRB¼ efr£c®g;m eTAmk ánCan´emePøóggab´CaeRcIn . BYkGenþvasik minTan´áneásTIc®g;mrbs´RB¼efr£enA eLIy rIÉBYkPikçúeRkAen¼mkedaybMNgfa ²nwgemIllMenArbs´ RB¼efr£³ eXIjstVTaMgLaykñúgTIc®g;mehIy sYrfa ²nrNa
  • 43. -42- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr c®g;mkñúgTIen¼³ BYksisßrbs´RB¼efr£eqøIyfa ²«bCÄay_rbs´ BYk¹kruNaelakm©as´³ . PikçúTaMgLayti¼edolfa ²GñkTaMg LaycUremIlkmμrbs´smN£cu¼ kñúgkalEdlmanckçúenACa elakedkmineFVIGVI kalmanckçúvikl eFVIÉgedIrc®g;m júaMgstV manCIvit[gab´y¨ageRcIn . BYkPikçúeTARkabTUlRB¼tfaKtkñúg xN£ena¼fa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn RB¼ckçúáletSrTukxøÜnfa ( c®g;m ) eFVIstVmanCIvitCaeRcIn[gab´³ . RB¼sasþaRTg´Rtas´sYrfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLayGñkTaMgLay eXIj elakkMBugeFVIstVmanCIvitCaeRcIn[søab´Edr¦³ . PikçúTaMgena¼ RkabTUlfa ²mineXIjeTRB¼Gg:³ . s¿ GñkTaMgLaymineXIjelak ( eFVI ) y¨agNa sUm,I elakk¾mineXIjstVmanCIvitTaMgena¼dUecña¼Edr mñalPikçúTaMg- LayEdleQμa¼fa ectnaCaehtujúaMgstV[gab´rbs´RB¼ xINaRsBTaMgLay ( KWbuK:lGñkmanGasv£Gs´ehIy ) rEmg
  • 44. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -43- minman . P¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn kal«bnisß&yénRB¼Grhtþman ehtudUcemþc eTIbelakkøayCaGñkmanckçúggwteTAvij . s¿ mñalPikçúTaMgLay edayGMNackmμEdlxøÜneFVITuk ehIy . P¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾cMerIn k¾elakáneFVIkmμGVITuk . buBVkmμrbs´RB¼ckçúál RB¼sasþaRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay ebIdUecña¼GñkTaMg LaycUrsþab´edayeKarBcu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy (Rtas´niTanerOgfa ) ½ kñúgGtItkal kalRB¼áTBaraNsI RKb´RKgraC- sm,tþienAkñúgRkúgBaraNsI eBTümñak´Rtac´eFVIevC¢kmμkñúgRsúk nigniKm eXIj®sIþEdlmanckçúTuBVlk¾sYrfa ²nagekItGI ³ ? ®sIþena¼eqøIyfa ²¹emIlmineXIj³ . eBTüeBalfa ²¹nwgeFVIfñaM[nag³ .
  • 45. -44- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr s¿ bBiRtelakm©as´ sUmelakeFVIcu¼ . B¿ nag [GVI¹ ? s¿ RbsinebIelakGaceFVInUvEPñkTaMgLayrbs´¹[ Rt- Lb´CaRbRktIán/ ¹ nigbuRtFItanwgRBmeFVICaTasaTasIrbs´ elak . B¿ ²lðehIy nag³ dUecñ¼ehIy pßMfñaM[/ EPñkTaMgLay RtLb´CaRbRktI edayfñaMEtmYymuxbu¨eNÑa¼ . ®sIþena¼Kitfa ²eyIgánebþCJacMeBa¼eBTüena¼fa ²eyIg nigbuRtFItaRBmeFVICaTasaTasIrbs´eK³ k¾bu¨EnþeKmuxCanwg minehArkeyIgedayvacaEdlTn´Pøn´eT eyIgnwgbeBaäateK³ . kalEdleBTümkehIysYrfa ²mñalnagd¾ceRmIn eraKkñúgEPñk rbs´nagdUcemþceTAehIy³ ? nagk¾eqøIyfa ²kalmunEPñkTaMg- Layrbs´¹ cak´edatEtbnþicbnþÜcbu¨eNÑa¼ }LÚven¼ cak´edat y¨agéRkElg³ . eBTüKitfa ®sIþen¼kuhkeyIg edaymincg´[
  • 46. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -45- nUvvtSútictYcEdlCaéføQñÜl eyIgminRtÚvkaréføQñÜlGMBI®sþI en¼eT/ eyIgnwgeFVI®sþIen¼[xVak´kñúgkal}LÚven¼³ ehIyeTA kan´pÞ¼Ráb´esckIþena¼dl´Priyarbs´xøÜn . nagánenAesøóm . eBTüena¼pßMfñaMmYymux ehIyk¾eTAkan´smñak´®sþIena¼ edayRáb´ [bnþk´fñaMfa ²mñalnagd¾ceRmIn cUrnagbnþk´fñaMen¼cu¼³ . EPñk TaMgBIrxagánrlt´eTAdUcGNþatRbTIbdUecña¼ . eBTüena¼án ( mkekIt ) CackçúálPikçúkñúgkal}LÚven¼ . RB¼sasþaRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay kmμEdlbuRt tfaKteFVIehIykñúgkalena¼Cab´tameKGMBIeRkay@ . BitNas´ EdleQμa¼faábkmμ rEmgCab´tamGñkeFVI dUckg´reT¼vileTA tamsñameCIgeKa ( KWeKaEdleKTwmreT¼pÞúkTMnij ) eKanaMeTAnUv Fur£³ lu¼RTg´Rtas´erOgen¼ehIy RB¼Gg:CaFmμraCa RTg´án Rtas´RB¼Kafaen¼bnþGnusn§i dUcRbfab´RB¼raCsasn_ Edlman dIRbcaMTukehIyedayRB¼raClBa©k; ( Rtarbs´RB¼raCa ) fa ½
  • 47. -46- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr 1 menabuBVg:ma Fmμa menaesdæa menamya mnsa ec bTuedæn Pasti va kerati va teta nM TukçmenVti ck;Mv vheta bTM . Fm’’TaMgLay mancitþCaRbFan mancitþRbesIrbMput ( mancitþCaFM ) seRmcGMBIcitþ ebIbuK:lmancitþRtÚv eTasRbTUsþehIy eBalkIþ eFVIkIþ ( nUvTuc©rit ) eRBa¼ Tuc©ritTaMgena¼ TukçrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA dUckg´reT¼viltamdaneCIgeKaEdlkMBugGUsnwmeTA . GFib,ayKafa citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmiTaMg 4 mankamavcrkuslcitþ CaedIm eQμa¼fa ²mena³ kñúgRB¼Kafaen¼ . bu¨EnþcitþEdlekIt eLIgdl´eBTükñúgkalena¼ KWCaeTasmUlcitþbu¨eNÑa¼ . bTfa buBVg:ma KW RbkbRBmehIyedaycitþ EdlCa FmμCati manRbRktIRbRBwtþeTAmun .
  • 48. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -47- bTfa Fmμa ERbfa Fm’’TaMgLay EdleQμa¼faFm’’man 4 y¨ag KWKuNFm’’ eTsnaFm’’ briytþiFm’’ nignisßtþniC¢IvFm’’ . bNþaFm’’TaMg 4 Rbkarena¼ Fmμs&BÞkñúgBaküfa ²Fm’’ nigGFm’’ TaMgBIrRbkaren¼ [plmindUcKña GFm’’rEmgnaMeTAkan´nrk Fm’’rEmg[dl´ suKti³ . dUecñ¼eQμa¼fa KuNFm’’ ( ERbfa Fm’’ KWKuN ) . Fmμs&BÞ kñúgBaküfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay tfaKtnwgsEmþgFm’’manlmð bTedImdl´GñkTaMgLay³ dUecñ¼CaedIm eQμa¼faeTsnaFm’’ ( ERb fa Fm’’ KWeTsna ) . Fmμs&BÞkñúgBaküfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay kulbuRtBYkxø¼kñúgelaken¼ rEmgeronFm’’ KWsut£/ eKyü£ dUecñ¼ CaedIm eQμa¼fa briytþiFm’’ ( ERbfa Fm’’ KWbriytþi ) . Fmμs&BÞ kñúgBaküen¼fa sm&yena¼ÉgFm’’TaMgLay KWxn§rEmgman³ dUecñ¼CaedIm eQμa¼fa nisßtþFm’’ ( ERbfa Fm’’KWsPav£Edl minEmnstV ) sUm,In&ykñúgbTfa ²niC¢IvFm’’³ EdlERbfa ( Fm’’ KW
  • 49. -48- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr sPav£minEmnCIv£ ) k¾dUcKña . bNþaFm’’TaMg 4 Rbkarena¼ nisßtþFm’’ ¦niC¢IvFm’’ RB¼sasþaRTg´RáfñaykkñúgKafaen¼ . nisßtþFm’’ ¦niC¢IvFm’ena¼ edayGtSk¾ándl´ GrUbkçn§ 3 Rbkar KW ²evTnaxn§ sBaØaxn§ sgçarkçn§³ . eRBa¼ehtufa GrUbkçn§ 3 Rbkaren¼ eQμa¼fa mancitþCaRbFan . manBaküsYrfa ²k¾citþmanvtSú 1 manGarmμN_ 1 ekItkñúg xN£ 1 rlt´kñúgxN£ 1 CamYynwgFm’’TaMgena¼ minmun min eRkay eQμa¼fa CaRbFanénFm’’TaMgena¼dUcemþc³ ? manBaküeqøIyfa ²citþmaneQμa¼fa CaRbFanénFm’’TaMg ena¼ edayGtSfa Cabc©&yjúaMgFm’’TaMgena¼[ekIteLIg . dUc y¨agfa kalBYkecarCaeRcIneFVIecarkmμ manbøn´GñkRsúkCaedIm CamYyKña kalmaneKsYrfa ²nrNaCaRbFanénBYkva nrNaCa bc©&yrbs´BYkva KWBYkvaGaRs&yGñkNa eTIbeFVIkmμena¼án Gñkena¼ eTa¼bICaeQμa¼Ttþ£k¾eday eQμa¼mtþ£k¾eday eKehA
  • 50. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -49- faRbFanrbs´va y¨agNamij Bakü«bemyüEdlCaeRKÓg júaMgGtS[dl´RBmen¼ bNiÐtKb,Idwgc,as´ dUecñ¼ . citþeQμa¼ faCaRbFanénFm’’TaMgLayena¼ edayGtSfa Cabc©&yjúaMgFm’’ TaMgena¼[ekIteLIg eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Fm’’TaMgena¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa mancitþCaRbFan/ eRBa¼kalcitþminekIteLIg Fm’’TaMgena¼ minGacnwgekIteLIgán cMENkcitþsUm,IectsikFm’’BYkxø¼min ekIteLIg k¾GacekIteLIgánEdr . mü¨ageTot citþeQμa¼fa CaFMénFm’’TaMgLayena¼ edayGMNacCaGFibtI eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Fm’’TaMgena¼ eTIbeQμa¼famancitþCaFM . dUcy¨agfa CnTaMg- LaymanecarEdlCaRbFanCaedIm EdlCaGFibtI áneQμa¼fa CaFMénCnTaMgLaymanecarCaedIm y¨agNamij citþEdlCa GFibtImaneQμa¼fa CaFMénFm’’TaMgena¼dUecña¼Edr eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Fm’’TaMgena¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa mancitþCaFM . mü¨ageTot PNУTaMg Layena¼@ seRmcehIyGMBIvtSúNa maneQICaedIm k¾eQμa¼
  • 51. -50- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr fa Carbs´seRmcehIyGMBIeQICaedIm y¨agNa sUm,IFm’ TaMgLayena¼ maneQμa¼faseRmcehIyGMBIcitþ eRBa¼seRmc mkGMBIcitþ dUecña¼ . bTfa bTuedæn KWEdleTasmanGPiCÄaCaedIm EdleTIb crmkfμIRbTUsþehIy . BitNas´ citþRbRktIeQμa¼faPvg:citþ/ Pvg:citþena¼minRtÚveTasRbTUsþeLIy . dUcy¨agfa Twkføa esAhμgehIy eRBa¼BN’TaMgLay manBN’exovCaedImEdl eTIbmkfμIcUleTAeFVI[esAhμg CaTwkepßgmanBN’exovCaedIm nigeQμa¼faTwkfμIk¾minEmn nigeQμa¼faTwkføadUcedIm k¾minEmn y¨agNamij Pvg:citþRtÚveTas manGPiCÄaCaedImEdleTIbmk fμIRbTUsþehIy nwgeQμa¼facitþfμIk¾minEmn nwgeQμa¼faPvg:citþ dEdlk¾minEmn/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbRB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay citþen¼CaFmμCatipUrpg´ EtvaesAhμgeRBa¼ «bki;elsTaMgLayEdleTIbmkfμInu+¼Ég³ dUecñ¼ . ebIbuK:lman
  • 52. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -51- citþRtÚveTasRbTUsþehIyy¨agen¼ . áTRB¼Kafafa Pasti va kerati va KWkalbuK:lena¼ niyayrEmgniyayEtvcITuc©rit 4 y¨ag kaleFVIrEmgeFVIEtkay Tuc©rit 3 y¨ag kalminniyay kalmineFVI eRBa¼kalEdlxøÜn CaGñkmancitþEdleTas man GPiCÄa CaedIm RbTUsr¨ayehIy ena¼ rEmgjúaMgmenaTuc©rit 3 y¨ag[eBj . Gkuslkmμbf 10 y¨ag rbs´buK:lena¼ rEmgdl´kareBjeBaredayRbkar y¨agen¼ . áTRB¼Kafafa teta nM TukçmenVti esckIþfa Tukç rEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA eRBa¼Tuc©rit 3 y¨agena¼ KWTukçEdl Capl TaMgRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgcitþ edaybri- yayy¨agen¼fa TukçmankayCaTItaMgxø¼ TukçmancitþeRkAen¼Ca TItaMgxø¼ rEmgeTAtamGtþPaBena¼ EdlCaGñkeTAenAkñúgGáy PUmi 4 kIþ kñúgBYkmnusßkIþ edayGanuPaBénTuc©ritena¼ . manBaküsYrfa ²TukçrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼dUcCaGVI³ ?
