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太子河河流健康评估



  汇报人:渠晓东


 中国环境科学研究院 CRAES
Lecture schedule

The theories and methods of the stream health
   assessment

河流健康评估的理念与方法;



The stream health assessment – Taizi River and Liao
   River Pilot study

河流健康评估方法-太子河实例研究
河流健康评估的理念与方法
The river health

  用 ‚健康‛一词来反映河流的状况,是一个很形象的
   比喻,容易被公众接收和认识,并能得到广泛的关注
   (Boulton, 1999)。

  对河流来讲,健康-即‚保持好的状态‛,其来源于
   人的健康,但与人的健康概念并不相同(Karr
   1999)。

  What is river health?
  ‚维持水体的物理、化学和生物的完整性-具有自身
   的组织(self-organization),具有生产力
   (productive)和抗性(resilient) (Karr and
   Chu, 1999)。
The methods for river health assessment

  传统方法使用单一化学、物理或者生物评价河流的水
  质(如我国的水质监测系统),其或多或少的反映了
  河流健康的某一部分,并取得了一定的评价结果,但
  往往很难应用于大尺度的流域管理(Norris & Thoms,
  1999)。

  利用多参数(multimetrics)或者多变量
  (multivariates)的方法开展的一系列的河流健康评价
  (Karr 1999;Norris and Hawkins, 2000)。

  基于生物完整性思想,提出评估河流的物理、化学和
  生物完整性,构建综合评价因子;强调河流生态系统
  的完整性,评价结果与社会、经济和流域管理建立联
  系,研究与管理密切联系(Bunn et al., 2010)。
综合评价法思路示意图




       Yes                     No
             指示因子是否对干扰
               具有响应




             No                     No


 yes
                         yes
太子河河流健康评估
河流的分区和分类
               DEM, A-R




相似的河流类型和河流级别
识别主要环境问题




                           生活污染

                                                  工业污染




挖沙活动
       The main disturbances in the Taizi River
开展河流监测-指示因子的筛选



                 Everyone has their own
                 ‘pet’ indicators
                 每个人都会采用自己喜欢的指示
                 方法
Water quality and
nutrient
Ctenogobius brunneus-褐栉鰕虎鱼
                                                       Squalidus chankaensis-兴凯銀鮈
                                                       Hypseleotris swinhonis-黄黝
                                                                                                                                                    TN6


                                                                                                                                                      TN5       TN3     TN2
                                                               BS2                                                              QH
                                                                                                               SD                                                             TN1
                                                                                       BS1                                                            TN7             TN4
                                                       BS3                                                    TZ4                                           TN8
                                                                                                                    TZ3
                                                                                                        TZ5
                                                                                                                           TZ1        GYG-R
                                                              Dengta                        Benxi                   TZ2                                               TS1
                                                                                                        TZ6                      Xiaoshi              TS4
                                                                                                                                             TS5                TS2
                                      TZ15     BS4                                     TZ8
                                                                                                                          XT3
                                                      TZ14                  TZ10                 TZ7
                                                                                                                                                          TS3
                                                                     TZ11
                         TZ16
                                                             TZ13
                                                                                    SW-R         XH7
                                                                                                                      XT2

                    TZ17
                                         Liaoyang                            TZ9
                                                                    TZ12
                                                                              TH5                       XH6                     XT1
                             NS3   NS2                                               LH2
                                             Liaoyang*                TH4
                  TZ18                                                                            XH5         XH4
                         YL2                 Anshan                  TH-R
                 TZ19           YL1
                                                                                           LH1          XH3
           TZ20                                       NS1

          TZ21                                                                                          XH2
                                                                                                 XH1
   TZ22
                        HW                              TH3
                         Haicheng                                      TH1
TZ23       HC5                                              TH2

                          HC4
                                                                                                                           Lampetra morii-东北七鳃鳗
                                                                                                                                        Cluster I
                                                 HC1
                                                                                                                                        Cluster II
                                         HC3
                                                                                                                                        Cluster III
                                                HC2                                                                                     Cluster IV
Table 1. The part of fish indicators for stream health assessment
Table 2. The part of macroinvertebrates indicators for stream health assessment




Sensitive species




Tolerant species
Selection of indicators
-重要的是,选择能敏感、稳定反映人为活动压力的因子

 Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful.
 选择有意义的指标非常重要

 •Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we identify   这
 些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值


 •Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针

 Design of the monitoring program and selection of indicators are very
 important.
 监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要
指标的类型多样

 Water quality indicators
   Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, nutrients,
    anions and cations, heavy metals

 Biological pattern indicators
   Fish Assemblage Composition
     Various indicators using richness, abundance,
      presence/absence of species
   Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Composition
     Various indicators (e.g. richness) and predictive models (e.g.
      observed vs. expected)

 Process and biological function indicators
   Primary production, benthic metabolism and nutrient
    cycling, decomposition, fish body condition, food webs
指标应用前的测试是必须的
Literature survey – examples
from previous studies 文献综述
——文献研究中的案例


