The document discusses planning a commercial space for a furniture showroom. It examines different retail design principles and considerations for the project brief. Six basic retail plans are analyzed and the straight plan is selected for the furniture showroom. Details of the planned space include areas for sofas, beds, wardrobes, cashiers, and customer interaction. Dimensions and quantities are provided for different product display sections in a floor plan layout.
AMBER GRAIN EMBROIDERY | Growing folklore elements | Barbara Rakovska
Vartika khandelwal m.sc.i.d. commercial portfolio
1. 3D Industrial Design
Commercial Design
Aesthetic Sense Space Planner
Creativity
Visual Merchandising
2D Drawings
Retail Design Office Design
Perspective View
Human Efficiency Industrial Kitchen
Futuristic
Purpose Of Design
Brain Storming Requirements
Clientele
Accessories
Idea Generation
Orientation
Green Building
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
2. Project Report on
Commercial Space Planning
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College Towards
The Partial Fulfillment of the
Master’s Of Science in Interior Designing
By
Vartika Khandelwal
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel:0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2013-2014
3. Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:0145-2624679
Fax : +91 145 2624679
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
This Project Report of Ms./Mr. Of Fashion/Interior Design
Has Been Graded As
Thanking You
Principal
(Seal & Signature)
4. Acknowledgment
The Project “Commercial Space Planning” has enlighten me about various
aspects of planning a commercial space.
I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E’cole College and to my Mentors who
gave me the opportunity to know about the various aspects of Commercial
Space Planning and helped me in preparing the project.
Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of
him I was able to submit my project on time.
Vartika Khandelwal
5. My College Profile
Today Dezyne E’Cole has emerged as a leader with the ability to integrate
knowledge, academic freedom, critical independence and creative thinking. A
history of being in existence for 5 years in Ajmer stands as a testimony to our
fundamentals where academic excellence lies at the core. The college has
stood as a beacon of serious critical engagement, a key enabler in developing
competent professionals in the field of design, management and information
technology. Dezyne E’cole started in the year 2008 with only four rooms and
with a strength of 10 students enrolled in the fashion and interior design
Diploma Programme. In the year 2009 the school was granted Bachelor and
Master’s Degree in Fashion and Interior Design by the Punjab Technical
University.
Further the college was given the authority by the government of Rajasthan in
the year 2010 to use the word College and since then Dezyne E’cole College
became the name. In the year 2011 college expanded further and was
declared a regular college with the granting of authority by the university of
Ajmer. This led to the expansion of college and addition of two more courses
with Dezyne E’cole, the Department of Administration(BBA), and Information
Technology leading to award of Bachelors Degree in Computer Application
was added. From then until now, Dezyne E’cole has scaled high academic
standards. The faculty resource of the college has grown into a community of
leading practitioners, education enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, creative thinkers,
researchers and analysts. Invigorating through leadership, research stimulus,
industry focus, creative enterprise and peer learning have reinforced the
colleges academic bedrock. Fostering a new generation of creative thinkers,
today the college is empowered to award Degrees in Undergraduate,
Postgraduate studies in the field of Fashion, Interior, Management and
Information Technology. Articulating the ideology of world class learning
practices, the college has been committed to academic excellence in
education. The vision of the college embraces challenges and provides the
impetus in setting highest academic standards, Dezyne E’cole continues to
strive to be nothing but the best.
6. Content
1. Introduction.
2. Commercial space.
3. The work of Interior Designer.
4. Projects :
Retail Design
Office Design
Hospitality Design
Restaurant Design
5. My assignments
6. Bibliography.
7. Introduction
In the past, Interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of
building. The profession of Interior design has been a consequence of the
development of the society and the complex architecture that has resulted
from the development of industrial processes.
Our interact with commercial interiors every day, stopping at a fast food
restaurant for a quick lunch or studying for a test at the library.
Designing commercial interiors involves designing the interior of any facility
that serves business purposes. Facilities that fall under the category of
commercial interior design include business that invite the public in. other
restrict public access but are business enterprises such as corporate offices or
manufacturing facilities. Commercial interiors are also part of publicly owned
facilities they are:
Commercial Interior Design
A commercial Interior can be purely functional, such as the offices of a major
corporation or a small town travel agency.
It was said that commercial design began when the first trade and food stalls
opened somewhere in the Mesopotamia or another ancient country. Certainly
buildings that housed many commercial transactions or that would be
considered commercial facilities today have existed since early human history.
In the 20th
century reinforced concrete modular construction technologies and
numerous other advance in building industry changed the appearance of
commercial facilities.