  • 53. -52- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr manBaküeqøIyfa dUcCakg´reT¼vileTAtamsñameCIgeKa EdlnaMeTAnUvFur£dUecña¼/ GFib,ayfa ²dUcCakg´reT¼EdlvileTA tamsñameCIgeKaEdleKTwmTukhñwgnwmnaMnwmeTA . dUcy¨agfa vaGUseTAGs´mYyéf¶kIþ BIréf¶kIþ 10 éf¶kIþ knø¼ExkIþ rEmgminGac [kg´RtLb´viján KWminGacedIm,Il¼bg´nUvkg´eTAán/ kñúgn&y fa kalvaQaneTAxagmux nwmk¾ebotebon ( sg;t´ ) k ( rbs´ va ) kalvafyeRkaykg´k¾Tg:ic ( kkit ) nUvsac´ePøArbs´va/ kg´ebotebonedayehtu 2 Rbkaren¼ CavtSúEdlRbRBwtþeTAtam sñameCIgrbs´va y¨agNa/ Tukçkay nigTukçcitþ EdlmanTuc©rit CamUl rEmgCab´tambuK:lGñkmancitþEdlRtÚveTasRbTUsþ ehIy júaMgTuc©rit 3 Rbkar[eBjbribUN’ehIy zitenAkñúgTI EdleKeTAehIy@ mannrkCaedImy¨agena¼Ég .
  • 54. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -53- kñúgkalcb´Kafa Pikçú 3000 rUb ánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ mYyGenøIedaybdismÖiTaTaMgLay . eTsnaánCakfamanRb- eyaCn_ manplsUm,Idl´bris&TGñkRbCuMKñaehIy dUecñ¼Ég . ( erOgRB¼ckçúáletSr cb´ ) r o s
  • 55. 2 erOgmdækuNÐlI esckIþxagedIm cMENkRB¼KafaTIBIrfa ²menabuBVg:ma³ CaedIm RB¼man RB¼PaK RTg´RárB§mdækuNÐlImaNB sEmþgenAkñúgRkúgsavtSI ena¼Ég . RBahμN_eFVIeRKÓgRbdab´[buRt manesckIþdMNalmkfa enAkñúgRkúgsavtSI manRBahμN_ mñak´eQμa¼ GTinñbuBVk£ . Kat´minFøab´[vtSúGVI @ dl´nrNa @ . eRBa¼ehtuena¼ mhaCnk¾ándak´eQμa¼[Kat´fa ²GTinñbuBVk£³ Kat´manbuRtmñak´CaTIRsLaj´eBjcitþ . eRkaymk Kat´cg´ edIm,InwgeFVIeRKÓgRbdab´[dl´buRtena¼ k¾Kitfa ²RbsinebIeyIg CYlCagmas[eFVIk¾nwgRtÚv[Ptþ nigéføQñÜldl´Cag³ dUecña¼ ehIy k¾dMmasedayxøÜnÉg ehIyeFVICaTMhU‘relag@ eRscehIy [ ( dl´buRtrbs´xøÜn ) eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbbuRtrbs´Kat´án
  • 56. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -55- RákdeQμa¼fa mdækuNÐlI³ . BüaálbuRtxøÜnÉgeRBa¼xøacGs´éføQñÜl kñúgkalbuRtena¼manGayuán 16 qñaM k¾ekIteraKs:m elog . mataRkeLkeXIjbuRtehIyk¾niyaynwgRBahμN_ ²EdlCasVamI³ fa ²bBiRtRBahμN_ eraKekIteLIgehIydl´buRt rbs´elak sUmelakrkeBTümkBüaál[vacu¼³ . RBahμN_eqøIyfa ²En nagd¾ceRmIn RbsinebIGjnwgrk eBTümk/ GjnwgKb,I[éføQñÜl nigrgVan´dl´eK nagmineXIj nUvkarxatbg´RTBürbs´eyIgeTGI³ . nagRBahμNIsYrfa ²bBiRtRBahμN_ kalebIdUecña¼ etIelakeFVIdUcemþceTA³ ? RBahμN_eqøIyfa ²RTBürbs´eyIgnwgminxatbg´eTAeday RbkarNa eyIgnwgeFVIy¨agena¼³ . RBahμN_ena¼eTAkan´smñak´BYkeBTüehIy sYrfa ²BYk
  • 57. -56- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT elakpßMfñaMdUcemþcdl´GñkCm¶WEdlekIteraKeQμa¼ÉeNa¼³ . RKaena¼ BYkeBTük¾Ráb´nUvrukçaGvyv£ mansMbkeQICa edImdl´RBahμN_ena¼ . RBahμN_ ( eTA ) yk¬seQICaedIm EdlBYkeTBüRáb´ena¼mk ehIyeFVIfñaM[dl´buRtrbs´xøÜn . kalRBahμN_eFVIfñaMdUecña¼[buRtrbs´xøÜnpwk/ eraKán ( keRmIk eLIg ) y¨agxøaMgkøa ( rhUt ) cUldl´karEdlminmannrNanwg Büaálán . RBahμN_dwgfabuRtTuBVlPaBehIy k¾GeBa¢Ij eBTümñak´mk eBTüena¼ ( mk ) BinitüemIlehIy k¾niyay ( eKc Ek ) fa ²¹mankic©rvl´ sUmelakGeBa¢IjeBTüdéTmkBüaál cu¼³ dUecña¼ehIy RbEkknwgRBahμN_ena¼ehIy k¾laeTA . [buRtedkeRkApÞ¼eRBa¼xøaceKeXIjsm,tþi RBahμN_dwgfa buRtrbs´xøÜnCitsøab´ehIy k¾Kitfa ²BYk CnEdlmkedIm,IsYrsuxTukçbuRten¼ eXIjRTBüsm,tþixagkñúg pÞ¼ eyIgnwgnaMeKecjeTAxageRkA³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbnaMykbuRt
  • 58. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -57- ecjmk[edkB§d¾xageRkApÞ¼ . RB¼BuT§BicarNaeXIj«bnisß&yrbs´mdækuNÐlI kñúgevlabc©Úsm&ynaéf¶ena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaK esþcecj GMBIRB¼mhakruNasmabtþi RTg´RbemIlemIlnUvstVelakeday BuT§ckçú edIm,IEsVgrkBYkstVGñkmanepABgß EdlRB¼Gg:Kb,I ENnaMán EdlmankuslmUlekIteLIg ehIymanGFikar EdláneFVITukehIykñúgRB¼BuT§Gg:mun@ ánRTg´pßaysMNaj´ KWRB¼jaNeTAkñúgmuWncRkvaL . mdækuNÐlImaNB ánRákdB§d¾xagkñúgsMNaj´ KWRB¼ jaN kalEdlxøÜnedkenAB§d¾xageRkApÞ¼ena¼Ég . RB¼sasþa TteXIjmdækuNÐlIehIy RTg´RCabfa RBahμN_ EdlCabitanaMbuRtecjGMBIxagkñúgpÞ¼ ehIy[edkB§d¾xageRkA pÞ¼ena¼ RTg´BicarNafa kalEdltfaKtyageTAkan´TIena¼ ²nwgmanRbeyaCn_xø¼Edr¦eThñ+³ kMBugRTg´BicarNaena¼Ég k¾
  • 59. -58- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT áneXIjehtuen¼fa ²maNBena¼nwgjúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfa- Kt eFVIkalkiriyaehIynwgekItkñúgviman maskMBs´ 30 eyaCn_ kñúgtavtþigßeTvelak mannageTBGbßrCabrivar 1000 . cMENk RBahμN_eRbImnusß[dutsaksBkUnena¼ehIy yMedIreTAkan´ TIdutena¼ . eTvbuRtnwgrmilemIlnUvGtþPaBkMBs´ 3 Kavut EdlRbdab´edayeRKÓgGlg;arTm¶n´ 60 reT¼ mannageTBGbßr Cabrivar 1000 Kitfa ²sirIsm,tþien¼eyIgánedaykmμGVIhñ+³ ? dUecñ¼ehIy k¾ándwgfa ánedaycitþRC¼føacMeBa¼RB¼tfaKt Kitfa ²bitaminGeBa¢IjeBTümkpßMfñaM[dl´eyIg eRBa¼xøacERkg RTBünwgGs´eTA }LÚven¼ eTAkan´á¨qaERskyM/ eyIgnwgeFVIKat´ [dl´Rbkard¾Ebøk³ dUecñ¼ehIy edaykarfñaMgfñak´cMeBa¼bita k¾ nimμitxøÜndUcmdækuNÐlImaNB mkeFVIdUcCaERskyMkñúgTICit á¨qa . eBlena¼ RBahμN_nwgsYrmaNBena¼fa ²ÉgCa nrNa³ k¾Ráb´fa ¹CamdækuNÐlImaNB buRtrbs´elak .
  • 60. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -59- RBahμN_¿ ÉgeTAekItkñúgPBNa ? eTvbuRt¿ kñúgPBtavtþigß . kalRBahμN_sYrfa ²eRBa¼eFVIkmμGVI ³ ? eKnwgRáb´fa eK júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼tfaKt . RBahμN_nwgsYrtfaKtfa kar júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼Gg: ( bu¨eNÑa¼ ) ehIy eTAekItkñúgeTv- elakmanEdr¦³ ? eBlena¼ tfaKtnwgeqøIyRáb´RBahμN_fa ²minmannrNaGacnwgkMNt´edaykarrab´ánfa manRbmaN b¨ueNѼry ¦bu¨eNѼBan´ ¦k¾bu¨eNѼEsneLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy nwg sEmþgKafakñúgFmμbT . kñúgkalcb´Kafa karRtas´dwgFm’’nwg mandl´stV 84000 mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRtnwgánCaesatabnñ/ sUm,IGTinñbuBVkRBahμN_k¾dUcKñaEdr . GaRs&ykulbuRten¼ kar bUCaFm’’CaeRcInnwgmanedayRbkardUecñ¼/ kñúgéf¶EsðkeLIgRTg´ bdibtþi ( CRm¼ ) RB¼srIr£eRscehIy EdlmanPikçúsgÇmYy BYkFMEhhm esþccUleTAkan´RkúgsavtSIedIm,IbiNÐát esþc
  • 61. -60- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT yagdl´TVarpÞ¼rbs´RBahμN_edaylMdab´. mdækuNÐlIjúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼BuT§Cam©as´ RKaena¼ mdækuNÐlImaNB kMBugedkEbrmuxeTAxagkñúg pÞ¼ . RB¼sasþaRTg´RCabfa mdækuNÐlImineXIjRB¼Gg:/ eTIb ánpßayRB¼rsμIeTAmYyBüam. maNBKitfa²BnøWen¼CaBnWøGVI³? eTIbERbRtLb´mk eXIjRB¼sasþaehIy Kitfa ²eyIgGa- Rs&ybitaEdlCamnusßGn§Bal eTIbmináncUleTAKal´RB¼ BuT§Cam©as´Ebben¼ edIm,IeFVIesckIþxVl´xVayedaykay ¦fVay Tan ¦sþab´Fm’’/ }LÚven¼sUm,IEtédTaMgBIrxagrbs´eyIgk¾elIk minrYc . kic©EdlGjKYreFVIy¨agdéTminman³ dUecñ¼ehIy án júaMgcitþbu¨eNÑa¼[RC¼føa . eRBa¼citþRC¼føaeFVIkalkiriyaeTAekItkñúgeTvelak RB¼sasþaRTg´RB¼tRmi¼fa ²karEdlmaNBen¼ júaMgcitþ [RC¼føacMeBa¼tfaKtmanRbmaNbu¨eNѼlμmehIy³ k¾esþcRTg´
  • 62. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -61- ecosecjeTA kalRB¼tfaKtl¼bg´nUvKnøgckçúbu¨eNÑa¼/ ma- NBena¼mancitþRC¼føaeFVIkalkiriyaehIy hak´dUcCalk´ehIy RtLb´PJak´eLIg eTAekItkñúgvimanmaskMBs´RbmaN30eyaCn_ kñúgeTvelak . RBahμN_xßwkxßÜldl´buRt cMENkRBahμN_eRbI[eKdutsaksBkUnena¼ehIy Kit EtBIxßwkxßÜldl´buRt Kat´eTAkan´á¨qaral´@éf¶ yMpg erobrab´ pgfa ²kUnsmøaj´rbs´BukenATINa ? kUnsmøaj´rbs´BukenA TINa ³ ? eTvbuRtnimμitkayeTArkRBahμN_ eTvbuRtena¼ RkeLkemIlsm,tþirbs´xøÜnehIy Kitfa ²sm,tþien¼etIeyIgánedaykmμGVI ³ ? kalBicarNaeTAk¾dwg fa ²ánedaycitþEdlRC¼føakñúgRB¼sasþa dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbKit teTAfa ²RBahμN_en¼kñúgkalEdleyIgminsb,ay ( manCm¶W )
  • 63. -62- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT minánGeBa¢IjeBTümkBüaáleT/ }LÚven¼ eTAkan´á¨qaERsk yM/ eyIgKYrEteFVIKat´[dl´nUvRbkard¾Ebøk³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾nimμit xøÜndUcmdækuNÐlImaNB Qr{bédyMkñúgTIminq¶ayGMBIá¨qa . eTvbuRtnigRBahμN_áneqøIyqøgKña RBahμN_eXIjGakarena¼ehIy k¾Kitfa ²eyIgyMeRBa¼ esaksþayGaela¼Gal&ybuRt/ k¾maNBena¼yMRtÚvkarGVIEdr ? eyIgnwgsYreKemIl_ ³ dUecñ¼ehIy kalnwgsYr áneBalKafa en¼fa ½ ²GñkRbdab´tubEtgehIy dUcmdækuNÐlI manPar£ KW kRmgp;amanxøÜnd¾x<s´eLIg edaykareRá¼RBMeday xøwmcnÞn_manBN’’Rkhm/ Qr{bédTaMgBIrknÞk´kenÞj enAkNþaléRB etIekItTukçerOgGVI ³ ? maNBeqøIyfa ½ ²ragénrfeFVIedaymasd¾PWøepøk ( CaEdnpßayecjén
