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1. BABARIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
PROJECT - 1 (2170001)
TEAM ID - 63561
TEAM MEMBER : (7th semester Civil-2)
 SHAH AAKASH 140053106017
 VALA VATSAL 140053106024
 PATEL CHIRAG 110050106023
 VIDJA CHIRAG 120050106009
GUIDE:
 FINHASALI CHINWALA
Assistant Professor,
BITS Edu Campus

2. Study and Transformation of
Occupational Health and Safety
techniques in Construction industry in
India

3. Abstract
3

4. Abstract
 In this new era of rapid construction, the upcoming technologies have reached
heights but the situation for workers and their safety is pity during the construction
process. The routine work for most of the workers is hard and they get drained out
after the completion of the work. More often they experience major to minor
hazards during work and bad occupational health due to many problems like poor
management, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of provision of insurance,
improper safety measures and absence of guidelines provided to control hazard,
shortage of emergency aids, continuous and lengthy working periods without a
break and shortness of nutritious food. Hence proper maintenance of equipment
should be carried out and a detailed safety check list for any work with all safety
measures should be provided well in advance to prevent hazards. Construction is
project based where different parties work together to achieve a common goal.

5. What is our Aim?
5

6. In India there are many accidents happen during construction causing major injuries and
causalities of workers.
Aim

7. Even if we have modern technology and equipments, accidents during construction can
happen. To prevent workers against any of such hazards may happen during construction
the following should be carried out
 Safety equipment
 Provision of safety & health guidelines before the starting of work
 Routine work chart for worker indicating shifts and break details
 Medical and physical fitness certificate
 Warning signs
 Insurance
Aim

8. What is Scope of this
project?
8

9. If we provide adequate safety and heath measures for the workers during construction
then we can achieve:
 Increase in the efficiency of the workers
 Improved health of workers
 Less accidents and injuries
 Quality of the construction may be improved
Scope

10. Literature Review

11. Literature Review
Sr. No. Name of Paper Author Date Conclusion
1. Safety in Indian Construction Karan Singh 11/11/2014
2.
Basics of Occupational Safety
nd Health
Bagmita Bhagawati August 2015
Construction organizations are faced with the
challenge of having to closely monitor their
safety management systems to minimize
occupational hazards, while simultaneously
trying to sustain profits in a competitive
marketplace.
The most effective accident and disease
prevention begins when work processes are still
in the design stage when safe conditions can
be taken into consideration, rather than
attempting to solve problems after they have
already developed.
The aim of occupational safety and health
should be to achieve healthy and safe working
environment as healthy workers will be better
motivated which will contribute better-quality
products and services.

12. Literature Review
Sr. No. Name of Paper Author Date Conclusion
3. Alhajeri, M. February 2014
4. Amal ElSafty1,
Adel ElSafty2,
Maged Malek3
15/08/2015
This research found that larger contractors
tend to perform better compared to smaller
companies generally because they have
greater resources to do so.
Health and safety in the
construction industry:
challenges and solutions
in the UAE
There are many benefits to focusing on
occupational health and wellness of the
workers.
Safety consciousness is a vital professional
qualification for construction worker. Workers
should always be provided with a safety
phone number for emergency situations, and
continuous advice.
Construction Safety and
Occupational Health
Education in Egypt, the
EU, and US Firms

13. Literature Review
Sr. No. Name of Paper Author Date Conclusion
5. S. Kanchana 1,
P.Sivaprakash 2,
and
Sebastian Josep
h3
06/12/2015 Construction industries are faced with the
challenge of having close monitor of their
labour safety management systems to
minimize occupational hazards.
In both small and large construction sites,
more number of accidents occurred due to
body injuries accounting to 44.1% and 26.4%,
respectively.
Studies on Labour
Safety in Construction
Sites

14. Hence, we have modern technology & equipments, In the last few
years major hazards during construction were happened in India and in
the world. Some of the examples are mentioned in the next slides

15. Example
#1 Kolkata flyover collapse ~ Background
 On March 31, 2016, The
construction for the 2.2-
kilometre (1.4 mi) Vivekananda
flyover in Kolkata was
contracted in 2008 and the
work began in 2009.

16. Example
#1 Kolkata flyover collapse ~ Incident
 At 12:40 pm IST on 31 March 2016, a 150 m (490 ft) span of steel of the bridge
collapsed, trapping many pedestrians and vehicles underneath.
 The incident took place at the busy Rabindra Sarani - K K Tagore road crossing. 27
people were killed and at least 80 others were injured.
 As of 1 April, over 100 people were still unaccounted for.