Corporate and Executive
offices
Retail/Merchandising
Facilities
Healthcare
Facilities
Hospitality and
Entertainment
Facilities
Industrial
Facilities
Transportation
Facilities
8. The early commercial buildings of architects Frank Lloyd Wright, Bauhaus
architects such as Walter Gropius and international style architects Le
Corbusier, to name just a few, advance commercial architecture and interior
design with contemporary aesthetics. New products such as bent tubular steel
for furniture designed by Mies ven der rohe.
The design of a commercial interior begins with and understanding of the
business, which refers to understanding the goals and a purpose of a
business. Infact it is important to understand the business specially even
before seeking projects in that specialty.
The type of Facility is also considered as a important point in commercial
design. Space planning, Furniture specification, Materials that can be used,
codes that must be adhered to, and the functions and goals of the business
are just some of the many factors that influence the interior design based on
the type of facility. Location is another issue.
9. Commercial Space
“A place where buying and selling taking place and the retailer get profit from
the consumer”.
A commercial space, includes offices, Retail stores, Restaurants and other
public places. For the better sale in commercial space we should focus on
visual merchandising or window display.
“Visual Merchandising is an area where we focus how we attract the
customer’s to come in the shop or space.”
For the successful commercial zone we should focus on the better design.
There are many profits of commercial design. If we say about he case of
Retail shops, people love to look window-shop and buy. Today shopping as
an experience should provide fun, which is turn provides profits. If the retail
spaces are well designed it attract the customers and persuading them to
spend more time there. It is a place where mainly focus on the needs and
satisfactions of the consumer/customer or a person.
10. The work of Interior Designer
Today people are taking the shopping as an Experience. So for increasing the
area of profit the better commercial spaces are needed. For that the designers
are focusing on the Visual merchandising, or window display and the Impulse
buying. The designer design the exterior and interior of the space because the
exterior gives identification, encompasses the store front, show window and
displays and the interior’s where the promise of the storefront display is
delivered.
An commercial designer defining the scope such as detailed drawings,
plannings, specifications, and refines the concept. An designer mainly
focusing on merchandising because a successful retail or commercial space is
an efficient selling machine or sales factory. Merchandising and space must
be organized to help the customer in making a selection and to help the sales
person in selling.
“Easy circulation and exposing the customer to the maximum amount of
merchandise the part of good design.”
11. The Design Process
Design thinking is a mind process. In which the mind of the designer or human
being understand the problems which are affect the life cycle of the human
being. The “Seven style of Design thinking or Design Process should follow by
the designers before start the project.
Design thinking consultancy innovates primarily by endowing products,
services or relationships with new meanings.
The following are the seven style of Design Thinking:
Reflective
Intentional
Explorative
Analytical
Categoric
Synthetic
Test
Evaluate
Reflect
Sense
Goals
Vision
Search
Find
Understand
Model
Structure
Meaning
Arrange
Order
Compose
Feel
Judge
Decide
Make
Share
Show DESIGN
THINKING
13. Introduction
“Retail is the sale of goods and services from the retailer to the consumer.”
As we say people love to look, window-shop, and buy shopping as an
experience should provide fun, which in turn provides profits. A successful
store or shop is one that is designed to merchandise in addition to looking
good. A store can be divided into two principal parts: the exterior, which gives
identification, encompasses the storefront, show windows, and displays, and
the interior, where the promise of the storefront display is delivered.
The storefront and the design of the façade must be attractive in order to
catch the shopper’s attention and to draw the customers in from the street or
from the mall in shopping centers. Graphic identification, with bold colour,
lighting, lettering, and logos and attractive display of merchandise are the
initial steps.
The “show window” displays are set up in a large vestibule, perhaps elevated
or on portable platforms, and become part of the interior. The open or no front
generally promotes more impulse buying; department stores will often make
their entrances and extension of the mall so that the shopper will be easily
enticed into the store. When doors are used, either on the street or on the
mall, they should be well marked and easy to find.
Entrance of the should be easy, related to interior traffic flow and layout, and
should be accessible to vertical transportation, if any.
We should divide the Retail in the following:
RETAIL
Food GroceryApparel
s
White Goods Accessories
Male/Female
/Child
Local Brand Local Brand
Spencer Nilgiri V Mart
Geetanjali
(Which are helps
for living like
Refrigerator,
Washing Machine)
Titan Tanishq
14. Principles of Retail Design
In order to design satisfactory shops, the first requirement is an understanding
of those portions of current merchandising theories which affect the design
problem. Briefly, “Merchandising psychology” consists of, first, arousing
interest; second, satisfying it.
The actual sales involves factors of convenience which are desirable in order
to make buying easy, to satisfy customers completely, and to achieve
economy of space and time for the store management.