  • 64. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -63- rsμI ) ekIteLIgehIydl´¹/ ¹minánnUvKUénkg´edIm,I ragénrfena¼ ¹nwgminmanCIvit eRBa¼esckIþTukçena¼ ³ . RKaena¼RBahμN_ánniyaynwgmaNBena¼fa ½ ²mñalmaNBd¾ceRmIn KUénkg´ena¼ eTa¼bIseRmceday maskIþ seRmcedayEkvmNIkIþ seRmcedayelah£ kIþ seRmcedayRák´kIþ GñkcUrRáb´¹mkcu¼/ ¹nwgjúaMg Gñk[ánKUénkg´ena¼³ . maNBánsþab´nUvBaküena¼ehIy Kitfa ½ ²RBahμN_en¼mineFVIfñaM[dl´buRtehIy lu¼mkeXIj eyIgmanrUbragdUcbuRtrbs´xøÜnkMBugyM k¾niyayfa eyIgnwgeFVIkg´énrf EdlseRmcedaymasCaedIm[ eNHIycu¼ eyIgnwgp©aj´p©alKat´³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIb eBalfa ²elaknwgeFVIKUénkg´[dl´¹FMbu¨NÑa ?³kal RBahμN_ena¼eBalfa etIGñkRtÚvkarTMhMbu¨nμaneTA³
  • 65. -64- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT eTIbRáb´fa ½ ²¹RtÚvkarRB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitüTaMgBIrdYg elakEdl ¹sUmehIy emtþa[nUvRB¼GaTitü nigRB¼c&nÞTaMgBIr ena¼dl´¹cu¼³ . maNBena¼eBalteTAeTotfa ½ ²RB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitürugerOgkñúgvifITaMgBIr rfrbs´¹ seRmcehIyedaymas rEmglðsmnwgKUénkg´ena¼³ . lMdab´ena¼RBahμN_niyaynwgmaNBfa ½ ²mñalmaNB GñkRáfñarbs´EdlminKYrRáfña Ca mnusßl¶g´exøAeBkehIy ¹yl´fa GñkRáfñarhUt dl´søab´k¾nwgminánRB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitüTaMgBIr ena¼eLIy³ . xN£ena¼ maNBk¾ánniyayeTAkan´RBahμN_ena¼fa ²k¾buK:lGñkyM RtÚvkarvtSúEdlRákdCamnusßl¶g´exøA ¦fa
  • 66. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -65- buK:lGñkyM RtÚvkarvtSúEdlminRákdCamnusßl¶g´exøA³ ? dUecñ¼ ehIy eTIbeBalKafafa ½ ²sUm,IkareTA nigkarmkrbs´RB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitük¾ Rákd vNÑFatuKWrsμIénRB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitük¾Rá- kdenAkñúgvifITaMgBIr ( cMENk ) CnEdleFVIkalkiriya eTAehIy nrNak¾mineXIj/ bNþaeyIgTaMgBIrEdl CaGñknÞk´kenÞjenAkñúgTIen¼ etInrNaCamnusßl¶g´ exøACagnrNa³ ? RBahμN_yl´RBmcu¼caj´ehIysresIreTvbuRt RBahμN_sþab´Baküena¼ehIy Kitkñúgfa ²maNBen¼ niyayRtÚv³ eTIbeBalKafafa ½ ²mñalmaNBd¾ceRmIn GñkniyayBaküen¼ RtwmRtÚv ehIy bNþaeyIgTaMgBIrEdlCaGñkknÞk´kenÞj ( enA kñúgTIen¼ ¹Camnusßl¶g´exøACag ¹cg´ánbuRtEdl
  • 67. -66- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT eFVIkalkiriyaeTAehIymkvij dUcTarkyMcg´ánRB¼c&nÞ³. dUecñ¼ehIy CaGñkGs´esckIþesakeRBa¼Bakürbs´ma- NBena¼/ kalnwgsresIrmaNBáneBalKafaTaMgen¼fa ½ ²GñkmkeRsacrMlt´nUv¹ EdlCaGñkRtÚvePIøgKWesckIþ esakduteralralehIy dUcbuK:lrMlt´ePIøgEdleq¼ qñaMgeRbgedayTwk/ ¹rEmgjúaMgesckIþRkvl´Rkvay TaMgBYg[rlt´án elakbenÞabg´esckIþesakdl´ butþrbs´¹¡EdlesckIþesakRKbsg;t´ehIy ándk kUnsr KWesckIþesakEdlcak´edath¬T&yrbs´¹ ecján ¹ena¼CaGñkmankUnsr Edlelakdkecj ehIy CaGñkRtCak´s¶b´rm¶ab´ehIy/ mñalmaNB ¹minesakesA minyMeRBa¼ánsþab´Bakürbs´Gñk³ . RBahμN_saksYreTvbuRt RKaena¼ RBahμN_kalnwgsYreTvbuRtfa ²GñkeQμa¼GVI ?³
  • 68. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -67- eTIbeBalKafafa ½ ²mñalGñkd¾ceRmIn GñkCaeTvta ¦k¾CaKn§B ¦faCa burinÞTsk;eTvraC/ GñkeQμa¼GVI ? CabuRtrbs´Gñk Na ? eFVIdUcemþceTA eTIb¹áns:al´Gñk³ ? RKaena¼ maNBRáb´RBahμN_ena¼fa ½ ²GñkdutbuRtNa kñúgéRBsμsanxøÜnÉg ehIyrEmg knÞk´kenÞj nigyMrkbuRtNa buRtena¼KW¹ eFVIkusl- kmμehIydl´nUvPaBCasmøaj´rbs´eTvtaCan´tavtþigß . RBahμN_áneBalfa ½ ²kalGñk[Tantic ¦eRcInkñúgpÞ¼rbs´xøÜn ¦rkßa «eásfkmμ ¦k¾eFVInUvGMeBIEdlCakuslÉNanImYy ena¼ ¹minEdleXIjeLIy/ GñkeTAkan´eTvelak áneRBa¼kmμGVI ³ ? maNBáneBalfa ½
  • 69. -68- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT ²¹maneraKQWlMák mankayrsab´rsl´ enAkñúgpÞ¼ rbs´xøÜn/ ¹áneXIjRB¼BuT§EdlCaGñkRásFUlI KWki- els/ RB¼Gg:qøgputesckIþsgß&yehIy esþcyag eTAedaylð manRB¼RáCJaminefakfy/¹ena¼CaGñkman citþrIkrayehIy mancitþRC¼føaehIy ánfVaynUv GBa¢lIcMeBa¼RB¼tfaKt . ¹áneFVIkuslkmμena¼ehIy eRkayGMBIcuti k¾ánCa smøaj´rbs´BYkeTvtaCan´tavtþigß³ . RBahμN_dl´RB¼BuT§CasrN£ kalmaNBena¼ kMBugniyayerobrab´ena¼Ég srIr£TaMg Gs´rbs´RBahμN_k¾eBareBjedaybIti . RBahμN_ena¼ kal nwgRbkasbItiena¼ eTIbeBalfa ½ ²KYrGs©arüNas´hñ+ KYr[cEmøkNas´hñ+ viákénkar eFVInUvGBa¢lIkmμen¼ RbRBwtþeTAándUecñ¼ sUm,I¹mancitþ
  • 70. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -69- rIkrayehIy mancitþRC¼føaehIy dl´RB¼BuT§CasrN£ kñúgéf¶en¼Ég³ . eTvbuRt[{vaTRBahμN_ehIyk¾át´xøÜneTA RKaena¼ maNBáneBalnwgRBahμN_fa ½ ²elakcUrCaGñkmancitþRC¼føaehIy dl´RB¼BuT§ RB¼Fm’’ nigRB¼sgÇ CasrN£taMgBIéf¶en¼eTAcu¼ elakcUrCa GñkmancitþRC¼føay¨agena¼ ehIysmaTansikçabT 5 kuM [dac´Føú¼Føay/ cUrRbjab´evorcakáNatát ( kar smøab´stV ) cUrevorcakrbs´Edlm©as´eKminTan´[ kñúgelak/ cUrkuMpwkTwkRsvwg/ cUrkuMniyaykuhk/ nigcUr CaGñkeBjcitþcMeBa¼EtPriyarbs´xøÜncu¼³ . RBahμN_TTYlfa ²lðehIy³ ánPasitKafaTaMgen¼fa ½ ²mñalykß GñkCaGñkRáfñaRbeyaCn_dl´¹/ mñal eTvtaGñkCaGñkRáfñanUvvtSúEdlCa«bkar£dl´¹/ ¹nwg
  • 71. -70- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT eFVI ( tam ) Bakürbs´Gñk/ GñkCaGacarürbs´¹/ ¹ sUmdl´RB¼BuT§CasrN£pg/ ¹sUmdl´RB¼Fm’’Edl minmanvtSúdéTéRkElgCag CasrN£pg/ ¹sUm dl´RB¼sgÇrbs´RB¼BuT§ EdlCamnusßlðBiess BiessdUceTvtafaCasrN£pg/ ¹m©as´nwgRbjab´ evorcakáNatiát/ evorcakkarkan´ykRTBüsm,tþi Edlm©as´eKminTan´[kñúgelak/ minpwkTwkRsvwg/ min niyaykuhk/ nigCaGñkeBjcitþcMeBa¼Priyarbs´xøÜn³ . xN£ena¼ eTvbuRteBalnwgRBahμN_fa ²mñalRBahμN_ RTBükñúgpÞ¼rbs´elakmaneRcIn/ sUmelakcUleTAKal´RB¼- sasþa ehIyfVayTan cUrsþab´Fm’’ cUrsYrbBaHa³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾át´GMBITIena¼eTA . RBahμN_fVayTancMeBa¼RB¼BuT§ cMENkRBahμN_ eTApÞ¼ehIy ehAnagRBahμNImk
  • 72. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -71- niyayfa ²mñalnagd¾ceRmIn ¹nwgnimnþRB¼smNeKatm ehIy TUlsYrbBaHa/ nagcUreRtómeRKÓgsk;ar£cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTAkan´ vihar minfVaybg:MRB¼sasþa mineFVIbdisNæar£ QrenAkñúgTI d¾smKYrmYy ehIyRkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼eKatmd¾ceRmIn sUm RB¼Gg:RBmTaMgRB¼PikçúsgÇ emtþaRTg´GnueRKa¼TTYlPtþrbs´¹ RB¼Gg:edIm,Iesaykñúgéf¶en¼³ . RB¼sasþaRTg´TTYledaytuNHIPaB . RBahμN_ándwg fa RB¼sasþaRTg´TTYlehIy eTIbmkkan´pÞ¼edayrh&s eRbI mnusß[cat´EcgxaTnIyePaCnIyahar edIm,IfVaycMeBa¼RB¼- sasþa . RB¼sasþa EdlBYkPikçúsgÇEhhmehIy esþcyag eTAkan´pÞ¼RBahμN_ena¼ RTg´Kg´elIGasn£EdleKRkalTuk . RBahμN_Gg:asRB¼sasþaRBmTaMgPikçúsgÇedayeKarB . mha CnRbCuMKña . án|fa kalRB¼tfaKtEdlRBahμN_micäaTidæi nimnþehIy BYkCnBIrBYkEtgmkRbCuMKña KWBYkCnEdlCamicäaTidæi
  • 73. -72- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT RbCuMKñaedaytaMgcitþfa ²éf¶en¼BYkeyIgnwgrg´caMemIlRB¼smN eKatm EdlRtÚvRBahμN_ebotebonedaykarsYrbBaHa³ BYkCn EdlCasmμaTidæiRbCuMKñaedaytaMgcitþfa ²éf¶en¼BYkeyIgnwgrg´caM emIlBuT§vis&y BuT§lIla³ . RKaena¼ RBahμN_cUleTAKal´RB¼tfaKt EdlRTg´eFVI Ptþkic©eRscehIy Gg:úyelIGasn£Tab ánTUlsYrbBaHafa ²bBiRtRB¼eKatmd¾ceRmIn manEdr¦eTcMeBa¼BYkCnEdlminán fVayTancMeBa¼RB¼Gg: minánbUCaRB¼Gg: minánsþab´Fm’’ min ánrkßa«eásfesa¼ áneTAekItkñúgzansYK’edayRtwmEtcitþ RC¼føaEtmü¨agbu¨eNÑa¼³ ? s¿ mñalRBahμN_ ehtudUcemþc eTIbGñkmksYrtfaKt karEdlbuK:ljúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfaKtehIy ekItkñúgzansYK’ EdlmdækuNÐlICabuRtrbs´GñkánRáb´GñkehIy minEmn¦ ? B¿ bBiRtRB¼eKatmd¾ceRmIn kalNa ?
  • 74. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -73- s¿ éf¶EdlGñkxßwkxßÜleTAkan´éRBsμsan GñkeXIjmaNB mñak´Qr{bédknÞk´kenÞjenAkñúgTIminq¶ayehIysYrfa ½ ²GñkRbdab´tubEtgehIydUcmdækuNÐlI manPar£KWkRmg p;a manxøÜnrugerOgedayxøwmcnÞn_Rkhm³ . dUecñ¼CaedIm minEmn¦ ? kalnwgRTg´RbkasBaküEdl CnTaMgBIrnak´eBalehIy ánRtas´erOgmdækuNÐlI . eRBa¼ dUecña¼ erOgmdækuNÐlIena¼ eTIbáneQμa¼fa CaBuT§Pasit . kalRB¼sasþaRtas´erOgmdækuNÐlIena¼ehIy eTIbRtas´fa ²mñalRBahμN_ minEmnmanEtmYyry ¦BIrryeT edayBit karrab´BYkstV EdljúaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfaKtehIy ekItkñúg zansYK’rEmgrab´minán³ . mhaCnánCaGñkekItesckIþsgß&y eLIg xN£ena¼ RB¼sasþaRTg´RCabkarEdlmhaCnena¼min Tan´Gs´esckIþsgß&y ánRTg´GFidæanfa²sUmmdækuNÐlIeTvbutþ cUrmkRBmCamYynwgviman³ . mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRt EdlRbdab´
  • 75. -74- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT ehIyedayeRKÓgGaPrNTiBV kMBs´RbmaN 3 Kavut át´ GMBIeTvelak mkkan´smñak´RB¼manRB¼PaKRBmCamYynwgviman cu¼mkGMBIvimanfVaybg:MRB¼sasþaehIy QrenAkñúgTId¾smKYr mYy . xN£ena¼ RB¼sasþakalnwgRtas´sYreTvbuRtfa ²Gñk eFVIkmμGVI eTIbánsm,tþiEbben¼³ ánRtas´RB¼Kafafa ½ ²eTvta GñkmankaylðéRkElgNas´ QrjúaMgTis TaMgBYg[PWøsVag dUcp;ayRBwk/ mñaleTvtaGñkman GanuPaBeRcIn tfaKtsuMsYrGñk ( kal ) GñkCamnusß áneFVIbuNüGVITuk³ . eTvbuRtRkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn sm,tþien¼¹ RB¼Gg: ánehIy eRBa¼júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼Gg:³ . s¿ sm,tþien¼GñkánehIy eRBa¼júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgtfa- Kt¦ ?
