Origins of us govt part 3 & 4

Part 3: Trouble StartsPart 3: Trouble Starts
 Your goal: Be able toYour goal: Be able to
describe how and why thedescribe how and why the
United States became aUnited States became a
nation.nation.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
In 1754, England was at war withIn 1754, England was at war with
France in Europe and around theFrance in Europe and around the
world (The Seven Years War).world (The Seven Years War).
England had to keep the FrenchEngland had to keep the French
from taking away her Americanfrom taking away her American
colonies.colonies.
Protect
the
colonie
s.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
England and the Colonies vs. French and the IndiansEngland and the Colonies vs. French and the Indians
War
costs
money
.
England Wins!

Quick QuizQuick Quiz
 Who won the French and Indian War?Who won the French and Indian War?
 A) FranceA) France
 B) IndiaB) India
 C) Native AmericansC) Native Americans
 D) EnglandD) England

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
 (1754 – 1763) gave the(1754 – 1763) gave the
British control of theBritish control of the
eastern part of Northeastern part of North
America.America.
 The colonies no longerThe colonies no longer
needed protection fromneeded protection from
the French.the French.
 The war left the BritishThe war left the British
government in debt.government in debt.
 The colonies wereThe colonies were
expected to help repay.expected to help repay.

Stamp ActStamp Act
 Taxes on the colonists toTaxes on the colonists to
help repay this debt.help repay this debt.
 The first was theThe first was the StampStamp
ActAct – it required a tax on– it required a tax on
legal documents,legal documents,
pamphlets, newspapers,pamphlets, newspapers,
dice, and playing cards.dice, and playing cards.
 It was the first direct taxIt was the first direct tax
on the colonists.on the colonists.

The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act
 Colonists protested andColonists protested and
boycotted British goods.boycotted British goods.
 What is a boycott?What is a boycott?
 Parliament repealed theParliament repealed the
Stamp Act but replaced itStamp Act but replaced it
with other tax laws.with other tax laws.

The Intolerable ActsThe Intolerable Acts
 Parliament passedParliament passed
punitive* laws calledpunitive* laws called
the Intolerable Actsthe Intolerable Acts
by colonists.by colonists.
 The colonies began toThe colonies began to
unite in protest.unite in protest.
* Punitive: a punishment

Colonial UnrestColonial Unrest
 1765 Stamp Act (“Taxation Without1765 Stamp Act (“Taxation Without
Representation”)Representation”)
* Help pay for French and Indian War* Help pay for French and Indian War
* Tax on printed items* Tax on printed items
* Stamp Act Congress met* Stamp Act Congress met
* Act repealed after Declaration of Rights and* Act repealed after Declaration of Rights and
GrievancesGrievances
 1767 Townsend Act (Boston1767 Townsend Act (Boston
Massacre)Massacre)
* Tax on imports* Tax on imports
* Repealed after colonial uprising* Repealed after colonial uprising
Why did
they
protest?

Colonial UnrestColonial Unrest
 1773 Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)1773 Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)
* Tax on Tea* Tax on Tea
* England was trying to show who was in* England was trying to show who was in
charge.charge.
 1774 Intolerable Acts (punishment)1774 Intolerable Acts (punishment)
* Reaction of England to the colonial uprisings* Reaction of England to the colonial uprisings
* Taxes on almost everything* Taxes on almost everything
* Boston Harbor closed to punish for the “Tea* Boston Harbor closed to punish for the “Tea
Party”Party”
* Forbade local meetings* Forbade local meetings
* Quartering Act* Quartering Act
Why
did they
protest
?

Part 4: Confederation*Part 4: Confederation*
 Your goal: Be able to describeYour goal: Be able to describe
the strengths and weaknessesthe strengths and weaknesses
of the first attempts at unitingof the first attempts at uniting
the colonies.the colonies.
*Confederation: Joining several
groups for a common purpose

The Albany PlanThe Albany Plan
 June 1754: representatives met in New York.June 1754: representatives met in New York.
 Adopted the Albany plan of union drafted byAdopted the Albany plan of union drafted by
Benjamin Franklin.Benjamin Franklin.
 Each colony would elect delegates* to anEach colony would elect delegates* to an
American assembly with a royal governor.American assembly with a royal governor.
 They are still loyal to England!They are still loyal to England!
*Delegate: a representative

The Albany PlanThe Albany Plan
 Approved by representativesApproved by representatives
 Rejected by coloniesRejected by colonies
 Rejected by EnglandRejected by England
 They are still separate colonies.They are still separate colonies.

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress
 TheThe Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress metmet
in 1765 to protest the actionsin 1765 to protest the actions
of George III.of George III.
 They sent a petition to the kingThey sent a petition to the king
protesting direct taxes on theprotesting direct taxes on the
colonies.colonies.
 Declaration of Rights andDeclaration of Rights and
GrievancesGrievances
 This was the colonies’ first bigThis was the colonies’ first big
attempt to oppose the Britishattempt to oppose the British
government.government.