There are more detailed listing of steps in the merchandising process, as they
affect shop design, follows:
PRINCIPLES
Attracting
Customers
This can be
accomplished by
means of
Advertising,
prices, show-
window displays.
Of these
storefronts and
display windows
are important to
the store
designer.
Inducing
Entrance
Show windows, in
addition to
attracting
passerby, should
induce them to
enter the store.
Show windows,
interior layout of
the shop should
induce the flow of
the customer to
the store.
Organizing store
spaces, and
consequently the
merchandise to be
sold, into
departments,
enables
customers to find
objects easily, and
permits
storekeepers to
keep close check
on profits or
losses from
various types of
goods.
Organizing
store spaces
Interior displays of
staple goods and
the other
accessories will be
attract the
customers to get
inn the shop. By it
they get
satisfaction or
relaxation may be
its mental, physical
or both.
Interior
Displays
Conveniences like
telephone booths,
drinking fountains,
lavatories or
powder rooms
intended primarily
for the customers
benefit. Depends
on the location,
locality and the
type of shop.
Conveniences
15. Retail Design Planning Project
During My Commercial Diploma the project is to design a store for one of the
country’s leading furniture and interior finishes Showroom. The space has to reflect
the brand positioning, the range of products and brand image. The space has to be
given due justice to the various sub categories of products, the space and the décor
has to be modular and the space should have the ability to transform, move around
and be utilized as per the product need.
Retail design is an ever evolving field that has to be able to relate to the end user.
The end user comes from various states of the society and the store should be
welcoming to all.
DESIGN BRIEF: The 2,109 sq.mts. floor space is located on the ground floor
of a premium Mall in the upcoming suburbs of Pune. The façade and the store
frontage are of prime importance to the client.
The buildings is on a corner plot surrounded by two roads on the north and
east side. The views from these two sides of the road are other office
buildings on the north and east side. This is just for your knowledge, the store
is inside the mall and has no external view.
Plan of the Showroom
16. From the case study I collected the Requirements and Non requirements of
the client which are as follows :
Cashiers & Help Desk station
Customer Interaction area
Sofa set display 3/2/1
Display of 2 to 3 bedroom sets
Display of 25 sofas(should comprise
the varied range that durian offers)
Wardrobes(free hand in deciding)
Collection series
Requirements Non-Requirements
Toilet Facilities
17. Planning: After studied the design brief, requirements & site conditions I
studied the 6 basic plans for the planning layout of the showroom. The 6 plans
are :
This is the kind of plan is very
functional and backup
merchandise. It is good for
jewellery, hardware shoes and
mans shirt and other areas.
Straight Plan Pathway Plan
Diagonal Plan
Varied Plan
Curved Plan
Geometric Plan
Straight Plan uses walls &
projection to create smaller spaces
& it is economical. It goes to
Bookstore, Gift shop, Grocery,
Drug, apparel, Departmental store.
This plan pulls the consumer
through the store to the rear
without interruption by floor fixture.
The merits of this layout are that
the path can take any shape.
Diagonal pattern permits angular
traffic flow and creates parameter
design interests and excitement in
movement. This kind of plan invite
movement and circulation.
Geometrical Plan
The designer creates forms with
shapes in this kind of plan. This
plan is more better out of all the
plans. And they can use the wall
angles for better shapes.
The Curved plan is very soft and
more inviting as the angular areas
are softened. These are very good
for boutiques, salons or other high
quality store.
20. Office Designing
INTRODUCTION: The amount of office space built during the few decades
can be measured in the hundreds of billions of square feet. Within these
buildings, workers spend nearly half their waking hours and a third of their
entire lives.
Over the life span of a typical office building, the same spaces may be
occupied by a succession of different tenants, each with their own
programmatic requirements. Consequently interior spaces may be recycled
and redesigned many times, simply to accommodate the changing needs of
new corporate users. In many instances redesign may be necessitated solely
by the effect of technological change on the methodology of transacting
business. Moreover the escalating costs of land acquisition and construction
and the increasing scarcity of urban building sites make it essential that the
redesign reflects an efficient, cost effective utilization of spaces, as well as
one that is responsive to the human factors involved. It is necessary therefore,
for the designer to be familiar not only with the general planning criteria
associated with office design, but with the architectural detailing of some of
the typical interior elements contained within these spaces.
Accordingly the section includes general planning criteria and examples of
actual working drawings of typical interior conditions, prepared by various
design professionals. The details alluded to include such items as trading
desks, elevated computer floors, library furniture, built-in storage cabinets,
work counters, wall paneling, vanities, reception desks, and conference room
elements. Also included are illustrations and dimensional data pertaining to
typical office furniture, equipment and electronic media storage.
