3. • Chlorophyll is a green color pigment
in green plants and algae.
• It is a magnesium- porphyrin
complex.
• It is a square planar complex with
Mg2+ the center .
• The magnesium is at the centre of
the modified ring septeon (corrin).
• The modified porphyrin acts as the
ligand.
• It is a naturally occurring chelate
complex of Mg.
6. • Blood contains red blood corpuscles or
cells .
• About 95% of the dry weight of the red
blood cells is composed of hemoglobin ( or
haemoglobin)
• 100mL of the blood of a normal male
contains approximately 15g of
hemoglobin all of which is within the red
blood cells.
• Haemoglobin contains about 0.35% of iron
and thus there are 50mg of Fe per 100mL
blood and 2.5g of iron in the total blood
volume of 5000ml in an adult man.
7. • Haemoglobin is a conjugated protein
having molecular weight of 64,500.
• It is a tetramer in and contains four
identical units which are arranged
roughly in a tetrahedron .
• Each unit contains FOUR identical heme
groups.
• Each hemoglobin molecule has four
heme groups bound to the globin (a
protein) on its surface.
• Fe(II) in hemoglobin is in the high spin
state (Fe2+ = 3d6 =t42g e2g)
• Thus Fe (II) has four unpaired electrons
in hemeglobin molecule.
8.
9. • The structure of haemoglobin is an
octahedral complex of Fe(II).
• The centre of haemoglobin is
occupied by Fe(II) and the four
corners of the square base are
occupied by the four N- atoms of the
heme group.
• One axial position is occupied by N-
atom of histidine while the other
axial positions is occupied by the
H2O molecule.
11. • Hemoglobin is very sensitive to O2
and hence readily combines with it
• Thus when we breathe in oxygen,
hemoglobin (Hb) present in our body
combines reversibly with the oxygen
in the lungs to form oxy-hemoglobin
(HbO2 )
Haemoglobin + O2 ↔ Oxy- hemoglobin
+ H2 O
(or) Hb + O2 ↔ HbO2 + H2 O
12. • The formation of HbO2, is called oxy-
genation of hemoglobin.
• In HbO2, Fe is in +3 oxidation state.
• In the formation of HbO2, H2o molecules
present at one of the axial positions in
hemoglobin are reversibly replaced by O2
molecules.
• As the blood runs through the arteries to
the tissues, the oxygen pressure decreases
and oxygen gets bound with the
hemoglobin is set free.
13. • This free oxygen diffuses into the body cells
where it combines with glucose(food) and
oxidizes it into Carbon di oxide and water.
• Thus oxygen is used in the combustion of
food.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38 ATP
(energy)
14. • The oxidation of glucose to carbon di oxide is an
energy releasing process in which energy in the form
of ATP molecules is produced.
• This energy is utilized by the living organisms to
perform their various metabolic activities, and for
maintaining their body temperature.
• Water produced in the above reaction is retained in
the body while decomposes to give carbon di oxide
and hemoglobin.
• Carbon di oxide is exhaled out and the haemglobin
goes to the lungs for reuse.
15. • The above discussion makes it evident that
the functions of hemoglobin in our body is to
supply oxygen to various parts of the body.
• Thus hemoglobin is an oxygen – carrier.
16. • In the oxygenation of a hemoglobin molecule, a
proton, (H+ ) is also produced.
• This proton reacts with bicarbonate dissolved in
the blood to liberate carbon di oxide.
HCO-3 + H+ ↔ H2 CO3 ↔ H2O + CO2
CO2 liberated as above is exhausted out.
17.
18.
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