2. PRESENTED BY
VINYA P
ROLL NO:33
MATHEMATICS

3. WASTE
Waste is any substance which is
discarded after primary use or it
is worthless,defective & of no use

4. Types of wastes
Liquid type Solid type
Solid waste predominantly is any
garbage,refuse or rubbish that
we make in our homes & other
places.They mayinclude
any waste that is non-liquid .
Eg:
old car tires,old news papers,
broken furniture and even food
wastes etc...
Waste can come in non solid
form.Some solid waste can
also be converted to a liquid
waste form for disposal
It includes point source
and non point source discharges
such as storm water and waste
water.
Eg : waste water from
homes,liquids used for
cleaning in industries,
& waste detergents.

5. Liquid & solid waste types can also be grouped in to :
1) Organic
2)Recyclable
3)Hazardous type

6. Organic type:
Organic waste comes from plants or animals
sources.commonly they include food waste,fruit
& vegetable peels,flower trimmings & even dog
poop can be classified as organic waste.
They are biodegradable.
 Some people turn their organic waste in to
compost & use them in their gardens.
Recyclable type
It is processing waste in to new useful
products.Waste that can be potentially
recycled termed as recyclable waste.
Eg:
Aluminium products,plastics,paper
products etc...

7. HAZARDOUS TYPE
Hazardous or harmful waste are those that
potentially threaten public health Or environment.

8. LIST OF WASTES
Waste comes in many different forms
and they are;
 Agricultural waste
 Animal by-products
 Biomedical waste
 Bulky waste
 Business waste
 Chemical waste
 Clinical waste
 Commercial waste
 construction&demolition waste
 Domestic waste
 Electronic waste(e-waste)

9.  Food waste
 sewage
 Industrial waste
 Kitchen waste
 Inorganic waste
 Organic waste
 Mineral waste
 Nuclear waste
 Municipal solid waste
 Packaging waste
 Radio active waste
 Ship disposal
 Plastics etc...

10. HOW TO PROTECT OUR EARTH ?
 Avoid using plastic products.
 Take your own bags for
shopping insteaduse paper
bags,say “NO” to shops
when they providebyou with
one, as plastics cannot be
recycled it just adds on to the
carbon content in the
environment
 Stop littering the streets.
 We of course do not litter our
own rooms, the streets are
also ours,so why dirty them?
Its not atough thing to do to
throw wastes in dustbins,the
cleaner the city is more proud
we are of it
 Join an environmentally
active group.
 There are many organisations
which promote& arrange eco-
friendly activities, be a part of
them make people aware of our
earth.or make your own clubs&
associations to do the same,its
our duty.

11. books for recycling.
 Up bottled water
Local bottled waters we made of plastics which are non biodegradable,
as in it increases waste,insted bring bottles from home, fill it & have
water.
 Seperate the waste bins into biodegradable & non-biodegradable
ones
 Insted of having one bin for all our trashes,use two so to seperate the
wastes in to eco-friendly and non eco friendly ones making it easier
for waste management.
 Hang a poster at home ,school,college and offices
 Hang simple eco-friently posters at your work places, institutions and
home remaining people of their day to day deeds.

 Write a letter to your local administrative head.
 Make a point today of writting a letter to your administrative body
about the waste related problems in your society.

12. Waste management
 Waste management refers
to the activities connected
with the collection and
disposal of wastes.
 Waste management comprises
the following activities:
1. waste collection
2. Waste transportation
3. Waste segregation
4. Waste recycling
5. Waste disposal
6. Waste minimization &control

13. The 3 R’s
 REDUCE
 RECYCLE

REUSE

14. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DUE TO WASTES
 Surface water contamination:
 Waste that end up in water
bodies negatively change the
chemical composition of the
water.technically this is called
water pollution.
 Soil contamination:
 Hazardous chemicals that
get in to the soil can harm
plants when they take up the
contamination through their
roots.if humans eat plants &
animals that have been in
contact with such polluted
soils,there can be negative
impact on their health.

15.  Pollution
 Bad waste
management practices
can result in land & air
pollution and can
cause respiratory
problems and other
adverse health effects
in our body.


16.  Incineration method of
waste management
 This simply means burning
waste. This method is common
in countries with limited landfill
space.Incineration chambers
can be small for domestic
use,but there are large ones for
municipal use as well.it is great
for treating waste with
contamination & hazardous
waste from factories etc..but the
method produces too much
 Sanitary landfills as waste disposal
 Generally, this term means a large piece
of land away from living places where all
the waste from a town is deposited.but
there is more to land fills.proper landfill
management involves sorting out all the
waste( waste separation),& senting only
the waste that cannot be recycled &
composted to the site.
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Five common ways of managing waste

17.  Compaction
 The waste is compacted or
compressed.It aso breaks up
large items of waste.
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 Pyrolysis
 Pyrolysis is defined as thermal
degradation of waste in the
absence of air to produce
char,pyrolysis oil,& syngas.
Composting
with the right conditions(air
&moisture),organic waste such as food
& plant materials can be decomposed
by bacteria, fungi,worms etc