21. Core Location
.
Interior Exterior
Central Off-CentreSplit
The Primary Advantage of
an exterior core
arrangement is that it
leaves the entire floor area
of the building available for
tenant use. With this type of
arrangement, maximum
flexibility is achieved with
respect to tenant
distribution, office depth
and layout. Since the core
creates a “dead wall” or
portion thereof, it may be
used as a buffer between
the building and an
adjoining property which
may have objectionable
characteristics.
Central: This location allows all window
space to be utilized as rental office space
and depending upon the configuration of the
building plan will permit offices of varying
depths to receive natural light. Provides
good flexibility and a floor plan which is free
from columns.
Problems: Central office location limits the
depth of offices in the midzone of each floor,
thus affecting element of flexibility in office
layout.
Off Center: It presents more flexibility in
maximum depth and arrangement of spaces.
This can be desirable where secretarial or
clerical pools are required. It is also affords
to developing the small secluded spaces.
Problems: It is less convenient to the far
sides and corners of the building. This
location may also lessen flexibility of tenant
distribution.
22. General Design Principles
1.
2.
Work Flow
Development
of a layout
which Is most
important for
the phase of
space
planning.
Operations,
procedure,
processes involved
in individual or
groups, by
providing work
station patterns
which ensure a
smooth, straight
line flow.
The Best work
flow is to
translate them
into the best
space layout
possible with in
the limitations
imposed by
building
characteristics,
fiscal allotments,
etc.
Straight
Line
The office which
is well planned,
paper goes from
one desk to
another with the
least amount of
handling,
travelling and
delay.
Work should
progress in a
series of straight
lines with a
general forward
movement,
avoiding criss-
cross motions and
backward flow.
Layout is being
developed, the
flow pattern can
be traced from
desk to desk.
23. WORK STATIONS : All work stations, whether in a private office or in open
space, are reduced to units of furniture and equipment. The basic units of
work stations are desks, and therefore they require the most consideration.
The following General rules are applicable in positioning desks :
Desks should face the same direction unless there is a compelling
functional reason to do otherwise. The use of this technique provides for
straight work flow patterns, facilitates communications, and creates a
neat and attractive appearance.
In open areas, consideration should be given to placing desks in rows of
two. This method will permit the use of bank type partitions as a divider
for those activities which require visual privacy while still obtaining
maximum utilization.
Desks should be spaced at a distance of 6 feet from the front of a desk
to desk behind it. This distance should be increased to 7 feet when
desks are in rows of two, ingress and egress is confined to one side of
the aisle, or in instances where more than two desks side by side
cannot be avoided.
In private offices the desk should be positioned to afford the occupant a
view of the door.
In open work areas the supervisor should be located adjacent to the
receptionist or secretary, access to supervisory work stations should not
be through the work area.
Desk employees having considerable visitor contact should be located
near the office entrance. Conversely, desks of employees doing
classified work should be away from entrances.
24. WORK STATION: The basic workstation is the fundamental building block in
understanding the anthropometric considerations for the planning and design
of the General office. The work task zone must be large enough to
accommodate the paperwork, equipment, and other accessories that support
the user’s function. The work/activity is established by the space requirements
needed for use of the typical return. In no case should this distance be less
than 30 inches needed to provide adequate space for the chair clearance
zone. The visitor seating zone, ranging is depth form 30 to 42 inches, requires
the designer to accommodate both buttock-knee and buttock-toe length body
dimensions of the larger user. If an overhang is provided or the desk’s
modesty panel is recessed, the visitor seating zone can be reduced due to the
additional knee and toe clearances provided. The specific type and size of the
seating (i.e., if swivels or if it has casters) also influence these dimensions.
STORAGE SPACE: Office space should not be used for bulk storage. Only
working inventories of office supplies and other materials should be
maintained in offices, preferably in standard supply cabinets. Secondary
space, such as basement areas, should be used to locate supply operations.
Chair Clearance
Zone
Line of wall or
Obstruction
Line of
Modesty
Panel
Possible
Overhang
Work/Activity
Zone
Worktask
Zone
Visitor Seating
Zone
Workstation Zone
Basic workstation with visitor seating (Plan)
25. The following factors affect good office layout in open space:
“Open Office Space” refers to an open area occupied by a number of
employees, supervisors, furnishings, equipment, and circulation area.
Large open areas permit flexibility and effective utilization, aid office
communications, provide better light and ventilation, reduce space
requirements, make possible better flow of work, simplify supervision,
and eliminate partition costs. In many cases, however, open-space
housing for more than 50 persons should be subdivided either by use of
file cabinets, shelving, railing or low bank type partitions.