Disturbance gradient approach
to detecting impacts
应用干扰变化方法发现影响

• Define a disturbance gradient
  定义干扰变化
• Objective comparisons - at same sites &
  times 目标比较-在相同试点和时间
Ecological health indicator
生态健康参数指标




                              Reference values 参数值



                                Low低                      High高

                                        Disturbance gradient 干扰变化
参数的响应




干扰强度
太子河河流健康评估中使用的EPT指数
Table1. Conversion of EPT richness ratio (family) (EPTr) to benthic
macroinvertebrate river health sub-indicator score, according to
catchment zone.
                          EPTr range [1]                   River health    EPTr river health sub-
                                                              class          indicator score
       Mountain and Alpine           Midland and Lowland

             ≥ 0.45                           ≥ 0.34           1.0                  1.0

          0.42 – < 0.45                    0.31 – < 0.34   0.6 – < 0.8              0.7

          0.36 – < 0.42                    0.26 – < 0.31   0.4 – < 0.6              0.5

          0.26 – < 0.36                    0.18 – < 0.26   0.2 – < 0.4              0.3

          0.00 – < 0.26                    0.0 – < 0.18        0.0                  0.0


  Based on data in Lenat, D. 1988. Water quality assessment of streams using a qualitative
 [1]


 collection method for benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American
 Benthological Society 7(3): 222-233.
Table4. 辽河河流健康评估中使用的健康评价因
       子,参照值设定及其依据




2/15

2/15

3/15




4/15


4/15
辽河流域太子河河流健康报告卡




         评价参数体系的构建:



              水化:溶氧,电
              导,悬浮物,
              pH,


                                营养盐:氨氮,总氮,
         藻类:物种数,IBI             总磷,挥发酚,
         指数,BP多样性指              BOD5,CODCr, CODMn,粪
         数,香农多样性指数              大肠杆菌数

        大型底栖动物:物种
        数,EPT物种数,BMWP              鱼类:个体数,
        指数,BP丰富度指数,                IBI指数,BP 丰富
        香农多样性指数,IBI                度指数,物种数,
        指数                         香农多样性指数
                        藻   类
Liao River Report Card
Technical Regulation for Assessment
of River Health
1) We regulated the main aspects for assessing the river hea

 2) It includes the hydrology (developed hydrological
 assessing model), physical form (longitudinal and
 transverse disturbances, bed disturbances, and sediment
 transport), water quality (nutrients and quality), fish,
 benthic macroinvertebrates, algae (community level and
 biological indices) and riverine vegetation;
3) The data collection and analysis would follow the
regulated process;
4) The reference condition for each indicator are could
be cited from the published papers or reports;
5) Combined scores to reflect the health condition of
What we have learnt
  管理提高

 1) 通过项目的参与,提高了对河流健康评价的理解和认
 识,提升了河流健康评价的方法;提升了地方政府对河流
 健康的认识和认可,为河流的生态管理奠定基础;
 技术突破

 2)在中澳专家的共同合作下,提出了《河流健康评价技术
 规范》(征求意见稿),为我国的河流生态系统评价与管
 理,提供了重要的技术手段; 在研究中,首次利用多种化
 学、物理和生物指数构建评价体系,通过与澳方专家的合
 作,构建了太子河评价指标体系,参照体系和评价方法;
 方法突破
3) 利用河流健康报告卡,为河流管理者和公众提供便捷
的途径了解河流的健康状况,开展河流的保护。
Key lessons for doing this monitoring work in
the future
Many thanks for the contributions from Catherine Leigh, Drs Fran
Sheldon, Wade Hadwen, Nick Bond, Prof. Stuart Bunn, Prof. Angela
Arthington, and Prof. Zhang Yuan
谢谢!
敬请指正

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4 river health assessment liao river pilot-cand_e