  • 76. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -75- T¿ RB¼kruNa RB¼Gg: . mhaCnRkeLkemIleTvbuRtehIy ánRbkasesckIþ eRtkGrfa ²En+ Gñkd¾ceRmInTaMgLay BuT§KuNGs©arüBitEmn hñ+ buRtrbs´RBahμN_eQμa¼ GTinñbuBVk£ mináneFVIbuNüGVI @ y¨agdéTeLIy RKan´júaMgcitþ[RC¼føakñúgRB¼sasþa k¾ánsm,tþi Ebben¼³ . citþCaFMkñúgkmμRKb´y¨ag RKaena¼ RB¼sasþaRtas´eTAkan´BYkCnTaMgena¼fa ²kñúg kareFVIkmμEdlCakusl nigGkusl citþCaRbFan citþCaFM/ eRBa¼fa kmμEdleFVIedaycitþEdlRC¼føaehIy rEmgminl¼bg´ buK:lGñkeTAkan´eTvelak mnusßelak dUcCaRsemaldUecña¼³ lu¼Rtas´erOgen¼ehIy RB¼Gg:EdlCaFmμraCa ánRtas´RB¼ Kafaen¼bnþGnusn§i dUcRbfab´RB¼raCsasn_ EdlmanRtaRbcaM TukehIy edayRB¼Kafafa ½
  • 77. -76- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT 2 menabuBVg:ma Fmμa menaesdæa menamya mnsa ec bsenñn Pasti va kerati va teta nM suxmenVti qaya v GnuáyinI . Fm’’TaMgLay mancitþCaRbFan mancitþRbesIr bMput seRmcGMBIcitþ ebIbuK:lmancitþRC¼føaehIy eBalkIþ eFVIkIþ ( nUvsucrit ) eRBa¼sucritTaMgena¼ suxrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA dUcRsemal GenÞaltamRáN . GFib,ayKafa citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmiTaMg 4 mankamavcrPUmiCaedIm RB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´ehAfa ²mena³ kñúgRB¼Kafaen¼ edaymin EbøkKñak¾BitEmnehIy/ b¨uEnþkalkMNt´ykcitþkñúgbTen¼ rEmg ándl´citþCakamavcrkusl 8 dYg/ k¾kaleBaledayGMNac vtSú rEmgándl´citþEdlRbkbedayjaN RbRBwtþeTARBmnwg
  • 78. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -77- esamnsßGMBIkamavcrkuslcitþ 4 dYg bu¨eNÑa¼ . bTfa buBVg:ma esckIþfa RbkbCamYynwgcitþEdlCa sPav£ RbRBwtþeTAmunena¼ xn§ 3 manevTnaxn§CaedIm eQμa¼fa Fm’’ . BitNas´ citþCaRbFanrbs´GrUbkçn§TaMg 3 manevTnaxn§ CaedImena¼ eTIbeBaledayGtS KWCabc©&yjúaMgFm’’TaMgena¼[ ekIteLIg eRBa¼ehtuena¼ xn§TaMg 3 Rbkarena¼ eTIbeQμa¼faman citþCaRbFan . dUc«TahrN_fa kalTaykCaeRcInkMBugeFVI buNü manRbeKnbiNÐát nigcIvrCaedImdl´PikçúsgÇmYyBYk FMkIþ manbUCad¾éRkElg nigsþab´Fm’’ ehIydutRbTIbeFVIsk;ar£ edaykMrgp;aCaedImkIþ kalmanGñksYrfa ²nrNaCaRbFanén TaykTaMgena¼³TaykNaCabc©&yrbs´BYkeK/KWBYkeKGaRs&y TaykNa eTIbeFVIbuNüTaMgena¼án/ Taykena¼eQμa¼tisߣ k¾eday eQμa¼busߣk¾eday CMnuMCnrEmgehAfa CaRbFanrbs´ BYkeK³ y¨agNamij Bakü«bemyüEdlCaeRKÓgjúaMgesckIþ
  • 79. -78- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT [dl´RBm bNiÐitKb,IRCabdUecñ¼ . citþeQμa¼faCaRbFan énFm’’TaMgena¼ edayGtSfa Cabc©&yjúaMgFm’’TaMgena¼[ekIt eLIgedayRbkardUecñ¼/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbFm’’TaMgen¼Ég eQμa¼ fa mancitþCaRbFan/ BitNas´ Fm’’TaMgena¼kalcitþminekIt eLIg k¾minGacnwgekIteLIgán cMENkcitþ kalectsikxø¼ minekIteLIg k¾ekIteLIgánEdr . citþmaneQμa¼fa CaFMCagFm’’ TaMgena¼ eRBa¼edayGMNacCaGFibtI eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbFm’’TaMg ena¼eQμa¼fa mancitþCaFM . mü¨ageTot vtSúTaMgLayena¼@ sMerc ehIyGMBIvtSú manmasCaedIm k¾eQμa¼faseRmcehIyGMBImas CaedIm y¨agNamij/ sUm,IFm’’TaMgena¼ k¾áneQμa¼fa sMerc ehIyGMBIcitþ eRBa¼Carbs´EdlseRmcmkGMBIcitþ dUecña¼ . bTfa bsenñn esckIþfa RC¼føaehIyedayKuNTaMg- Lay mankarminsmøwgrMéBCaedIm . BIrbTfa Pasti va kerati va esckIþfa buK:lmancitþ
  • 80. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -79- Ebben¼ kalnwgniyay rEmgniyayEtsucrit 4 y¨ag kal nwgeFVI rEmgeFVIEtsucirt 3 y¨ag kalminniyay kalmineFVI rEmgeFVIEtmenasucrit 3 y¨ag [eBjbribUN’ eRBa¼karEdl xøÜnCaGñkmancitþRC¼føapUrpg´ehIyedayKuNTaMgLay man GnPiCÄaCaedImena¼ . kuslkmμbf 10 rbs´buK:lena¼ rEmgdl´kareBjbribUN’edayRbkary¨agen¼ . áTRB¼Kafafa teta nM suxmenVti esckIþfa esckIþ suxrEmgCab´tambuK:lena¼eTA eRBa¼sucrit 3 y¨agena¼ . kuslTaMg 3 PUmi RB¼manRB¼PaKRáfñaykehIykñúgTIen¼/ eRBa¼dUecña¼ bNiÐtKb,IRCabkarGFib,ayfa ²esckIþsuxEdl Capl EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgcitþ ( edaybri- yayen¼ ) fa esckIþsuxmankayCaTItaMgxø¼ esckIþsuxman citþCaTItaMgxø¼rEmgCab´tameTA KWfa rEmgminl¼bg´buK:lena¼ EdlekItehIykñúgsuKtiPBkIþ taMgenAkñúgTIEdlesaysuxkñúg
  • 81. -80- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT suKtikIþ eRBa¼GanuPaBénsucritEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 man BaküsYrs‘kcUlmkfa ²dUcGVI³ eqøIyfa ²dUcRsemalEdlman RbRktIGenÞaleTAtamRáN³ dUcmanGFib,ayfa FmμtaRsemal Carbs´Cab´nwgsrIr£ kalsrIr£edIreTA vak¾eTAEdr/ kalsrIr£ Qb´ vak¾Qb´/ kalsrIr£Gg:úy vak¾Gg:úyEdr/ minmannrNa GacnwgsþIfavaedayBaküTn´Pøn´kIþ edayBaküeRKatRKatkIþ fa ²ÉgcUrRtLb´eTAvij ¦év¨ehIy[RtLb´eTAviján³ eLIy sYr fa²eRBa¼ehtuGVI³eqøIyfa eRBa¼vaCarbs´Cab´nwgsrIr£ y¨agNa mij esckIþsuxEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgcitþ mankamavcrsuxCaedIm mankusl KWkuslkmμbf 10 Rbkar en¼ EdlbuK:lRbRBwtþmkehIy nigRbRBwtþlðehIy CamUl Ca ¬sKl´ rEmgminl¼bg´ ( buK:lena¼ ) kñúgTIEdlbuK:lena¼ eTAehIy@ dUcRsemalGenÞaleTAtamRáN . kñúgkalcb´RB¼Kafa karRtas´dwgFm’’ mandl´BYkstV
  • 82. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgmdækuNÐlI -81- 84000 mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRttaMgenAkñúgRB¼esatabtþipl/ GTinñ- buBVkRBahμN_k¾dUcKñaEdr . Kat´ánsabeRBa¼RTBüsm,tþid¾ eRcInkñúgRB¼BuT§sasna edayRbkar dUecñ¼Ég >€ ( erOgmdækuNÐlI cb´ ) r o s
  • 83. 3 erOgRB¼tisߣ esckIþxagedIm RB¼sasþa kalKg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBn RTg´RárB§RB¼efr£ eQμa¼ tisߣ ánRtas´nUvRB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ²Gekacäi mM GvFi mM³ CaedIm . RB¼tisßetSrCaGñkTUnμanlMák nig Rbkan´xøÜn án|mkfa RB¼tisßetSrena¼ Ca{rsénRB¼matucäarbs´ RB¼manRB¼PaK ( RB¼Gg:m©as´mIgxagmata ) bYskñúgkalénxøÜn Camnusßcas´ briePaKlaPsk;ar£ EdlekIteLIgkñúgRB¼BuT§- sasna manragkayFMFat´ mancIvrEdlbuK:ldMTUeTA nigdM RtLb´ehIy edayeRcInGg:úykñúg«bdæansala . PikçúGaKnþúk£ TaMgLaymk edIm,IRbeyaCn_nwgKal´RB¼tfaKt eTAkan´smñak´ rbs´elakedaysm:al´fa ²en¼CaRB¼mhaefr£³ dUecñ¼ehIy sYrdl´vtþ sYrdl´kic©KYreFVI manRcác´eCIgCaedIm . elak
  • 84. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -83- Gg:úyes¶óm . RKaena¼ PikçúkMela¼mYyGg:sYrelakfa ²elakmanvsßa bu¨nμan³ ? elakeqøIyfa ²minTan´manvsßaeT ¹RB¼kruNabYs kñúgkalEdlxøÜnCamnusßcas´³ eTIbeBalfa mñalGavuesa Gñk CamnusßEdleKRbedAánedayRk Gñkmins:al´RbmaNrbs´ xøÜn/ GñkeXIjRB¼mhaefr£manRbmaNbu¨eNѼehIy mineFVIvtþ sUm,IEtsamIcikmμ kalRB¼efr£TaMgena¼sYrdl´vtþedayeGIeBI elakGg:úyes¶óm/ sUm,IRtwmEtkarreg:ós k¾minmandl´elak³ dUecñ¼ eTIbRbharnUvRmaméd . elakjúaMgxtþiyman¼[ekIteLIg ehIysYrfa ²BYkelakmkkan´smñak´GñkNa³ ? kalGaKnþúk- PikçúTaMgena¼eqøIyfa ²mkkan´smñak´rbs´RB¼sasþa³ eTIbeBal fa ²BYkelaksμanfa¹CanrNa ¹nwgkat´PaBCasmN£rbs´ BYkelakecj[Tal´Etán³ dUecñ¼ehIy ekItTukç minsuxcitþ yMedIreTAkan´smñak´rbs´RB¼sasþa .
  • 85. RB¼tisߣTUlerOgcMeBa¼RB¼sasþa RKaena¼ RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrelakfa ²mñaltisߣ eRBa¼ ehtuGVI eTIbGñkekItTukç Gak´Gn´citþ manmuxTTwkedayTwkEPñk ERskyM mkkan´smñak´rbs´tfaKt³ . cMENkPikçúTaMgena¼ ( KW PikçúGaKnþúk£ ) Kitfa ²Pikçúena¼GaceTAeFVInUvGMeBIEdlminKb,IGVI mYy³ dUecñ¼ eTIbeTACamYynwgRB¼tisߣena¼Edr fVaybg:MRB¼- sasþaehIy Gg:úykñúgTId¾smKYrmYy . RB¼tisߣena¼ Edl RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrehIy ánRkabTUlfa²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾cMerIn PikçúTaMgen¼eCr¹RB¼Gg:³ . s¿ mñaltisߣ etIGñkÉgGg:úyenATINa ? t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:Kg´kñúg«bdæansala . s¿ eBlEdlPikçúTaMgen¼mk GñkÉgáneXIjEdr¦eT ? t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:eXIj . s¿ etIGñkáneRkakeLIgTTYlEdr¦eT ? t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:mináneFVIeT .