The space allocated to open-area work stations is based on the
furniture and equipment necessary to perform the work assigned as well
as on circulation area. The space assigned to any specific work station
may be increased due to special furniture and equipment requirements
associated with the particular position.
Open Office
Closed Office
Flexible Office
Private Office
Semi-private office
26. PRIVATE OFFICE: The private office is the most controversial problem facing
the space planner. The assignment of private offices and the type of
partitioning to be used are issues to be settled by top management acting on
the advice and recommendations of the space planner. Private offices should
be assigned primarily for functional reasons, i.e. nature of work. Visitor traffic,
or for security reasons.
The following are some of the factors requiring consideration for private
offices:
The necessity for a private office cannot be directly related to the
classification grade of the employee.
Supervisors who are working with their employees, rather than planning
for them. The supervisor may be separated from the balance of his
section by a distance of several feet which permits a degree of privacy.
A frequent justification for a private office is to impress visiting
representatives of industry, and the general public, with the importance
of dignity of the official being contacted.
Private offices be a minimum of 100 sq. feet and a maximum of 300 sq.
feet each in size, depending upon the requirements of the occupant.
SEMIPRIVATE OFFICES: The semiprivate offices is a room, ranging in size
from 150 to 400 square feet, occupied by two or more individuals. These
offices can be enclosed by two or more individuals. These offices can be
enclosed by ceiling-high, three-quarter high, bank type partitions. Because of
the loss of flexibility introduced by the use of the partitions required to enclose
these offices, the same rigid review given private offices should be employed.
Generally, the need to house members of a work team or other groups of
employee assigned to a common task is an acceptable justification for
semiprivate accommodations.
CIRCULATION: This is the area required to conveniently permit ingress and
egress to work stations. The size of aisle should be governed by the amount
of traffic it bears. The following standards will be applied in space planning
surveys:
Aisles leading to main exits from areas which carry substantial traffic
should be 60 inches wide.
Aisles which carry a moderate amount of traffic should be 48 inches
wide.
Aisles between rows of desks should be approximately 36 inches wide.
27. CONFERENCE REQUIREMENTS:
Conferences, meetings and assemblies are an important part of office
operations.
No established standard suggesting the number of conference rooms
based on the number of people, the needs will vary widely among
companies or agency components, depending largely on the nature of
their work, whenever possible, the establishment of conference room
should be based on need established from past records and
experience, rather than on anticipated needs.
Conferences are best conducted in space designed for that purpose.
Conference space should not be provided in private offices.
In lieu of large offices, it is desirable to provide a conference room
adjoining the office of a top executive who holds a large number of
conferences and nearby conference rooms for employees with more
limited requirements.
The conference room should be centrally located to the users.
Interior space, which is not the most desirable for office purposes, is
well suited for conference use. This location eliminates outside
distraction and the need for window coverings during visual
presentations.
Access to conference rooms should be through corridors or through
reception areas.
Conference rooms should be designed to accommodate average but
not maximum attendance.
28. RECEPTION AREA: Visitors receive their first impression of an organization
from the décor and layout of the reception area. It should be attractive, neat,
businesslike, and adequate to accommodate normal visitor traffic.
An allowance of 10 square feet for each visitor to be served may be used for
space allocation. size, décor and equipment will depend largely on the type
and volume of visitor traffic; thus special planning will be required to meet
specific needs. The receptionist should be placed so as to command a clear
view of those entering and be easily accessible to visitors.
GENERAL OFFICE AREAS: General office areas are the spaces that
accommodate workstations. There are three basic approaches to planning
general office areas: closed plan, open plan, and modified open plan.
PLANNING APPROCHES: The primary considerations in identifying the most
appropriate approach to planning general office areas:
Amount of planning flexibility required
Amount of visual and acoustical privacy required for personnel
Initial and life-cycle construction and furniture costs
In a closed plan full height walls or partitions divide the space into offices and
support space by floor-to-ceiling partitions with doors. Private offices typically
are located along the window wall. Administrative support is housed in
workstations along corridors or in shared rooms.
It is not unusual to have two or more persons share an enclosed office space,
both circulation and clearance become critically important. Door swings, the
extension of file drawers and points of entry must all be carefully considered.
PLANNING: Office layout is often based upon a module derived from standard
furniture and equipment and the necessary clearances. For large general
offices, the planning unit or module is based upon one desk and chair and is
thus about 5 by 6 feet.
In the layout of private offices the controlling factors are the minimum practical
office layout with the wall and window design. A planning module of 4 to 5 feet
works reasonably well for this purpose.
If the exterior wall consists of continuous windows, one module in width, then
the office widths are disadvantages include:
There is, inevitably, some loss of aural and visual privacy.