17. Example#1Kolkataflyovercollapse

18. Example#1Kolkataflyovercollapse

19. Example
#2 Wall collapse in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
 Seven construction workers were killed
when a huge earthen mound caved in
at the site of an under-construction
shopping complex near Harihar
Cinemas at Lakshmipuram in Guntur
on Saturday, 14 May 2016 evening.
 The workers were engaged in building
the compound wall when the earthen
mound around the pit caved in
burying them in mud and slush.
Fire and emergency personnel at the site where a huge earthen
mound caved in at Guntur in Andhra Pradesh on Saturday.

20. Example#3WallcollapseinGuntur

21. Example#3WallcollapseinGuntur

22. Example
#3 Mecca crane collapse, Saudi Arabia
 On 11 September 2015, a crawler
crane toppled over onto the
Masjid al-Haram, the Grand
Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
 111 people were killed and 394
injured
 The Saudi Civil Defence authority
confirmed that a crane collapsed
through the ceiling of the mosque
during strong winds created by a
powerful storm.

23. Example
#3 Mecca crane collapse
 There were strong sand storms in
the region over the preceding
week.
 The authority said an hour before
the disaster that Mecca was
experiencing medium to heavy
rains.
 There were also reports of winds of
more than 40 kilometres per hour
(25 mph).

24. Example
#3 Mecca crane collapse ~ About Crane
 The German-made crawler crane LR 11350
 Involved in the incident is operated by the Saudi
Binladin Group, who are heading the expansion of
the Grand Mosque and also responsible for a large
amount of major building contracts in Saudi Arabia.

25. Example
#3 Mecca crane collapse ~ Condition after collapse

26. Example
#3Meccacranecollapse

27. How much Important of Safety in India nowadays…

28. Current Scenario on Construction sites related to Safety
and Health of Worker

29. Current Construction site conditionInINDIA
60% fatality occurs from height less than 5 meter

30. Material and Equipment
#1 Cement Storage
 Bulk quantity of Cement
bags
 Loading against wall, loading
up to the ceiling that may fall
on workers

31. #2 Bad Storage
 Corroded equipments affect
worker's health and safety
Material and Equipment

32. #3 Bad Fire Protection
 Fire extinguisher is out of
date
 Not easily available during
emergency
 Workers are not aware how
to operate it
Material and Equipment

33. #4 Gas cylinder kept horizontally anywhere
Material and Equipment

34. #5 Bad hand tools
Material and Equipment

35. #6 Unsafe Ladder
Material and Equipment

36. #7 Unsafe access
Material and Equipment

37. #8 Access of Child
 As shown in image,
Contractor hires children for
construction work.
Worker’s Condition

38. #9 Bad Light / Visibility and Ventilation
Worker’s Condition

39. #10 Unsafe Sitting / sleeping Places
Worker’s Condition

40. #11 Unsafe manual material handling
 Without glows
 Without safety shoes
Worker’s Condition

41. #12 Unsafe act-standing on moving vehicle
Worker’s Condition

42. And Many more…
Worker’s Condition

43. Fall Protection – The Problem
 As per New OSHA standards in 1995, Fatal
injuries involving falls increased by 20 from the
preliminary count to 700 cases.
 Falls are serious safety concerns at the jobsite.
 Falls are one of the leading causes of worker
deaths in construction.

44. Fall Protection – The Problem
 Roofs
 Structures (non roofs) ex: Steel, wood frame
 Scaffold
 Ladders
 Holes
Where are Worker Falling?

45. Fall Protection – The Problem
Where are Worker Falling?

46. Fall Protection – The Solution

47. Fall Protection – The Problem
 Fall protection protects workers from
fall hazards.
 Fall protection doesn’t mean bulky or
cumbersome equipment.
 It doesn’t interfere with work tasks and
it doesn’t get in the way of co-workers
– when used properly
Unguarded open-sided floor

48. Fall Protection – The Problem

49. Without safety…

50. Fall ProtectionProblem&Solution

51. Fall ~ Without signs boards

52. Fall Protection – The Solution

53. Checklist

54. To provide guidelines to the workers, contractors, engineers etc. at
construction sites and to observe the construction site wither enough
safety and health measures are taken or not. We will prepare a manual
which includes guidelines a checklist for common works of the construction

55. How we can improve?
Stop Child Labour at site

56. How we can improve?
All fall protection equipments must be
inspected at the beginning of each 8-hour
shift by an authorized person
Written or electronic records of inspection
should be kept on file for service life of
product.
 Conduct periodic inspections
 Is fall protection is placed?
 Take pictures of people doing it right
Inspections