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress
 Parliament repealed theParliament repealed the
act, but made new lawsact, but made new laws
instead.instead.
 Parliament wanted toParliament wanted to
prove they were still inprove they were still in
charge.charge.

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress
 1774, First Continental1774, First Continental
Congress met inCongress met in
Philadelphia to discussPhiladelphia to discuss
how to deal with Britain.how to deal with Britain.
 Meeting included SamuelMeeting included Samuel
Adams and GeorgeAdams and George
WashingtonWashington
 They decided they hadThey decided they had
three options.three options.
George Washington

 Three options:Three options:
 Just accept the King’sJust accept the King’s
tighter rules and go ontighter rules and go on
 Try to work with theTry to work with the
King and find middleKing and find middle
groundground
 oror
 Declare IndependenceDeclare Independence
(not ready yet)(not ready yet)

 The decision:The decision:
 Declaration of Rights andDeclaration of Rights and
Grievances (again)Grievances (again)
 Embargo*Embargo* on Britain untilon Britain until
British policies changeBritish policies change
 King George III declaredKing George III declared
the colonies in a state ofthe colonies in a state of
rebellion.rebellion.
*Embargo: an agreement to prohibit trade
That’s
treason!

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 April 19, 1775, “theApril 19, 1775, “the
shot heard ‘round theshot heard ‘round the
world” was firedworld” was fired
beginning thebeginning the
American Revolution.American Revolution.
 British soldiersBritish soldiers
clashed withclashed with
American minutemenAmerican minutemen
at Lexington andat Lexington and
Concord.Concord.

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress
 1775, The Second Continental1775, The Second Continental
Congress took the powers ofCongress took the powers of
central government.central government.
 This became the first nationalThis became the first national
government of the 13 colonies.government of the 13 colonies.
 The colonies were no longerThe colonies were no longer
loyal to England.loyal to England.
 John Hancock was madeJohn Hancock was made
President.President.
John Hancock

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress
 The Second ContinentalThe Second Continental
Congress took action as aCongress took action as a
sovereign* nation tosovereign* nation to
 Organize an army and navyOrganize an army and navy
 Issue moneyIssue money
 Purchase suppliesPurchase supplies
 Negotiate treatiesNegotiate treaties
*Sovereign: able to make
independent decisions

Lee ResolutionLee Resolution
 July 2, 1776, RichardJuly 2, 1776, Richard
Henry Lee issued theHenry Lee issued the
Lee Resolution*Lee Resolution*
 ““that these unitedthat these united
colonies are, and ofcolonies are, and of
right ought to be, freeright ought to be, free
and independentand independent
states.”states.”
Don’t
take
notes.
Just
listen.
*Resolution: a suggested solution
to a problem
Richard Henry Lee

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
 July 4, 1776, CongressJuly 4, 1776, Congress
passes Thomaspasses Thomas
Jefferson’sJefferson’s Declaration ofDeclaration of
IndependenceIndependence ..
 The colonies declaredThe colonies declared
independence fromindependence from
England.England.

 Parts of the document:Parts of the document:
 Preamble (why)Preamble (why)
 Declaration of natural rightsDeclaration of natural rights
(political philosophy)(political philosophy)
 Grievances against GeorgeGrievances against George
III (complaints)III (complaints)
 Resolution (what are weResolution (what are we
going to do about it)going to do about it)

Preamble to thePreamble to the
 When in the course of human events, itWhen in the course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one people to dissolvebecomes necessary for one people to dissolve
the political bands which have connected themthe political bands which have connected them
with another; and to assume among the powerswith another; and to assume among the powers
of the earth, the separate and equal station toof the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s Godwhich the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions ofentitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind require that they should declare themankind require that they should declare the
causes which impel them to the separation.causes which impel them to the separation.

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 Then we fought forThen we fought for
independence.independence.
 1775-17831775-1783

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation
 TheThe Articles ofArticles of
ConfederationConfederation werewere
written and approved bywritten and approved by
the Second Continentalthe Second Continental
Congress in 1777.Congress in 1777.
 They wereThey were ratifiedratified* in* in
1781, by the 13 states.1781, by the 13 states.
*Ratified: approved
Original
States
The Thirteen

 The Articles were a plan ofThe Articles were a plan of
government to take over thegovernment to take over the
system of government set upsystem of government set up
by the Second Continentalby the Second Continental
Congress.Congress.
 ““a firm league of friendship”a firm league of friendship”
 Each state kept sovereigntyEach state kept sovereignty
and independence.and independence.
 States would come togetherStates would come together
for “common defense” (moneyfor “common defense” (money
and troops)and troops)
 States would treat citizens ofStates would treat citizens of
other states fairly.other states fairly.
*Ratified: approved

 What kind of mood doWhat kind of mood do
you think the coloniesyou think the colonies
were in?were in?
 How did that moodHow did that mood
affect the way thisaffect the way this
document was written?document was written?
 The Articles were a plan of government toThe Articles were a plan of government to
take over the system of government settake over the system of government set
up by the Second Continental Congress.up by the Second Continental Congress.