  • 86. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -85- s¿ etIGñkÉgánsYredayeGIeBI dl´karTTYlbrikçarrbs´ PikçúTaMgena¼Edr¦eT ? t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:minánsYredayeGIeBIeT. s¿ GñkánsYredayeGIeBI dl´FmμTMenom ¦Twkqan´Edr¦eT? t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:minánsYredayeGIeBIeT . s¿ etIGñkÉgmannaMGasn£mkehIy eFVIkarRcác´eCIg[ Edr¦eT ? t¿ bBiRtRB¼d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:mináneFVIeT . RB¼tisߣminRBmsUmxmaeTasPikçúsgÇ s¿ mñaltisߣ vtþTaMgBYgena¼ GñkKYreFVIdl´Pikçúcas´ . kalEdlGñkmineFVIvtþTaMgBYgena¼ehIy Gg:úyenAkñúgvihar min smKYreLIy/ eTasrbs´GñkÉgman . GñkÉgcUrsUmeTasPikçú TaMgLayena¼cu¼ . t¿ bBiRtRBGg:d¾ceRmIn PikçúTaMgen¼áneCr¹RB¼Gg: ¹RB¼Gg:
  • 87. -86- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr minsUmxmaeTaseT . s¿ mñaltisߣ GñkkuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy eTasrbs´ Gñkman GñkcUrsUmeTasPikçúTaMgena¼cu¼ . t¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:minRBmsUmeTasPikçú TaMgen¼eT . RKaena¼ RB¼sasþa kalPikçúTaMgLayRkabTUlfa ²bBiRt RB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn RB¼tisߣen¼CaGñkTUnμanánedaykRm³ dUecñ¼ ehIy Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay tisߣen¼minEmnCaGñkEdl eKTUnμanánedaykRmEtkñúgkal}LÚven¼bu¨eNÑa¼eT/ sUm,Ikñúg kalmun tisߣen¼k¾CaGñkTUnμanánedaykRmdUcKñaEdr³ kal PikçúTaMgena¼RkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:TaMg- Lay RCabfaelakCaGñkTUnμanánedaykRm Etkñúgkal}LÚv en¼bu¨eNÑa¼/ elakáneFVIkmμGVITukkñúgGtItkal³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾RTg´naMerOgGtIt£mk .
  • 88. buBVkmμrbs´RB¼tisߣ kñúgGtItkal kalRB¼áTBaraNsI esayraCsm,tþi enAkñúgRkúgBaraNsI/ mantabsmñak´eQμa¼ eTvil enAkñúghim- vnþRbeTs 8 Ex RáfñanwgcUleTAGaRs&yRB¼nKr 4 Ex edIm,I RtÚvkarnwgesBrséRb nigrsCUr eTIbecjcakhimvnþRbeTs cUl eTAkan´RB¼nKr CYbGñkyamTVarRB¼nKr eTIbsYrfa ²BYk bBVCitEdlmkdl´RB¼nKren¼ehIy EtgsRmakenATINa³ ? Gñk yamTVarRB¼nKrRáb´fa ²kñúgeragnaysμÚnqñaMg elakm©as´³ . tabsena¼eTAkan´eragénsμÚnqñaMgehIy QreTobTVareBalfa ²ebIelakminF¶n´citþ ( mincegðótcgðl´citþ ) eT GatμasUmsRmak enAkñúgeragen¼mYyyb´³ sμÚnqñaMgeBalfa ²eBlyb´kic©rbs´¹ kñúgeragen¼minmaneT/ eragFM/ nimnþelakenAtamsb,aycu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾fVayeragdl´tabsena¼ . kalelakcUleTAGg:úyehIy mantabsmYyGg:eTot eQμa¼ narT£ mkGMBIhimvnþRbeTsEdr ánsuMsμÚnqñaMgsMrak
  • 89. -88- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr mYyraRtI . sμÚnqñaMgKitfa eyIgmindwgfa ²tabsGg:Edl nimnþmkmunena¼ manesckþIsb,aynwgtabsGg:en¼Edr¦k¾Gt´ eyIgmindwg/ eyIgnwgeda¼xøÜnecj³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbeBalfa ²ebItabsEdlcUleTAmunena¼eBjcitþ/ sUmelaksRmakenA tamkareBjcitþéntabsGg:munena¼cu¼³ . narTtabscUleTA rkeTviltabs ehIyeBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü ebIelak minF¶n´citþeT/¹sUmsRmakenAkñúgeragen¼mYyraRtIpg³ kaleT- viltabseBalfa ²eragFM sUmelakcUleTAenAkñúgcMENkmYy cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbcUleTAGg:úykñúgTImYy . eTasénkaredkxuskEnøg tabsTaMgBIrrUbena¼ niyayRáRs&yKña[ekItkarrk dl´KñanigKñaehIy/ kñúgevlaedk . narTtabskMNt´TIedkén eTviltabs nigTVarehIy eTIbedk . cMENkeTviltabs kalnwgedk minánedkkñúgTIkEnøgrbs´xÜøneT (RtLb´) mkedk
  • 90. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -89- TTwgRtg´kNþalTVar . narTtabskalecjeTAkñúgraRtI án Can´Rtg´Cdarbs´eTviltabs . kalelakeBalfa nrNa Can´eyIg³ ? narTtabseBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü ¹ ³ . T¿ En Cdilekag ehtudUcemþc eTIbelakCan´Cdarbs´ eyIg . n¿ bBiRtelakGacarü ¹mindwgfa elakGacarüedkTI en¼ sUmelakGacarüGt´eTas[¹pg . kalelakkMBugrGU‘ rTaMena¼Ég narTtabsk¾ánecjeTAxageRkA eTviltabseRkA en¼Kitfa ²tabsrUben¼ cUlmkvijnwgKb,ICan´eyIgeTot³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbedkRtLb´k,aleTAcugeCIgvij . cMENknarTtabs kalnwgcUleTAKitfa ²kalBIdMbUg eyIgáneFVIxusehIycMeBa¼elakGacarü/ }LÚven¼ eyIgcUleTA tamcMENkéncugeCIgrbs´elakvij³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾edIrcUleTA ánCan´Rtg´krbs´eTviltabs/ kalelakeBalfa ²nrNa
  • 91. -90- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr hñwg³ ? eTIbeqøIyfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü ¹³ kalelakeBal fa ²En Cdilekag kalBIdMbUgelakCan´Rtg´Cdarbs´eyIg }LÚven¼ Can´Rtg´krbs´eyIgeTot eyIgnwgdak´pþasaelak³ eTIbeBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü eTasrbs´minman/ ¹mindwg faelakGacarü edky¨agen¼/ ¹KitdUecñ¼fa kalBIdMbUgeyIg áneFVIxusehIy/ }LÚven¼ eyIgnwgcUleTAtamcMENkéneCIg rbs´elakvij dUecñ¼ sUmelakGt´eTas[¹pgcu¼³ . tabsTaMgBIrnak´dak´pþasaKña T¿ En Cdilekag eyIgnwgdak´pþasaelak . n¿ bBiRtelakGacarü elakkuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy . elakmineGIeBInwgBaküsmþIrbs´narTtabsena¼ enAEtcecsdak´pþasanarTtabsena¼ ( edayKafafa ) ½ ²RB¼GaTitümanrsμITaMgBan´ manetC£TaMgry man RbRktIkm©at´ggwt/ lu¼RB¼GaTitür¼eLIgmkkñúgevla
  • 92. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -91- RBwk sUmk,alrbs´elakEbkecjCa 7 cMerok³ . narTtabseBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü eTasrbs´¹ minman kal¹kMBugEteBal elakánpþasa . eTasrbs´ GñkNaman sUmk,alrbs´Gñkena¼Ebkcu¼/ rbs´GñkNaminman cUrkuMEbkeLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy ándak´pþasa ( edayKafa ) fa ½ ²RB¼GaTitümanrsμITaMgBan´ manetC£TaMgry man RbRktIkm©at´ggwt/ lu¼RB¼GaTitür¼eLIgmkkñúgevla RBwk sUmk,alrbs´elakcUrEbkecjCa 7 cMENk³ . k¾narTtabsena¼ manGanuPaBeRcIn GacrkCatián 80 kb, KWkñúgGtItkal 40 kb,/ kñúgGnaKtkal 40 kb, . eRBa¼ehtuena¼ elakKitdUecñ¼fa ²etIbnþasanwgFøak´eTAelInrNa hñ+ ³ ? kalBicarNaeTAk¾dwgfa nwgFøak´eTAelIelakGacarü/ GaRs&yesckIþkruNacMeBa¼elakGacarü eTIbhamGruNkuM[ r¼eLIgedaykmøaMg¬T§i³ .
  • 93. RbCaCnekþARkhayrhUtdl´RB¼raCa GñknKr kalGruNminr¼eLIg k¾naMKñaeTAkan´TVarRB¼raC vaMg ehIyRkabTUlRB¼raCafa ²bBiRtRB¼smμtieTB kalRB¼ Gg:RKb´RKgraCsm,tþi/ GruNminr¼eLIg sUmRB¼Gg: RTg´emtþa júaMgGruNr¼[eLIg edIm,I¹RB¼Gg:TaMgLaycu¼³ . RB¼raCaRTg´BicarNanUvcriyanuvtþi mankaykmμCaedIm rbs´RB¼Gg: mineXIjnUvkmμEdlminsmKYrtictYcNa@ eLIy eTIbRTg´RB¼tRmi¼dUecñ¼fa ²etI manehtuGVIhñ+ ³ RTg´reg:ósfa ²RákdCaBYkbBVCitvivaTKñaehIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbRtas´sYrfa ²BYkbBVCit kñúgRB¼nKren¼manxø¼Edr¦eT³ ? kalmanGñkRkab TUlfa bBiRtmharaC ²kalBIl¶acmßil manBYkbBVCitmkkan´ eragrbs´sμÚnqñaMg³ RB¼raCamanraCburskan´Kb´ePIøg esþceTA kan´TIena¼kñúgxN£ena¼Ég RTg´fVaybg:MRB¼narTtabsehIy RTg´Rbfab´enAkñúgTId¾smKYr ehIyRtas´sYrfa ½ ²bBiRtRB¼narTtabs kargarTaMgLayénGñkCm<ÚTVIb
  • 94. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -93- rEmgRbRBwtþeTAminán/ elakekItggwtehIy eRBa¼ ehtuGVI ? elakEdl¹sYrehIy cUrRáb´nUvehtuena¼ dl´¹³ . narTtabs dMNalerOgTaMgGs´fVayRB¼raCaehIy eBal eTAkan´RB¼raCafa ²fVayRB¼BrmharaC GatμaPaB RtÚvtabs rUben¼pþasaehIyedayehtuen¼ kalebIdUecñ¼ eTIbánpþasafa ²eTasrbs´¹minman/ BaküpþasacUrmandl´buK:lena¼cu¼³ lu¼ pþasaehIy eTIbKitfa ²etIeTasénkarpþasaen¼nwgmandl´Gñk Nahñ+ ³ ? kalBicarNaeTAk¾eXIjfa ²kalRB¼GaTitür¼eLIg k,alrbs´GacarünwgEbkCa 7 cMENk dUecñ¼ehIy GaRs&y esckIþGnueRKa¼cMeBa¼elak eTIbGatμaPaBTb´GruNmin[r¼ eLIg . RB¼raCaRtas´sYrfa bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn etIeFVIy¨agNa eTA edIm,I[elakrYcputGMBIGnþrayEbben¼ .
  • 95. -94- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr n¿ RbsinebIelaksUmeTasGatμaPaB elaknwgrYcput GMBIGnþray . r¿ ebIdUecña¼ elakcUrsUmeTascu¼ . T¿ Cdilena¼Can´GatμaPaBRtg´Cda nigRtg´k GatμaPaB minRBmsUmeTasCdilekagen¼eT . r¿ bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn sUmelakcUrsUmeTasnarT- tabscu¼ elakkuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy . eTviltabseBalfa ²GatμaPaB minRBmsUmeTaseT³ sUm,IRB¼raCaRtas´fa²ebIelakminsUmeTasnarTtabseT k,al rbs´elaknwgEbkCa 7 cMerok³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾enAEtminRBm sUmeTaseTot . xN£ena¼ RB¼raCaRtas´nwgelakfa ²elakminRBmsUm eTastamkareBjcitþrbs´xøÜn¦³ ? dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbbBa¢a[raC burscab´eTviltabsena¼Rtg´éd/ Rtg´eCIg/ Rtg´eBa¼/ Rtg´k[
  • 96. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -95- {ncu¼eTobáTmUl rbs´narTtabs . narTtabseBalfa ²bBiRtGacarü GeBa¢IjeRkakeLIg cu¼ ¹RBmGt´eTas[dl´elakehIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy eBaleTA kan´RB¼raCafa ²fVayRB¼BrmharaC tabsrUben¼ minánsUm eTasGatμaPaBtamkareBjcitþeT/ manRs¼enAminq¶ayGMBITI en¼ sUmmharaCbBa¢a[elakQrTUlduMdIsðit RtaMTwkenAkñúg Rs¼ena¼Rtwmkcu¼ . RB¼raCak¾bBa¢a[eFVIy¨agena¼ . narTtabs ehAeTviltabsmkehIy eBalfa ²bBiRtelakGacarü kal Na¹RBElg¬T§i ehIyBnøWRB¼GaTitütaMgeLIg/ elakKb,ImuC cu¼kñúgTwk ehIyeTAegIbeLIgTIdéTcu¼³ duMdIsðitelIk,alrbs´ eTviltabsena¼ lu¼rsμIénRB¼GaTitüBal´RtÚvehIyk¾EbkCa 7 cMerok/ eTviltabsena¼k¾muCcu¼eTAkan´TIdéT .
  • 97. eBormins¶b´edaykarcgeBor RB¼sasþa lu¼RTg´naMRB¼FmμeTsnaen¼mkehIy án RTg´Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay RB¼raCakñúgkalena¼ ánmk CaGannÞkñúgkal }LÚven¼/ eTviltabsánmkCatisߣ/ narT- tabsánmkCaeyIgtfaKten¼Ég/ sUm,Ikñúgkalena¼ tisߣ en¼k¾CaGñkEdleKTUnμanánedaykRmy¨agen¼Edr³ dUecñ¼ehIy bBa¢a[ehAtisßetSrmkehIy Rtas´fa ²mñaltisߣ ebIPikçúNa Kitfa eyIgRtÚvGñkÉeNa¼eCr RtÚvGñkÉeNa¼Rbhar RtÚvGñkÉ eNa¼Qñ¼/ GñkÉeNa¼ánlYcRTBürbs´eyIgeTAehIy/ dUecñ¼ eBorrbs´Pikçúena¼mins¶b´eLIy/ EtkalPikçúmincUleTAcgeBor y¨agena¼Tuk eBorrEmgs¶b´eTAán/ dUecñ¼ehIy ánRTg´ PasitRB¼KafaTaMgen¼fa ½ 3 Gekacäi mM GvFi mM GCini mM Ghasi em ey c tM «bnyHnþi evrM etsM n smμti Gekacäi mM GvFi mM GCini mM Ghasi em
  • 98. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -97- ey c tM nUbnyHnþi evrM etsUbsmμti . ebIGñkNacUleTAcgesckIþeRkaFena¼Tukfa GñkÉeNa¼ áneCrGj GñkÉeNa¼ánRbharGj GñkÉeNa¼án p©aj´Gj GñkÉeNa¼ánlYcykRTBürbs´GjeTA ehIy ( dUecñ¼ ) eBorrbs´Gñkena¼ minrm¶ab´eLIy . GñkÉeNa¼áneCrGj GñkÉeNa¼ánRbharGj GñkÉ eNa¼ánp©aj´Gj GñkÉeNa¼ánlYcykRTBürbs´ GjeTAehIy ebIGñkNamincUleTAcgesckIþeRkaFEbb ena¼Tuk ( dUecñ¼ ) eBorrbs´Gñkena¼ eTIbs¶b´án . GFib,ayKafa bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa Gekacäi KWeCrehIy . bTfa GvFi KWRbharehIy . bTfa GCini KWánQñ¼eyIgedaykar GagsakßIekagxø¼ edaykareBalRbEkkxø¼ edaykareFVI[ éRkElgCagkareFVIxø¼ .