The plan is not feasible in buildings with narrow wings or many
obstructions.
29. Orientation for visitors may be more difficult than in the conventional
plan.
More conference space may be necessary than for the conventional
plan.
Most office plans represent a compromise between the two basic concepts.
This usually requires that part of the management staff be assigned to open
locations.
OFFICE PLANNING MODULE:
The space allocations in the facilities program are usually based on a
consistent space module.
The module is derived from analysis of needs, compatibility with
manufacturers’ standards, and an existing module if a headquarters
building is being expanded.
The modular approach is most applicable to offices, so the office
module will control the planning of the building.
The advantage of modular planning is the flexibility that can be attained.
The 5 foot by 5 foot office-planning module is commonly used, and it is
the basis for sizing most partitions, work stations, and ceiling and
underfloor systems.
A 5 foot by 5 foot grid, using a consistent depth of 15 feet for the larger
offices, affords a good range of sized and requires minimum perimeter
for average size spaces.
It is usually necessary to depart from the module at corridors and core
spaces in which case a “half module” should be based.
Staying on the module is most important for spaces with full height
partitions.
Working positions in regular office areas should be planned in general
conformance with the grid, but some latitude is possible in a flexible
underfloor plan.
30. The planning module and the exterior wall module must be reconciled
with the structural module or column bay.
If these modules coincide, then the wall or window units adjacent to the
column must be smaller than the intermediate units.
Column spacing most frequently used in multistory steel-framed office
buildings is around 25 feet, center to center.
Flexibility of interior space is so important in the office building design
that that the extra cost of clear span framing with the elimination of all
interior columns is sometimes considered worthwhile; clear spans of 60
to 70 feet have been used.
Efficiency of office building design is measured by the ratio of rentable
space to total space. Average efficiency is about 70 percent, maximum
possible is about 85 percent.
The nonrentable space consists of the elevators, stairs and toilets and
their associated lobbies, corridors, pipe ad duct shafts and custodian’s
closets.
Elevator lobbies should be 6 to 9 feet wide if elevators are on one side
only; 10 to 12 feet if elevators are both sides. Corridors are usually 5 to
6 feet wide if very long, narrower if very short.
31. 3 Windows 12’-15’
2 Windows 8’-10’
Maximum12-15’
Planning module for layout of general
office space
5 Windows 20’-25’
4 Windows 16’-20’
Private office widths suing a module
of 4to5 feet with continuous windows
Maximum20’-25’
Minimum 8’ Minimum 12-15’
(One window office) Private office
widths using a module of 4 to 5 feet
(Two window office) Private office
widths using a module of 4 to 5 feet
Relation of planning module and wall
module to column spacing and
32. OPEN-OFFICE LANDSCAPING
The principal feature of open-office landscaping is space that is free, or
almost free, of conventional walls, corridors, private offices, and
straight-line passageways between rows of desks and office equipment.
The available space is divided into “clusters” or work centers, and
individual workstations are delineated by high, medium and low screens
and cabinets, plants, bookshelves, modular furniture, and fixtures
designed to suppress noise and promote working efficiency.
In the typical landscape office, eye appear (pattern how it Is seen) but
such other environmental considerations as lighting, acoustics, air
conditioning, noise abatement, functionally designed furniture, and the
use of color and decorations such as plants, statues, and other artwork
are incorporated in OOL designs.
OOL ELEMENTS
A principal feature of OOL is entirely open office space, free of
conventional walls and corridors.
Workstations completely movable elements such as desks, chairs, free
standing screens, shelving, files and foliage usually without relocation of
fixed installations such as light fixtures, heating and air conditioning
outlets, partitions, or floor covering.
Each individual grouping of workstations is arranged without regard for
windows or other conventional constraints, in non-uniform fashion,
usually dictated by natural lines of information flow and one-to-one
personal communication.
The original OOL plan has been somewhat modified so that higher-
echelon executives may have walled-in offices to provide a greater
degree of privacy for confidential conferences and concentration and as
recognition of their higher organizational status.
The status of workers in OOL, as compared with executives, is
determined more by their work assignments than by their locations.
33. The most significant characteristic of the OOL plan is that it provides
flexibility for layouts that shift as work assignments shift.
The amount of usable space, expressed as a percentage of the
available space, is greater than the conventional grid layout usual rows
of desks, files, etc.
OFFICE LAYOUT BY FUNCTION
The office operation is like a large machine which needs to have all its parts
synchronized and moving smoothly.
The office machine’s source of power is information, and it is the purpose of
good office layout design to permit this information to flow smoothly, avoiding
unnecessary turns and traps.