 Government structure under theGovernment structure under the
Articles of Confederation:Articles of Confederation:
 Unicameral* Congress from whichUnicameral* Congress from which
executive positions were chosenexecutive positions were chosen
 No federal court systemNo federal court system
 Congress decided on issuesCongress decided on issues
between statesbetween states
 Each state had one vote no matterEach state had one vote no matter
its size or population.its size or population.
*Unicameral: one chamber, or one house

Weakness of the ArticlesWeakness of the Articles
 Congress could not collect taxesCongress could not collect taxes
 Congress could not enforce lawsCongress could not enforce laws
 Needed 9 of 13 votes to pass lawsNeeded 9 of 13 votes to pass laws
 Amending* the Articles requiredAmending* the Articles required
consent ofconsent of allall the coloniesthe colonies
 No national court systemNo national court system
Weak Sauce ArticlesWeak Sauce Articles
*Amend: to change
100%

Wimpy ArticlesWimpy Articles
 The central governmentThe central government
waswas intentionallyintentionally weak.weak.
 Why do you think theyWhy do you think they
agreed to a weak centralagreed to a weak central
government?government?

 Government Could:Government Could:
 Borrow or request moneyBorrow or request money
from the statesfrom the states
 Declare war and peaceDeclare war and peace
 Maintain an army and navyMaintain an army and navy
 Make treaties and alliancesMake treaties and alliances
with other nationswith other nations
 Regulate affairs with NativeRegulate affairs with Native
AmericansAmericans
 Establish post officesEstablish post offices
 Decide certain disputesDecide certain disputes
among the statesamong the states
 Government Could Not:Government Could Not:
 Levy or Collect TaxesLevy or Collect Taxes
 Require states to provideRequire states to provide
money for running themoney for running the
national governmentnational government
 Regulate TradeRegulate Trade
 Force anyone to abide by theForce anyone to abide by the
lawlaw
 Amend the Articles withoutAmend the Articles without
the consent of all 13 statesthe consent of all 13 states
 Establish an executiveEstablish an executive
branchbranch
 Establish a national courtEstablish a national court

Economic Crisis of the 1780sEconomic Crisis of the 1780s
 Revolution disrupted theRevolution disrupted the
economy.economy.
 Britain stopped buyingBritain stopped buying
goods.goods.
 Revolution put the StatesRevolution put the States
into debt.into debt.
 People didn’t seePeople didn’t see
improvements theyimprovements they
expected after the war.expected after the war.
 People that loanedPeople that loaned
money during the warmoney during the war
were not being paid back.were not being paid back.

Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion
 1786, uprising led by Daniel Shays1786, uprising led by Daniel Shays
 Farmers protest against the foreclosures*Farmers protest against the foreclosures*
of farmsof farms
 SeeSee videovideo 11
andand
 SeeSee videovideo 22
*Foreclosure: taking back property
that someone has stopped making
payments on

 What was the reason for ShaysWhat was the reason for Shays
Rebellion?Rebellion?
 A) Massachusetts wanted to be its ownA) Massachusetts wanted to be its own
country.country.
 B) Daniel Shays wanted to take over theB) Daniel Shays wanted to take over the
national government.national government.
 C) Farmers had trouble growing enoughC) Farmers had trouble growing enough
food.food.
 D) The country was in an economicD) The country was in an economic
depression after the Revolutionary War.depression after the Revolutionary War.

 What did Shays’ Rebellion demonstrateWhat did Shays’ Rebellion demonstrate
about the Articles of Confederation?about the Articles of Confederation?
 A) The government could handle almostA) The government could handle almost
anything.anything.
 B) There were lots of misspellings in it.B) There were lots of misspellings in it.
 C) The Articles were weak and ineffective.C) The Articles were weak and ineffective.
 D) The farmers in the countryside did notD) The farmers in the countryside did not
know about the Articles of Confederation.know about the Articles of Confederation.

Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion
 Shays’ Rebellion was stoppedShays’ Rebellion was stopped
 But now the States recognizedBut now the States recognized
the weakness of the Articles.the weakness of the Articles.
 There was no way for theThere was no way for the
government to deal withgovernment to deal with
economic problems for theeconomic problems for the
country.country.
FAI
L
Daniel Shays
Articles of
Confederatio
n
Government
FAIL

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