  • 99. -98- ymkvK:vNÑna erOgRB¼tisßetSr bTfa Ghasi KWGñkÉeNa¼ánlYcykRTBüTaMgLay mansMBt´CaedIm . BIrbTfa ey c tM CaedIm esckIþfa CnBYkNamYy KWeTvta ¦mnusß RKhsS ¦bBVCit cUleTAcgesckIþeRkaF fa ²GñkÉeNa¼áneCreyIg³ dUcBYkGñkbrreT¼ cgnwménreT¼ edayemkMRBa nigdUcBYkGñkRbmaj´cgvtSú manRtIsðúyCaedIm edayvtSúTaMgLay mans,ÚvPøaMgCaedImerOy@ . eBorrbs´Cn TaMgena¼ekIteLIgehIy rEmgmins¶b´ KWfarEmgmins¶b´rm¶ab´ eLIy . áTénRB¼Kafafa ey c tM nUbnyHnþi esckIþfa Cn TaMgLayNamincUleTAcgesckIþeRkaFEbbena¼Tuk KWmanBakü eCrCaedIm ¦edaykarminrkdl´ nigkarmineFVITukkñúgcitþxø¼ ¦ edayGMNackarBicarNaeXIjkmμy¨agen¼fa ²GñkNamYyEdl faCaGñkminmaneTas sUm,Ielakk¾Føab´eCreK RbhareK Føab´
  • 100. FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT -99- GagsakßIekagQñ¼eK Føab´lYcykRBTürbs´GñkdéTEdr eRBa¼ dUecña¼ eBlen¼sUm,IelakminmankMhus ehIyánTTYlpl EdlminKYrRáfña manBaküeCrCaedIm vasmKYrnwgkmμEdlGñk áneFVIehIy³ dUecñ¼xø¼/ eBorrbs´CnTaMgena¼ sUm,IekItehIy edayesckIþRbmaT rEmgs¶b´eTAánedaykarmincgnUvesckþI eRkaFTuk dUcePIøgéRBmanrMkac´Gs´ehIy dUecña¼ . kñúgkalcb´eTsna PikçúmYyEsn ánseRmcGriypl TaMgLay manesatabtþiplCaedIm . RB¼FmμeTsnaánCa kfamanRbeyaCn_dl´mhaCny¨ageRcIn . RB¼tisßetSr Edl CamnusßRbedARkena¼ k¾køayeTACamnusßRbedAgay >€ ( erOgRB¼tisߣ cb´ ) r o s
  • 101. 4 erOgkarekIteLIgénnagykçinI esckIþxagedIm RB¼sasþa kalKg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBn RTg´RárB§®sþI Garmñak´ Rtas´RB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ² n hi evern evrani ³ CaedIm . matarkPriya[buRt án|mkfa buRtkudum<Ik_mñak´ kalbitaeFVImrNkaleTA ehIy eFVInUvkic©kargarTaMgBYg TaMgkargarERs TaMgkargarpÞ¼ edayxøÜnÉg ehIybdibtþimataedayeKarB . éf¶mYy ®sþIEdl CamataánRáb´butþena¼fa ²En+kUn Em¨ nwgnaMnagkumarikamk[ ÉgehIyN+a³ . bu¿ Em¨ kuMniyayy¨agen¼eLIy/ ¹nwgRbNibtþn_Em¨rhUt Gs´mYyCIvit . m¿ éh á kUnÉgEtmñak´eFVInUvkargarERspg kic©kargar
  • 102. -101- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT pÞ¼pg/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Em¨minsb,aycitþeLIy/ Em¨nwgnaMnag kumarikamk[Ég . butþena¼ánham ( mata ) Gs´eRcIndg bu¨Enþ®sþIEdlCa mþayena¼minyl´RBmk¾enAes¶óm mataena¼ecjGMBIpÞ¼ eTAkan´ RtkUlmYy . RKaena¼ buRtsYrmatafa ²Em¨eTAkan´RtkUlNa³ ? kal mataRáb´fa ²nwgeTAkan´RtkUleQμa¼ÉeNa¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾ hammin[eTAkan´RtkUlena¼ ehIyRáb´mata[eTAkan´RtkUl EdlxøÜneBjcitþ . mataáneTAkan´RtkUlena¼ dNwþgnag kumarikakñúgRtkUlena¼ehIy kMNt´éf¶ ( Gavah_vivah_ ) naMnag kumarikaena¼mkkan´pÞ¼rbs´xøÜn . nagkumarikaena¼ Ca®sþIman BUC RtÚvkmμsmøab´ehIy KWCa®sþIGar . RKaena¼ ®sþIEdlCamataánniyayeTAkan´butþfa ²éhá kUnÉg[Em¨ naMnagkumarikamktamkareBjcitþrbs´kUnÉgehIy
  • 103. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -102- }LÚven¼ nagkumarikaena¼Ca®sIGar/ k¾FmμtaRtkUlEdlminman buRt rEmgdac´sUnü RbéBNIrEmgminCab´teTA eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Em¨nwgnaMnagkumarikadéTmk ( [kUnÉg )³ buRtena¼k¾eBal hamfa ²kuMeLIyEm¨³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾áneBal ( y¨agena¼ ) erOy@ . ®sþIGarán|Baküena¼ k¾Kitfa ²FmμtabuRtrEmgmin GachamXat´Bakümatabitaán/ }LÚven¼mþayekμkrbs´Gj KitnaM®sþIdéT EdlminEmnCa®sþIGarmkehIy nwgeRbIeyIgdUc CaTasI/ ebIdUecña¼ eyIgKYrEtnaMnagkumarikamñak´mkedayxøÜnÉg³ dUecñ¼ehIy eTIbeTAkan´RtkUlmYy suMnagkumarikamkedIm,IRb- eyaCn_dl´bursCasVamIrbs´xøÜn/ RtÚvBYkCnkñúgRtkUlena¼ham fa nagkuMniyaydUecña¼eLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾GgVrfa ¹CaRsIGar RtkUlEdlminmanbuRtrEmgvinas buRtIrbs´elakánbuRt ehIynwgánCam©as´énRTBüsm,tþi/ sUmelakemtþaelIkbuRtI ena¼[dl´sVamIrbs´¹cu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy júaMgRtkUlena¼[yl´
  • 104. -103- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT RBmehIy k¾naMmk[eFVIPriyarbs´sVamIxøÜn . eRkaymk RsIGarena¼mankarRti¼ri¼fa ²ebInagmanbuRt ¦buRtIesat nwgánCam©as´énRTBüsm,tþiEtmñak´Ég/ dUecñ¼eyIg KYrEteFVIy¨agNa kuM[nagmanTark³ . RbBn§edImpßMfñaMTmøayKP’RbBn§cug RKaena¼ RsIGark¾niyaynwgnagena¼fa ²KP’taMgeLIgkñúg épÞrbs´nagkalNa sUmnagRáb´¹kñúgkalena¼³ . nagena¼ TTYlfa ²ca+³ kalKP’taMgeLIgehIy nagk¾ánRáb´dl´®sþI Garena¼ . cMENkRsIGarena¼[bbr nigáydl´nagena¼Ca nic© . xageRkaymk ánykfñaMsRmab´eFVIKP’[Føak´ laynwg Gahar[dl´nagena¼ . KP’k¾Føak´ ( rlUtkUn ) . kalKP’ taMgeLIgelIkTIBIr nagk¾ánRáb´RsIGarena¼eTot . sUm,I RsIGarena¼k¾áneFVIKP’[Føak´eday«áyy¨agena¼ÉgeTot . RKaena¼ BYk®sþIEdlsñiT§sñalnwgKñaánsYrnagena¼ fa
  • 105. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -104- ²®sþIrYmsVamIáneFVInUvesckþIGnþray[dl´nagxøø¼¦eT ? nagk¾ Ráb´erOgena¼dl´®sþITaMgena¼ RtÚv®sþITaMgena¼eBalfa ²®sþIGn§- Bal ehtudUcemþc eTIbnageFVIy¨agena¼eTA ? RsIGaren¼ánpßM fñaMsRmab´eFVIKP’[Føak´[dl´nag eRBa¼xøacnagánCaFM eRBa¼ dUecña¼ eTIbKP’rbs´nagFøak´/ nagándwgesckþIena¼ehIy³ kñúg RKaTIbInagminánRáb´ . xageRkaymk RsIGareXIjépÞrbs´ nagena¼ehIyk¾sYrfa ²ehtudUcemþc eTIbnagminRáb´karEdl nagmanKP’dl´¹³ nagena¼eBalfa ²nagnaM¹mkehIy eFVIKP’ [Føak´dl´eTABIrdgehIy ¹nwgRáb´dl´nageFVIGVI ? eTIbKitfa ²}LÚven¼ eyIgvinasehIy³ rg´caMemIlkareFVsRbEhsrbs´ nagkumarikaena¼/ kalKP’cas´eBjeljehIy eTIbán{kas ánpßMfñaM[ehIy KP’minFøak´ eRBa¼cas´Ex eTIbedkTTwg(TVar) evTnad¾xøaMgkøaekIteLIg . nagk¾søab´eTA . munnwgsøab´ nagántaMgesckIþRáfñafa eyIgRtÚvnagen¼
  • 106. -105- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT eFVI[vinasehIy vaánnaMeyIgmk eFVITarkrbs´eyIg[vinas dl´ 3 nak´ehIy }LÚven¼ eyIgk¾vinaseTot eyIgcuticak GtþPaBen¼ehIy sUm[ánCaykçinIedIm,ITMBasuITarkrbs´va³ dUecñ¼ehIy søab´eTAekItCaqμakñúgpÞ¼ena¼Ég . cMENksVamIcab´ ®sþIGarena¼ehIy eBalfa ²nagÉgáneFVIRtkUlrbs´eyIg[ dac´sUnü³ dUecñ¼ehIy vayedayGvyv£TaMgLaymanduMéd nig Cg:g´CaedIm[manrbYsF¶n´ . ®sþIGarena¼søab´eRBa¼karvayena¼ Ég ehIyánekItCaem man´kñúgpÞ¼ena¼Edr . pøas´bþÚrRbharKñamñak´mYyCatieday GMNacénkarcgeBor cMeNrkalminyUrbu¨nμan emman´ánFøak´BgeRcIn@Bg emqμamksuIBgman´TaMgena¼Gs´ . sUm,IelIkTIBIr elIkTIbI vak¾ suIGs´Edr . kalCitnwggab´emman´ena¼áneFVIesckIþRáfñafa ²vasuIBgrbs´eyIgGs´bIdgehIy }LÚven¼ vaánsuITaMgxøÜn
  • 107. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -106- eyIgeTot . eRkayGMBIgab´eTA sUm[eyIgánTMBasuIva nig kUnrbs´va³ dUecñ¼ehIy gab´GMBIemman´ena¼ehIy ekItCaemxøa dMbg . cMENkemqμaánmkekItCaemRmwK . kñúgevlaemRmwK ena¼ekItkUn emxøadMbg k¾ánmksuIkUnRmwKTaMgLayGs´dl´ bIdg . kalCitnwgsøab´emRmwKáneFVIesckIþRáfñafa ²BYkkUn rbs´eyIgRtÚvemxøadMbgen¼suIGs´dl´bIdgehIy }LÚven¼vasuI TaMgxøÜneyIgpg . eyIgcuticakGtþPaBen¼ehIy Kb,IánsuIva nigkUnrbs´vacu¼³ dUecñ¼ehIy søab´eTAekItCanagykçinI cMENk emxøadMbgcuticakGtþPaBena¼ehIy ánekItCakulFItakñúgRkúg savtSI . nagmanv&yceRmInehIy áneTAkan´RtkUlsVamIkñúg RsúkEk,rTVar ( Rkúg ) kñúgkalxageRkaymk nagánRbsUt buRtmñak´ . nagykçinI EkøgxøÜnCa®sþIsmøaj´EdlCaTIRsLaj´ rbs´nagkulFItaena¼mkehIy sYrfa ²®sþICasmøaj´rbs´¹enA TINa³? BYkGñkRsúkánRáb´fa²nagRbsUtbutþenAxagkñúgbnÞb´
  • 108. -107- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT nagykçinIsþab´Baküena¼ehIy eBalfa ²smøaj´rbs´¹RbsUt butþRbús ¦RsI ? ¹suMemIlekμgena¼bnþic³ eBaldUecñ¼ehIy cUl eTAeFVIGakardUcCaemIl cab´TarksuIehIyk¾ecjeTA . sUm,Ikñúg RKaTIBIrk¾suIeTot . kñúgRKaTIbInagkulFItamanKP’cas´ehIy k¾ ehAsVamImkRáb´fa ²bBiRtnay nagykçinImñak´suIbuRtrbs´ ¹kñúgTIen¼Gs´BIrnak´ehIy/ }LÚven¼ ¹nwgeTAkan´pÞ¼énRtkUl rbs´¹RbsUtbuRt³ dUecñ¼ehIy k¾naMKñaeTAkan´pÞ¼énRtkUlRbsUt ( buRtkñúgTIena¼ ) . kñúgkalena¼ ykçinIena¼dl´evnCBa¢ÚnTwk . eRBa¼fa nagykçinITaMgLay RtÚvdgTwkGMBIRs¼eQμa¼Genattþ TUlelIk,aledIrmkedIm,Iesþcevsßv&Ntamevn edayknøgeTA 4 Exxø¼ 5 Exøxø¼eTIbput ( GMBIevn ) . nagykçinIdéTmankarlMák ehIydl´karGs´CIvitxø¼k¾man . cMENknagykçinIena¼ lu¼put GMBIevnCBa¢ÚnTwkehIy k¾Rbjab´eTAkan´pÞ¼ena¼ sYrfa ²®sþIEdl Casmøaj´rbs´¹enATINa³ ? BYkGñkRsúkRáb´fa ²nagnwgCYb
  • 109. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -108- ®sþIena¼GMBITINaán ? nagykçinImñak´suITarkrbs´nagEdlRb- sUtkñúgTIen¼/ eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbnageTAkan´pÞ¼énRtkUl³ nag ykçinIena¼Kitfa ²nageTAkan´TINa@ k¾eday k¾minrYcputGMBI eyIgánEdr³ dUecñ¼ehIy edaykmøaMgéneBoreFVI[nagrt´semþA eTAkan´RkúgedayesckþIBüayam . cMENknagkulFIta kñúgéf¶ Edldak´eQμa¼[Tarkena¼ nagk¾ángUtTwk[buRtehIy dak´ eQμa¼[rYcral´ehIy k¾eBalnwgsVamIfa ²bBiRtnay }LÚven¼ eyIgnaMKñaeTAkan´pÞ¼rbs´eyIgvijcu¼³ bIbuRteFVIdMeNIreTACamYy sVamI tampøÚvRbKl´buRt[dl´bursEdlCasVamIehIy cu¼gUt TwkRs¼eákçrNIEk,rvtþ ehIyeLIgmkTTYlykbuRt kalsVamI kMBuggUtTwk QrbMeÁeda¼buRt lu¼RkeLkeXIjnagykçinImk caMán k¾ERskedaysMeLgxøaMg@fa²bBiRtnay Rbjab´eLIg@ ykçinImkdl´ehIy³dUecñ¼ehIy minGacQrrg´caMrhUtdl´sVamI ena¼mkán k¾rt´semþAeTAkan´vihar .