There is certainly no one office layout that will fill all companies, any more
than there is an all-purpose machine, but there are some reasonably good
principles of layout by function that could be applied to any office situation.
SIX BASIC OFFICE FUNTIONS
1. Management
2. Finance
3. Sales
4. General services
5. Technical services
6. Production
FIVE GUIDELINES FOR SPACE ALLOWANCES
Good space utilization does not necessarily mean allocating the least possible
working space per person. On the contrary, too little working space may
reduce the worker’s efficiency and waste many times the savings made by
any reduction in the square foot rental costs.
There is no accurate scale of allowances which will make layout planning
automatic. Here, however, are some guidelines that have been established
from a large number of surveys made of offices, both commercial and
governmental.
34. The types of space required in the typical office fall into five categories:
1. Office space
2. File space
3. Special equipment
4. Storage space
5. Special rooms
35. Ad Agency Herarchy Chart
Board of Directors
Managing Director
Client Service
Director
Servicing Group
Media
Research
Finance/Accounts Branches Secretarial/Legal
personal
Creative Director
Creative Group
Audio visual
Language
Studio
Production
Strategy Review Board
Executive Creative Direction
Associate Creative Director
Creative Group
Copy Supervisor Traffic Art Supervisor
54. Restaurant Designing
INTRODUCTION: Restaurant is the place where people come for enjoy and
entertain themselves. It is the place where people paid money for the food and
the good services.
The basic components of any restaurant interior are the chair and the table.
Depending upon restaurant type, menu, service, table setting, furniture
selection, and degree of intimacy required, table size and overall chair space
requirements can, and should, very greatly. A restaurant that encourages
rapid turnovers of customers will normally provide similar table top and chair
sizes. On the other hand those restaurant that encourage limited turnover and
emphasize the winning and dining experiences will typically provide lager
table top sizes and comfortable chairs.
SPACE REQUIREMENT:
Decisions pertaining to restaurant design are strong effected by the
funds available and the space available.
Space allowances in relation to investment should be balanced in terms
of:
Proposed permanence of the facility.
Acuteness of need for the specific operation.
Essentials for operating efficiency.
Desirable standards in terms of appearance, sanitation,
and good quality of production and service.
Immediate and future costs, depreciation, upkeep, and
maintenance.
Requirements will vary for facilities of a given type & volume
Amount and size of equipment to be used.
Number of workers required.
Space for needed supplies.
Suitable traffic area.
55. Dishwashing
Delivery
yard
and receiving
area
Employee
facilities
Linen and
paper
storage
Common
storage
Refrigerator
and frozen
storage
Vegetable
preparation
Cleaning
suppliers
Time
Recorder
Serving
area
Dining
rooms
and
caterin
g
Meet
prepara-
tion
Cook’s
unit
Bake
shop
Fountain
Service
Employee
dining
Manager’s
office
Guest
facilities
Salad
and
sandwitc
h unit
Ventilated
storage
Short
order
Pot and
pan
storage
Garbage
Pick up
Can and truck
washing
Janitor
closet
Flow chart showing functional relationships
56. Dining Area
SPACE REQUIREMENT:
Space of dining area is usually based on the number of square feet per
person seated times the number of persons seated at one time.
DINING AREA SPACE DIMENSIONS
NUMBER OF PERSONS ALLOWNACE:
The number of persons to be seated at one time is the second point of
information needed for calculation of the dining room size. The total number of
times a seats required at one time, multiplied by the space required for each
seat, will give the total number of square feet needed in the dining area. The
number of times a seat is occupied during a given period is commonly referred
to as “Turnover”.
The patron’s size
and the type and
quality of service
should be
considered.
Small children
may require 8
square feet and
adult 12 square
feet for comfort.
Service stations
are estimated for
every 20 seats
and for large
50to 60 places.
Small substations
for silver, napery
etc. may measure
20to24 inches. And
maximum 36to 38
inches.
Four trays 14 by 18
inches fit better on
a table 30 inches
by 48 inches than
on a table 42
inches square.
A Minimum
passage area is 18
inches between
chairs and table
should be 4 to 5
feet apart.
57. Industrial Kitchen
INTRODUCTION: A frequently used rule for allotting space for the kitchen is
that it should be one-half the area of the dining room.
MEAL PRODUCTION SAPCE DIMENSIONS
Aisle space should permit free, easy movement of essential traffic. The
minimum width for a lane between equipment where one person works
alone is 36 inches.
At least 60 inches are needed for main traffic lanes where workers
regularly pass each other with mobile equipement.
The percentage of floor area covered by equipment varies according to
production needs and the type of equipment used.
For hospital production and service areas, 20to30 square feet per bed is
required.