57. How we can improve?
 Adequate supply of hard hats
 Adequate supply of eye protection
 High visibility clothing
 Adequate supply of hearing protection
 Glove/hand protection appropriate for the task
 Foot guards
Personal Protective Equipment

58. How we can improve?
 Excavation and protection plan
 Adequate shoring on hand
 Compètent excavation Person on site
Excavations

59. How we can improve?
 Guardrails on side with both top and
mid-rails
 Handrails
 Evenly spaced threads
 Foot clearance
Stairs

60. How we can improve?
 Training specific for users
 Inspections before use
 Fall protection required above 10
feet.
 Suspended scaffolds need
independent fall arrest from the
scaffold
Scaffolds

61. How we can improve?
 Scaffolds must be fully planked,
secured and overlapped.
 Falling object protection required.
 Inspect planks for damage or
overloading.
Scaffold Planking

62. How we can improve?
 Train workers
 When to use fall arrest
 How to wear fall arrest
Training

63. How we can improve?
 Safety Poster
 No Smoking
 Crane signal poster
 Specific Local Requirements
 No Alcohol, Drugs, Firearms
 Danger Electrical Hazard Keep Out
 Danger Construction Area Keep Out
 Danger Construction Area Hard Hat Required
 Warning Scaffold Under Construction Do Not Use
 Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
Posting Requirements (Sign Board)

64. How we can improve?
Posting Requirements (Sign Board)

65. How we can improve?
 Fall protection and rescue plan
 Handrails
 Slip resistant threads
 Slip resistant shoes
 Fall restraint systems
 Guard rail post at 8 feet
 Mobile scaffolding is provided with
positive locking casters and guardrails
 Adequate safety harnesses
 Flagging at 6 feet
 Workers protected at height of 6 feet
Fall Protection

66. How we can improve?
Fall Protection

67. Checklist
 If people are not wearing the fall arrest,
what is the consequence?
Enforcement

68. How we can improve?
 Decking is the most common activity that historically killed iron workers
Safety Nets Used for Decking

69. How we can improve?
 List of approved doctors or clinics
 Well stocked first aid kit present on the job si
te
 At least one person on each shift with valid F
irst Aid Certificate
First Aid and Medical

70. How we can improve?
 A fire prevention plan has been developed for this job site
 Fire extinguishers are available on the job site
 Fire extinguishers: one for each 3000 sq. feet of building
 Fire extinguishers check on tagged on regular basis
Fire Prevention

71. How we can improve?
 Equipment in good repair
 Equipment clean
 Inspection log up to date
 All glass is free from cracks and breaks
 Back up alarms in working order
 Seat belts in use
 Fire extinguisher in equipment
Equipment (motorized)

72. Some Videos related to Our Project…
Videos

73. Accidents in…
Construction Vehicle
 Poor visibility
 Driver Not suitable
for heavy vehicle
driving

74. Electrical Panel Repair Results in Electrocution
Accidents in…

75. Construction Laying Stone…
Sprains and Strains

76. Conclusion
 In this semester we have studied present scenario of worker’s safety and health
issues during construction. We have provided the possible solutions to improve it &
for the betterment of the workers . Because the construction sites are very diverse
and many activities and works are going on. So to know whether enough safety and
health measures are provided to the workers or not; we have prepared a checklist.
With the help of this checklist we will analyse various construction sites in the next
semester.

77. Tentative work scheduled to be done
• Introduction
• Aim & Scope
• Literature Review
• Preparation of checklist
Workflow
7th 8th
Semester
• Visiting various sites
• Filling the checklist
• Detailed analysis & conclusion

78. Reference
1. OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration, “OSHA Forms for Recording
Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses,” 2003. http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/new-
osha300form1-1-04.pdf
2. OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “OSHA Regulations
(Standards-29 CFR),” 2006.
3. OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration, “Occupational Safety and
Health Act of 1970,” 2009.
4. Innovative Solutions to Safety and Health Risks in the Construction, Health Care and
HORECA Sectors, European Agency for Safety and Health atWork (EU-OSHA),
Bilbao, Spain, 2011.

79. Reference
5. 2015, https://www.osha.gov/oshstats/commonstats.html.
6. EU-OSHA–European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Accident Prevention in
the Construction Sector, 2003
7. “SP70:2001, Handbook on Construction Safety Practices”, (Reprint 2007)”, Published
by Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002.
8. “Safety health and welfare on construction sites A Training Manual”, International
Labour Office, Geneva.
9. “SP7:2005, National Building Code of India 2005”, Second Revision 2005, Published
by Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002.

80. 80