  • 110. eBorminrm¶ab´edaykarcgeBor eBorEtgrm¶ab´ánedaykarmincgeBor kñúgsm&yena¼ RB¼sasþakMBugEtsEmþgFm’’enAkNþal bris&T nagkulFItaena¼ rt´eTAdl´ehIy [buRtedkelIxñg RB¼áTrbs´RB¼tfaKtehIy RkabTUlfa ²buRten¼ ¹RB¼Gg: fVaycMeBa¼RB¼Gg:ehIy sUmRB¼Gg:RbTanCIvitdl´buRtrbs´¹ RB¼Gg:cu¼ sumneTBEdlGaRs&yd¾B§exøagTVarminRBm[ ykçinIcUleTAxagkñúg . RB¼sasþaRtas´ehARB¼GannÞmkehIy Rtas´fa ²mñalGannÞ GñkcUreTAehAykçinIena¼mk³ . RB¼efr£ ehAnagykçinIena¼mkehIy . nagkulFItaRkabTUlfa bBiRt RB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn nagykçinImkehIy . RB¼sasþaRtas´fa ²nag ykçinIcUrmkcu¼/ nagkuMERskeLIy³ . dUecñ¼ehIy ánRtas´ eTAkan´nagykçinIEdlmkQrenATIena¼fa ²eRBa¼ehtuGVI eTIbnag eFVIy¨agen¼ ? RbsinebIBYknagminmkkan´smñak´RB¼BuT§Rákd dUcCatfaKteT eBorrbs´BYknagnwgánCakmμtaMgenAGs´kb,
  • 111. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -110- dUceBorrbs´Bs´ nigs;ar/ xøaXμúM nigedImBRg Ekðk nigemom/ eRBa¼ehtuGVI eTIbBYknagcgeBorKñaG‘Ícwg ? eRBa¼eBorrm¶ab´án edaykarmincgeBor minEmnrm¶ab´ánedayeBoreT³ dUecñ¼ehIy ánRtas´RB¼Kafaen¼fa ½ 4 n hi evern evrani smμnþIF kuTacnM Gevern c smμnþi És Femμa snnþena . BitEmn taMgBIkalNamk kñúgelaken¼ eBorTaMg- Lay rEmgmins¶b´rm¶ab´edaykarcgeBoreLIy eBorTaMgLay Etgs¶b´rm¶ab´edaykarmincgeBor Fm’’en¼manyUryaNas´mkehIy . GFib,ayKafa bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa n hi evern CaedIm esckIþfa «bmafa buK:llagnUvTIEdlRbLak´edayrbs´minsðat man Twkmat´ nigsMeárCaedImedayrbs´minsðatTaMgena¼ rEmgmin
  • 112. -111- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT GaceFVITIena¼[sðatbrisuT§át´køinsðúyáneLIy/ edayBit TIena¼ RtLb´CaTIminsðat nigmankøinsðúyéRkElgCagedIm y¨agNamij buK:lkaleCrtbbuK:lEdleCr RbhartbbuK:l EdlRbhar rEmgminGacjúaMgeBor[s¶b´áneLIy/ edayBit eKeQμa¼faeFVIeBorena¼Ég[éRkElgeLIg@dUecña¼ sUm,Ikñúgkal Na@ EdleQμa¼faeBorTaMgLay rEmgmins¶b´rm¶ab´áneday karcgeBor/ edayBit eQμa¼farEmgceRmInEtmü¨ag edayRbkar dUecñ¼ . BIrbTfa Gevern c smμnþi esckIþfa «bmafa rbs´ minsðat manTwkmat´CaedImena¼ EdlbuK:llagedayTwkføa rEmgsðatbrisuT§án/ TIena¼rEmgCaTIsðat minmankøinsðúy y¨agNamij eBorTaMgLayrEmgrm¶ab´ KWrEmgs¶b´ ándl´ rEmgdl´karminmanedaykarminmaneBor KWedayTwk KWxnþI nig emtþa edaykareFVITukkñúgcitþeday«áyd¾RbéB nigedaykar
  • 113. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -112- BicarNadUecña¼ . áTRB¼Kafafa És Femμa sunnþena esckIþfa Fm’’en¼ KWkars¶b´rm¶ab´eBoredaykarmincgeBor Carbs´cas´ KWCamaK’a énRB¼BuT§ RB¼bec©kBuT§ nigRB¼xINaRsBTaMgLay Edl elakeFVIdMeNIreTAehIy RKb´@ RB¼Gg: . kñúgkalcb´RB¼Kafa nagykçinIena¼ taMgenAkñúgesata btþipl . eTsnaánCakfa manRbeyaCn_sUm,Idl´bris&T EdlmkRbCuMKñaTIena¼ . nagykçinIdwgePøógeRcInePøógtic RB¼sasþa ánRtas´eTAkan´®sþIena¼fa ²nagcUrRKl´ buRtrbs´nagdl´nagykçinIcu¼ ³ . s¿ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn ¹RB¼Gg:xøac . t¿ nagkuMxøaceLIy/ GnþrayrEmgminmandl´nageRBa¼ GaRs&ynagykçinIen¼eLIy .
  • 114. -113- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT nagán[buRtdl´ykçinIena¼ehIy nagykçinIena¼k¾TTYl Tarkena¼mk{befIbehIy RbKl´CUnnagkulFItavijehIy k¾ epþImyM RKaena¼ RB¼sasþaRtas´sYrnagykçinIena¼fa ehtudUc emþcánCanagyM . nagykçinIena¼RkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn BImun ¹RB¼Gg:ciBa©wmCIvitedaymineRCIserIspøÚv k¾enAEtminánGahar eBjépÞ/ }LÚven¼ ¹RB¼Gg:nwgciBa©wmCIvitány¨agdUcemþc³ . RKaena¼ RB¼sasþa RTg´lYgelamnagykçinIena¼fa ²nag kuMRBÜyeLIy³ dUecñ¼ehIy Rtas´eTAkan´nagkulFItafa ²nagcUr naMnagykçinIeTAenAkñúgpÞ¼rbs´nag ehIycUrp:t´p:g´edaybbr nig áyd¾fμIefμagTaMgLaycu¼³ ®sþIena¼naMnagykçinIeTAehIy [ sRmakenAkñúgeragt,al´ ánp:t´p:g´edaybbr nigáyfμIefμag TaMgLay . kñúgevlabukRsÚv GERgRákddl´nagykçinIena¼ dUcRbharsirsa eTIbnagehAnagkulFItaEdlCasmøaj´mk
  • 115. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -114- ehIy niyayfa ²¹minGacenATIen¼án sUmnagcUr[¹sñak´ enAkñúgTIdéTcu¼³ nagkulFItak¾[sñak´enAkñúgTITaMgen¼ KWkñúgerag GERg Ek,rBagTwk Ek,rc®g;an eRkamsMyabpÞ¼ elIKMnrsRmam Ek,rTVarRsúk/ ( nag ) k¾eBalfa ²kñúgeragGERg GERgrEmg RákddUcCaRbharsirsa¹/ Ek,rBagTwk BYkekμgrEmgcak´Twk Edlsl´eTAEk,rBagTwk/ Ek,rc®g;anen¼hVÚgsunxrEmgmkedk/ eRkamsMyabpÞ¼/BYkekμgrEmgeFVInUvvtSúminsðat/Ek,rKMnrsRmam CnTaMgLayrEmgcak´sRmam/ Ek,rekøagTVar ekμgGñkRsúk rEmgelgEl,gxñac´ ²dUecñ¼ehIy ánhamTITaMgBYgena¼³ . RKaena¼ nagkulFIta k¾[nagykçinIena¼sRmakenAkñúg TId¾s¶at´xageRkARsúk ehIynaMePaCn manbbr nigáyCaedIm d¾fμIefμageTAedIm,Ip:t´p:g´nagykçnIkñúgTIena¼ nagykçinIena¼Kit y¨agen¼fa ²}LÚven¼ ®sþICasmøaj´rbs´eyIg man«bkar£ dl´eyIgeRcIn eyIgKYrEteFVIGVImYyedIm,Itbsñg sgKuNnag³
  • 116. -115- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT dUecñ¼ehIy ánRáb´®sþIEdlCasmøaj´ena¼fa ²kñúgqñaMen¼nwg manePøógFøak´lð/ nagcUreFVIsnÞÚgkñúgTITYlcu¼/ kñúgqñaMen¼ePøógBMulð nagcUreFVInUvsnÞÚgkñúgTITMnab Etmü¨agcu¼ . RsÚvEdlBYkCnd¾ esseFVIehIy rEmgvinaseTAedayTwkxø¼ edayminmanTwkxø¼ . cMENksnÞÚgrbs´nagkulFItaena¼ rEmgbribUN’éRkElg . nagykçinIcab´epþImtaMgslakPtþ RKaena¼ BYkCnTaMgLayd¾essnaMKñasYrnagkulFItafa ²En+nag snÞÚgEdlnageFVIehIy rEmgminvinasedayTwkéRkeBk rEmgminvinasedayTwktic/ nagdwgnUvPav£énqñaMmanePøóglð nig qñaMmanePøógminlðehIyeTIbeFVInUvkargar¦ ? nagRáb´fa ²nag ykçinICasmøaj´rbs´¹Ráb´nUvPav£énqñaMman ePøóglð nigqñaMman ePøógminlðdl´¹/ ¹eFVIsnÞÚgTaMgLaykñúgTITYl nigTITMnabtam Bakürbs´ykçinIena¼/ eRBa¼ehtuena¼ eTIbsnÞÚgrbs´¹seRmc ánbribUN’/ BYkGñkTaMgLaymineXIjnUvePaCnTaMgLay man
  • 117. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgkarekIténnagykçinI -116- bbr nigáyCaedImEdl¹[eKnaMeTAGMBIpÞ¼rbs´¹edIm,InagGs´ kalCanic©eT¦ ? vtSúTaMgLaymanbbr nigáyCaedImena¼ KW¹ naMeTAedIm,InagykçinIena¼ sUm,IGñkTaMgBYgk¾cUrnaMePaCnTaMg- Laymanbbr nigáyd¾fμIefμagCaedImeTAedIm,InagykçinIena¼xø¼ cu¼ nagykçinIena¼ k¾nwgRbemIlemIlnUvkargarTaMgLay rbs´ eyIgral´Kña³ . RKaena¼ BYkCnEdlenAkñúgRkúgTaMgmUl naMKñaeFVIsk;ar- bUCadl´nagykçinIena¼/ cab´epþImGMBIena¼mk nagykçinIena¼ k¾ RbemIlemIlnUvkargarTaMgLayrbs´CnTaMgBYg Ca®sþIdl´ehIy nUvPav£CaGñkef;IgedaylaP Ca®sþImanbrivareRcIn . kñúgkaltmk nagykçinIena¼ taMgepþImnUvslakPtþ 8 kEnøg . slakPtþena¼ CnTaMgLayánnaMKñaeFVIt@ mkdl´ sBVéf¶en¼ >€ ( erOgkarekIténnagkaLIykçinI cb´ )
  • 118. 5 erOgPikçúekasm<I esckIþxagedIm RB¼sasþa kalKg´enAkñúgvtþeCtBn RTg´RárB§BYkPikçú ekasm<I Rtas´RB¼FmμeTsnaen¼fa ²ber c n viCannþi³ CaedIm . RB¼vin&yFr nig RB¼FmμkfikRbEkkKñaerOgvin&y esckIþBisþþarfa PikçúBIrrUb KWRB¼vin&yFrmYyrUb RB¼Fmμ- kfikmYyrUb manbrivarmYyrUb@ 500 enAkñúgeXasitaram eTob Rkúgekasm<I . éf¶mYy RB¼FmμkfikcUlbg:n´ ehIybnßl´Twk sRmab´CRm¼TukkñúgPaCn£CRm¼kñúgbnÞb´Twkena¼ ehIyk¾ecjmk vij xageRkaymkRB¼vin&yFrcUleTAbnÞb´Twkena¼ eXIjTwk ena¼ ecjmksYrRB¼Fmμkfikfa ²mñalGavuesa elakbnßl´ TwkTuk¦³ ? Fmμ¿ kruNa elakd¾manGayu . vi¿ elakmindwgfaCaGabtþi eRBa¼karbnßl´TwkTukeT¦ ?