Elaborateness of
preparation and
service and
amount of
individual service
given in a hospital
tray.
Type of
preparation and
service and
amount of the total
production done in
the unit.
Volume in terms of
the number of meal
served and verities
of food offered in
the menu.
Seating and
service plan,
whether on one
floor or many
The width of the
table may be 24 to
30 inches unless
dishes or food
containers are to
back of the table.
A Minimum
passage area is 18
inches between
chairs and table
should be 4 to 5
feet apart.
58. There are some kitchen layouts for different commercial uses:
The above numbers are showing the area of the kitchen zone.
1
1. Water passage way
2. Dishwashing area
3. Beverage
4. Pastry area
5. Cold kitchen (preparation and serving)
6. Warm kitchen
7. ENTREME’TIER
8. Pot and pan washing
9. Vegetable preparation
10. Meet preparation zone
2
Linear Arrangement with large installation
in explanation of numbers
Linear Arrangement with large installation
in explanation of rear
59. Serving Area
INTRODUCTION: Space allowance of serving areas should be adapted to the
needs of the specific facility. The menu, organizations of work and number
served will influence size. The type of service will be influential in dictating
space needed.
SERVICE AREA SAPCE DIMENSIONS
The equation for the serving area are as follows :
Hospital service space will depend upon whether cook-serve or cook-
chill issued trays are set up in serving pantries, and modified diets are
set up in line or in a diet kitchen.
Fast food units where food moves directly from production to the
consumer require the least service space.
The average length
of counter
residence halls and
hospitals is 10 to
12 feet.
The counter length
should be
regulated by the
variety and
volume. And the
width is 14 feet.
4 feet as patron
lane space, 1 feet
tray slide 2’6”
counter width for
44 workers.
School, and
lunchrooms
counter width
should be 30 feet.
Plastic measuring
9 by 12 inches,
compartmented,
and of pastel
colors are popular.
The number of
food court stations
and cashiers is
determined by the
number of seats.
R=N/T
R= rate of people leaving serving area
N= number of seats in dining area, and
T= average eating time
60. Receiving and Storage Areas
INTRODUCTION: Space allocation for receiving and storage must be based
on specific needs. The volume and type of items received and stored should
be considered.
The space requirement in square feet for food storage for 30 days has
been calculated by some as approximately half the total served.
COMMON STORAGE:
The volume of canned food needed to serve 100 persons three meals
daily for one month is estimated at approximately 45 cases of 6/10’s or
equivalent.
The maximum stack height will be 8 or 9 cases or approximately 72
inches.
Condiment bottles, cereal packages, and canned good differ in package
sizes and in stacking quality.
The depth of shelf should accommodate either the width of length of the
case, and the interspace should be adequate for the number to be
stacked one on top of another.
Allow 1-1/2 to 2 inches as free space for ease of positioning.
REFRIGERATED AND LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE:
There are many factors affecting space needs for refrigerated and low
temperature foods.
Allocation in preliminary as follows :
20 to 35 % for meat
30 to 35 % for fruits and vegetables
10 to 25 % for frozen foods
5 to 10 % for carry-over foods, salads etc.
A requirement of 15 to 20 cubic feet of refrigeration per 100 plate meals
has also been used.
A walk-in-refrigerator becomes feasible for an operation serving over
200 meals per day.
A walk-in 5 to 6 feet wide does not permit storage on both sides with
adequate aisle space.
61. Sanitary Areas
DISWASHING AREA:
The space required for the dishwashing operation depends on the
methods and equipment used.
The dimensions may be only 30 to 36 inches for a single tank machine,
60 to 72 inches for sinks or 7 to over 30 feet for a flight-type machine.
For rack machines, it is usually recommended that the clean dish area
occupy 66% of the total table space and the solid dish area, 40percent.
POT AND PAN SECTION:
Provide a soiled utensil collection area adequate for the largest volume
that normally arrives in the section at one time.
The turnover is determined by estimating the average time a seat is
occupied for the time period desired.
Turnover rates are affected by the method of serving and serving time
as well as by the type of customer, menu offerings, and the dining
atmosphere.
Turnover rates can be increased to some extent by many design and
operational factors.
65. Signages and Graphics
Signage’s and Graphics designs, as symbols, emblems, or words, used
especially for identification or as a means of giving directions or warning.
SIGNAGES SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
Initial consideration should be directed toward determining the basic
parameters required in developing the sign system. They are:
79. Bibliography
While working on the Commercial Design project I have studies various
famous architects theories and designs like Joseph De Chiara and also study
of various books like:
Joseph De Chiara (Time saver standards)
www.google.com
Primary elements- D.K. Chien