Whats is public health. Brief history of public health - Sanitary awakening, Germ theory of disease, etc What are the current definitions :- WHO, CDC etc Basic components of public health :- health promotion, Prevention, Multisectoral coordination And tools of public health :- surveillance, monitoring, indicators etc

1. DEFINITION AND
CONCEPTS
VIJAY KUMAR MEHANDIA
Community medicine and school of public
health, PGIMER, Chandigarh

2. WHAT PUBLIC HEALTH IS ALL ABOUT ?

3. WHAT WILL CLINICIAN D0

4. WHAT PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERTS WILL DO
LOOKING FOR HOW AND WHY
 ANY VISION PROBLEM
 LACK KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILL
 DRINK AND
DRIVE
 ATTITUDE TO
TOWARD DRIVING
 WAS ROAD MANAINED
 WAS CAR MANTAINED
 NOT ENOUGH MONEY
 UNEMLPOYEMENT
 NOT EDUCATED
 LACK EDUCATION INSTITUTES
 LEGISLATURE

6. MAJOR TIMELINE OF PUBLIC HEALTH

7. SANITARY AWAKENING
Great sanitary awakening – mid nineteenth in England
Public health act of 1848- England
Vaccination made compulsory in 1858
Chadwick: Sanitary idea
Sir john Simon: sanitary act 1866
Contribution :-
Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890)
Sir john Simon
John snow
Problems of 18th century
Creation of slums, overcrowding, accumulation of filth, high sickness and
death rates due to infectious diseases

8. THE RISE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
 Sanitary awakening lead to the birth of the concept of public health in
England
 The public health administration in India actually started in 1884 in
Bengal.
 The first Municipal Act was passed in 1884 in Bengal.

10. WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH?
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health and efficiency through organized community
efforts (C.E.A WINSLOW, 1920)
The field pays special attention to the social context of
disease and health and focuses on improving health through
society wide measures like vaccinations, the fluoridation of
drinking water, or through policies such as seat belt and non
smoking laws. (DONALD ACHESON REPORT, 1988 UK)
The process of mobilizing locals, states, national and
international resources to ensure conditions in which people
can be healthy. (DETELS AND BRESLOW, 1977)

11. CURRENT DEFINITION OF PUBLIC HEALTH
 According to the American Public Health Association, “Public Health is the practice of preventing disease
and promoting good health within groups of people, from small communities to entire countries.”
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Public health refers to all organized measures
(whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a
whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire
populations, not on individual patients or diseases.”
 The Public Health System - According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
“Public health systems are commonly defined as ‘all public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to
the delivery of essential public health services within a jurisdiction."

12. CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
 Employees of public health
 Major focuses
 Working strategies

13. EMPLOYEES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
 Professionals from various backgrounds
contributing knowledge and skills from their
disciplines to one profession
 Public health builds on and applies a range of
sciences such as biology anatomy, psychology,
sociology, anthropology, environment, etc.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY

14. MAIN FOCUSES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
POPULATION BASED
 Works on masses
 Thing from broad
perspective.
determinants of health:
genetics, behavior, environmental and
physical influences, medical care and social
factors

15. WORKING STRATEGIES
DISEASE PREVENTION
It is a procedure through which individuals, particularly
those with risk factors for a disease, are treated in order to
prevent a disease from occurring.

16. Working strategies (Conti.)
Heath promotion
“Health promotion is the process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve their health.”( Health
Promotion Glossary, 1998)

17. Working strategies (Conti.)
SURVEILLANCE
INDICATORS
SURVEY

18. GREAT PUBLIC HEALTH ACHIEVEMENTS -- WORLDWIDE
 Reductions in Child Mortality
 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
 Access to Safe Water and Sanitation
 Malaria Prevention and Control
 Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS
 Tuberculosis Control
 Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
 Tobacco Control
 Increased Awareness and Response for Improving Global Road Safety
 Improved Preparedness and Response to Global Health Threats