2. Understanding the wave
• Waves are vibrations that propagate through
the medium.
• Waves carry energy from one place to
another.
• Periodic wave is a wave motion on a regular
basis and repeatedly having a continuous
source of disturbance and oscillates, in the
form of vibration or oscillation.
3. Terminology of a Wave
• Highest points on the wave called the crest of
a wave, while the lowest points called the
trough of the wave.
• Amplitude (A) is the maximum
displacement, is a maximum height of the
peak, or maximum depth of the
trough, relative to its equilibrium position.
4. Terminology of a Wave
• Wavelength (λ) is distance of two consecutive
points in the same position.
• Frequency (f), is the number of peaks or a
complete cycle that passes through a point
per unit time.
• Period (T), is the time required for one
oscillation, is the time elapsed between two
consecutive peaks that pass through the same
point in space.
5. Terminology of a Wave
• Wave velocity (v) is the distance traveled in unit time
wave.
• If a wave to travel one wavelength (λ), in one period
(T), then the wave velocity is equal to λ / T, or v = λ/T.
Because 1/T = f then :
The Wave Equation v=ƒ
7. TYPES OF WAVES
Waves are classified into different types according
to their natures :
WAVES
Mechanical waves Electromagnetic waves
Transverse waves Longitudinal waves Transverse waves
8. 1. Mechanical Waves
• Mechanical waves in a wave that requires
propagation intermediary medium.
Mechanical waves cannot travel through
vacuum.
• Mechanical vibration waves originating from a
point or a particle in space.
• Examples : Water waves, sound
wave, vibration of spring, etc.
9. 2. Electromagnetic waves
electromagnetic waves in a wave that not
requires propagation intermediary medium.
Electromagnetic waves from vibration load - the
electrical charge in the atom or particle.
Examples of light waves, X-rays, radio
waves, micro-waves.
10. 1.1 Transverse waves
Transverse wave is a wave vibration direction
perpendicular to the direction propagation. A
transverse wave consists of one peak and one
trough.
For example : water surface waves, rope waves.
11. 1.2 Longitudinal waves
Longitudinal wave is a wave vibration direction parallel to
the direction propagation. A longitudinal wave consists
of a single dense and strain.
For example : sound wave and waves on the spring.
12. Common Characteristics of Waves
1. Reflection
Reflection is the event of return of all or part
of a particle or a wave file when the file was
to meet with the boundary between the two
mediums.
13. Common Characteristics of Waves
2. Refraction
Refraction is changes the direction of the wave
when the waves enter into a new medium that
resulted in a wave moving at a different pace.
This effect is a consequence of the wave
equation, v = ƒ . Since ƒ is constant, a decrease in
v produces a decrease in .
14. Common Characteristics of Waves
3. Diffraction
Diffraction is the spreading or bending of a wave
incident at the time of the wave is passing through
openings or around the tip of the barrier.
The wavelength of the wave is not changed in
diffraction
15. Common Characteristics of Waves
4. Interference
The interaction between two or more wave motion
that affects a part of the same medium so that the
momentary interruption in the alloy is the sum of the
wave vector of disturbances at each moment is an
explanation of the phenomenon of wave
interference.
16. Common Characteristics of Waves
5. Dispersion
Dispersion is the incident light beam that the
decomposition of a mixture of several
wavelengths into its components due to
refraction.
17. Common Characteristics of Waves
6. Polarization
Polarization is a process of restriction vector
vibrations that form a transverse wave so that it
becomes one-way.