  • 119. -118- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT Fmμ¿ kruNa ¹mindwgeT . vi¿ Gavuesa elakmindwgfaCaGabtþi edaykarbnßl´Twk Tuken¼ k¾eNHIycu¼ . Fmμ¿ ebIdUecña¼ ¹nwgsEmþgGabtþiena¼ecj . vi¿ mñalGavuesa RbsinebIesckIþnu+¼elakminmancitþEkøg eRBa¼karminmansti/ Gabtþiminman . RB¼Fmμkfikena¼ ánCaGñkmankareXIjGabtþiena¼fa minEmnGabtþi . cMENkRB¼vin&yFránRáb´sisßrbs´xøÜnfa ²RB¼Fmμ- kfikrUbena¼RtÚvGabtþiehIyk¾mindwgfaCaGabtþi³ . sisßrbs´ RB¼vin&yFrena¼ eXIjsisßrbs´RB¼Fmμkfikena¼ehIy án eBalfa²RB¼«bCÄay_rbs´BYkelaksUm,IRtÚvGabtþiehIy k¾min dwgfaCaGabtþi³ . sisßrbs´Fmμkfikena¼eTARáb´«CÄay_rbs´ xøÜn. RB¼Fmμkfikena¼niyayy¨agen¼fa²RB¼vin&yFrrUben¼ kal
  • 120. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -119- munniyayfa ²minCaGabtþi³ }LÚven¼niyayfaCaGabtþi³ RB¼- vin&yFrrUbena¼niyaymusa³ sisßrbs´RB¼Fmμkfikena¼niyay fa ²RB¼«bCÄay_rbs´BYkelakniyaymusa³ . sisßrbs´RB¼ vin&yFr nigRB¼Fmμkfikena¼júaMgCemøa¼[ceRmInehIy eday Rbkary¨agen¼ . xageRkaymk RB¼vin&yFrán{kasehIy k¾áneFVI «ekçbnIykmμdl´RB¼Fmμkfik eRBa¼eTasEdlmineXIjGabtþi cab´BIeBlena¼mk sUm,IBYk«bdæakGñkfVaybc©&yrbs´PikçúTaMg BIrrUbena¼k¾ánEbkCaBIrBYk . BYkPikçúnIGñkTTYl{vaTkIþ BYk GarkçeTvtakIþ rbs´PikçúTaMgBIrrUbena¼ BYkGakasdæeTvtaCamitþ RKan´EteXIj RBmTaMgmitþsñiT§sñalrbs´BYkGarkçeTvtaTaMgena¼ kIþ/ BYkbufuC¢nTaMgBYgkIþ ánEbkCaBIrBYk rhUtdl´RBhμelak k¾ mansMeLgKwkkgRbRBwtþeTAdUcKña ánmanrhUtdl´GnidæRBhμ .
  • 121. RB¼sasþaRtas´eRbónRbedA[samKI:Kña RKaena¼ PikçúmYyrUbcUleTAKal´RB¼tfaKt RkabTUldl´ karEdlBYkPikçúGñkelIkvtþRbkan´fa ²RB¼FmμkfikrUben¼ sgÇ elIkvtþehIyedaykmμEdlRbkbedayFm’’³ nigkarEdlBYkPikçú GñkRbRBwtþtamFmμkfikEdlsgÇ elIkvtþehIyRbkan´fa ²RB¼- «bCÄay_rbs´BYkeyIg sgÇelIkvtþehIyedaykmμEdlmin RbkbedayFm’³ nigkarEdlBYkPikçúGñkRbRBwtþtamRB¼Fmμkfik EdlsgÇelIkvtþTaMgena¼ sUm,IEdlBYkPikçúGñkelIkvtþham ehIy k¾enAEtcecsRtac´tamEhhmecameramRB¼Fmμkfikena¼ dEdl . RB¼manRB¼PaKbBa¢Ún{vaTeTAfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaycUrRBmeRBógKña³ Gs´var£BIrdg RTg´RB¼sNþab´ fa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn PikçúTaMgLayminRBmeRBógKñaeT³ kñúg var£TIbI RTg´RB¼sNþab´fa ²PikçúsgÇEbkKñaehIy³ dUecñ¼ eTIb esþcyageTAkan´smñak´rbs´PikçúTaMgLay ehIyRtas´eTas kñúgkarelIkvtþrbs´BYkPikçúGñkelIkvtþ nigeTaskñúgkarmin
  • 122. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -121- eXIjGabtþirbs´BYkPikçúeRkAen¼ ehIyRTg´GnuBaØatsgÇkmμTaMg Lay man«eásfCaedImkñúgsImaCamYyKña kñúgvtþeXasita- ramena¼dl´PikçúTaMgLayeTot ehIyRTg´bBaØtþvtþkñúgeragqan´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay GñkTaMgLayKb,IGg:úyCaCYrelIGasn£ mYy@ Cacenøa¼@³ dUecñ¼CaedIm dl´PikçúTaMgLayGñkekItkarRb- kYtRbkan´KñakñúgTITaMgLay maneragqan´ CaedIm ehIyRTg´ RB¼sNþab´fa²sUm,I}LÚven¼ PikçúTaMgLayk¾enAEtRbkYtRbkan´ eQøa¼Tas´ETgKñadEdl eTIbesþcyageTAvtþeXasitaramena¼ ehIyRtas´hamfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay GñkTaMgLaykuMRbkYt Rbkan´eQøa¼Tas´ETgKñaeLIy³ dUecñ¼CaedIm ehIyRTg´Rtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay EdleQμa¼fa karRbkYtRbkan´Kña kareQøa¼ Tas´ETgKña karRbkan´ExVgKMnitKña nigkarvivaTKñaena¼ naMmknUv esckIþvinas/ BitNas´ sUm,IstVecobkb,asGaRs&ykar eQøa¼KñaGaceFVI[esþcdMrIdl´karGs´CIvit³ dUecñ¼ehIy RTg´
  • 123. -122- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT Rtas´ldukikCatk* ehIyRtas´fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay Gñk TaMgLaycUrRBmeRBógKñacu¼ kuMvivaTKñaeLIy eRBa¼fa sUm,IstV ecobkb,asCaeRcInBan´GaRs&ykarvivaTKña ándl´karGs´ CIvit³ dUecñ¼ehIy Rtas´vdþkCatk* . Rtas´eRbónRbedAbu¨nμank¾mineCO sUm,IRB¼smμasm<úT§ RTg´TUnμaneRbónRbedAy¨agNak¾ eday PikçúTaMgena¼k¾minsþab´ kalPikçúEdlCa FmμvaTImYyrUbmin eBjcitþ[tfaKtlMák ánRkabTUlfa ²bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾cMerIn sUmRB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ CaesþcénFm’’ sUmRTg´rg´caMsincu¼ bBiRtRB¼Gg:d¾ceRmIn sUmRB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´mankarxVl´ xVaytic BüayamRbkbnUvFm’’EdlCaeRKÓgenACasuxkñúgTidæFm’’ cu¼ BYk¹RB¼Gg:nwgRákdeRBa¼karRbkYtRbkan´ kareQøa¼ kar * xu¿ Ca¿ bBa©k¿ . * xu¿ Ca¿ Ék¿ .
  • 124. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -123- Rbkan´ExVgKMnitKña nigkarvivaTKñaena¼Ég RB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´ dMNaldl´karEdlRB¼áTTIXItiekaslraC RtÚvRB¼áT RBhμTtdeNIþmykraCsm,tþi RB¼Gg:bnøMePTmin[nrNas:al´ ( RTg´Kg´enAkñúgRkúgBaraNsI ) RtÚvRB¼áTRBhμTtþcab´pþac´ RB¼Cnμ nigkarEdlRB¼áTRBhμTt RBmTaMgTIXavukumarena¼ RBmeRBógKña cab´epþImBIeBlEdlTIXavukumaránfVayCIvitdl´ RB¼Gg:fa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLay manRB¼áTRkúgkasI ( mYyRB¼ Gg: ) RTg´RB¼namfa RB¼áTRBhμTtþ³ dUecñ¼CaedIm sUm,IRtas´ eRbónRbedAfa ²mñalPikçúTaMgLayesckIþGt´Fn´ nigkars¶b´ es¶ómEbbena¼ ánmanehIydl´RB¼raCaTaMgena¼ GñkmandMbg Edlkan´TukehIy Gñkmans®sþaenAkñúgédehIy mñalPikçúTaMg Lay karEdlGñkTaMgLaybYsehIy kñúgFmμvin&yEdltfaKt sEmþgehIyedayRbéBy¨agen¼ KYrCaGñkGt´Fn´ CaGñks¶b´ es¶óm nigKb,IsðatkñúgFmμvin&yen¼Ég³ dUecñ¼ k¾enAEtminGac
  • 125. -124- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT eFVIPikçúTaMgLay[RBmeRBógKñaán . RB¼sasþaRTg´GpßúkeTIbesþceKceTAcaMvsßa enAkñúgéRBrkçitv&n RB¼Gg:RTg´GpßúkRB¼T&y eRBa¼karenARcbUkRcbl´ eTIb RTg´RB¼cinþafa²karEdltfaKtenARcbUkRcbl´Kñay¨agen¼ rEmg CaTukç ehIyPikçúTaMgen¼k¾mineFVI ( tam ) Bakürbs´tfaKteTot ebIdUecña¼ tfaKtKb,IeKcecjGMBIBYk eTAenAEtmYyRB¼Gg:Ég³ dUecñ¼ehIy esþcRtac´biNÐátkñúgRkúgekasm<I minRtas´Ráb´ BYkPikçúsgÇ RTg´kan´áRt nigcIvrrbs´RB¼Gg:esþcyageTA BalkelaNkaramEtmYyRB¼Gg:Ég Rtas´Ékcarikvtþdl´ RB¼PK:úetSrkñúgBalkelaNkaramena¼ehIy Rtas´Ganisgßén karsamKI:rsdl´kulbuRt 3 nak´kñúgmiKTav&neQμa¼ ácinvgß ehIyesþcyageTAkan´Rsúkálielyük£ dUcánsþab´mk RKaena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKRTg´GaRs&yRsúkálielyük£ esþc
  • 126. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -125- caMvsßaenAeRkamedImsalRBwkßFM kñúgdgéRBrkçitv&n EdldMrI álielyük£«bdæakenACasux . BYk«áskTUnμanPikçú cMENkBYk«áskGñkenAkñúgRkúgekasm<Iena¼Ég eTAkan´ viharmineXIjRB¼sasþa eTIbsYrfa ²RB¼sasþaesþcyageTA Na elakm©as´³ ? PikçúTaMgena¼eBalfa ²esþceTAkan´dgéRB álielyük£ehIy³ . «¿ eRBa¼ehtuGVI elakm©as´ ? P¿ RB¼Gg:RTg´BüayamnwgeFVIBYkeyIg[RBmeRBógKña Et BYkeyIg minánRBmeRBógKña . «¿ bBiRtelakm©as´d¾ceRmIn elakm©as´TaMgLaybYs kñúgsmñak´rbs´RB¼sasþaehIy kalRB¼Gg:RTg´sEmþgFm’[ samK:IKña/ minsamK:IKña¦ ? PikçúTaMgLayeqøIyfa mñal«áskTaMgLay y¨agena¼
  • 127. -126- FmμbTdækfa GdækfaxuTÞknikay KafaFmμbT Ég . «ásk «ásikaTaMgena¼KitKñafa ²BYkPikçúTaMgen¼bYs kñúgsmñak´RB¼sasþaehIy/ kalRB¼Gg:RTg´sEmþgFm’[samK:I Kña k¾minsamK:IKña BYkeyIgmináneXIjRB¼sasþaeRBa¼Ga-Rs&yPikçúTaMgen¼/ BYkeyIgnwgminfVayGasn£ nwgmineFVIsamI cikmμ mankarsMB¼CaedImdl´PikçúTaMgen¼³ cab´epIþmBIena¼mkk¾ mineFVIsUm,IRtwmEtsamIcikmμdl´PikçúTaMgena¼ . PikçúTaMgLay s:aMgs:meRBa¼karmanGahartic/ edayBIrbIéf¶bu¨eNÑa¼k¾Camnusß Rtg´ sEmþgnUveTasEdlRbRBwtþknøgehIydl´KñanigKña júaMg KñanigKña[Gt´eTas[ ehIyeBalfa mñal«ásk nig«á- sikaTaMgLay eyIgTaMgLayRBmeRBógKñaehIy/ cMENkBYk elakcUrRbeKnbc©&y 4 dl´BYkeyIgdUckalmuncu¼³ . «¿ elakm©as´TaMgLay sUm[RB¼sasþaGt´eTas[ ehIy¦ ?
  • 128. ymkvK:vNÑna erOgPikçúekasm<I -127- Pi¿ mñalGñkd¾manGayuTaMgLay eyIgTaMgLayminTan´ sUm[RTg´Gt´eTas[enAeLIyeT . «¿ ebIdUecña¼ sUmelakm©as´TaMgLay eTAsUmxmaeTas RB¼sasþacu¼ cMENk¹m©as´TaMgLaynwgRbeKnbc©&y 4 dl´ elakm©as´TaMgLaydUcBImuneTot kñúgkalNaEdlelak m©as´TaMgLay sUm[RB¼sasþaGt´eTas[ . PikçúTaMgLayminGacnwgeTAkan´smñak´RB¼sasþa eRBa¼ CakalenAkñúgvsßa júaMgkalxagkñúgvsßaena¼ [knøgeTA edaylMák . dMrIálielyük£«bdæakRB¼sasþa cMENkRB¼sasþa EdldMrId¾RbesIrena¼p:t´p:g´ RTg´Kg´ enACasux . cMENkdMrIena¼ l¼bg´nUvhVÚgcUleTAkan´dgéRBena¼ edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl´kiriyaenACasuxEdr . RB¼Fmμsg:ahkacarü eBalTuky¨agNa ?