  • 1. 太子河河流健康评估 汇报人:渠晓东 中国环境科学研究院 CRAES
  • 2. Lecture schedule The theories and methods of the stream health assessment 河流健康评估的理念与方法; The stream health assessment – Taizi River and Liao River Pilot study 河流健康评估方法-太子河实例研究
  • 4. The river health  用 ‚健康‛一词来反映河流的状况,是一个很形象的 比喻,容易被公众接收和认识,并能得到广泛的关注 (Boulton, 1999)。  对河流来讲,健康-即‚保持好的状态‛,其来源于 人的健康,但与人的健康概念并不相同(Karr 1999)。  What is river health?  ‚维持水体的物理、化学和生物的完整性-具有自身 的组织(self-organization),具有生产力 (productive)和抗性(resilient) (Karr and Chu, 1999)。
  • 5. The methods for river health assessment  传统方法使用单一化学、物理或者生物评价河流的水 质(如我国的水质监测系统),其或多或少的反映了 河流健康的某一部分,并取得了一定的评价结果,但 往往很难应用于大尺度的流域管理(Norris & Thoms, 1999)。  利用多参数(multimetrics)或者多变量 (multivariates)的方法开展的一系列的河流健康评价 (Karr 1999;Norris and Hawkins, 2000)。  基于生物完整性思想,提出评估河流的物理、化学和 生物完整性,构建综合评价因子;强调河流生态系统 的完整性,评价结果与社会、经济和流域管理建立联 系,研究与管理密切联系(Bunn et al., 2010)。
  • 6.
  • 7. 综合评价法思路示意图 Yes No 指示因子是否对干扰 具有响应 No No yes yes
  • 9. 河流的分区和分类 DEM, A-R 相似的河流类型和河流级别
  • 10. 识别主要环境问题 生活污染 工业污染 挖沙活动 The main disturbances in the Taizi River
  • 11.
  • 12. 开展河流监测-指示因子的筛选 Everyone has their own ‘pet’ indicators 每个人都会采用自己喜欢的指示 方法
  • 14. Ctenogobius brunneus-褐栉鰕虎鱼 Squalidus chankaensis-兴凯銀鮈 Hypseleotris swinhonis-黄黝 TN6 TN5 TN3 TN2 BS2 QH SD TN1 BS1 TN7 TN4 BS3 TZ4 TN8 TZ3 TZ5 TZ1 GYG-R Dengta Benxi TZ2 TS1 TZ6 Xiaoshi TS4 TS5 TS2 TZ15 BS4 TZ8 XT3 TZ14 TZ10 TZ7 TS3 TZ11 TZ16 TZ13 SW-R XH7 XT2 TZ17 Liaoyang TZ9 TZ12 TH5 XH6 XT1 NS3 NS2 LH2 Liaoyang* TH4 TZ18 XH5 XH4 YL2 Anshan TH-R TZ19 YL1 LH1 XH3 TZ20 NS1 TZ21 XH2 XH1 TZ22 HW TH3 Haicheng TH1 TZ23 HC5 TH2 HC4 Lampetra morii-东北七鳃鳗 Cluster I HC1 Cluster II HC3 Cluster III HC2 Cluster IV
  • 15. Table 1. The part of fish indicators for stream health assessment
  • 16. Table 2. The part of macroinvertebrates indicators for stream health assessment Sensitive species Tolerant species
  • 17. Selection of indicators -重要的是,选择能敏感、稳定反映人为活动压力的因子 Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful. 选择有意义的指标非常重要 •Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we identify 这 些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值 •Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针 Design of the monitoring program and selection of indicators are very important. 监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要
  • 18. 指标的类型多样  Water quality indicators  Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, nutrients, anions and cations, heavy metals  Biological pattern indicators  Fish Assemblage Composition  Various indicators using richness, abundance, presence/absence of species  Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Composition  Various indicators (e.g. richness) and predictive models (e.g. observed vs. expected)  Process and biological function indicators  Primary production, benthic metabolism and nutrient cycling, decomposition, fish body condition, food webs
  • 19. 指标应用前的测试是必须的 Literature survey – examples from previous studies 文献综述 ——文献研究中的案例 Disturbance gradient approach to detecting impacts 应用干扰变化方法发现影响 • Define a disturbance gradient 定义干扰变化 • Objective comparisons - at same sites & times 目标比较-在相同试点和时间
  • 20. Ecological health indicator 生态健康参数指标 Reference values 参数值 Low低 High高 Disturbance gradient 干扰变化
  • 22. 太子河河流健康评估中使用的EPT指数 Table1. Conversion of EPT richness ratio (family) (EPTr) to benthic macroinvertebrate river health sub-indicator score, according to catchment zone. EPTr range [1] River health EPTr river health sub- class indicator score Mountain and Alpine Midland and Lowland ≥ 0.45 ≥ 0.34 1.0 1.0 0.42 – < 0.45 0.31 – < 0.34 0.6 – < 0.8 0.7 0.36 – < 0.42 0.26 – < 0.31 0.4 – < 0.6 0.5 0.26 – < 0.36 0.18 – < 0.26 0.2 – < 0.4 0.3 0.00 – < 0.26 0.0 – < 0.18 0.0 0.0 Based on data in Lenat, D. 1988. Water quality assessment of streams using a qualitative [1] collection method for benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7(3): 222-233.
  • 23. Table4. 辽河河流健康评估中使用的健康评价因 子,参照值设定及其依据 2/15 2/15 3/15 4/15 4/15
  • 24. 辽河流域太子河河流健康报告卡 评价参数体系的构建: 水化:溶氧,电 导,悬浮物, pH, 营养盐:氨氮,总氮, 藻类:物种数,IBI 总磷,挥发酚, 指数,BP多样性指 BOD5,CODCr, CODMn,粪 数,香农多样性指数 大肠杆菌数 大型底栖动物:物种 数,EPT物种数,BMWP 鱼类:个体数, 指数,BP丰富度指数, IBI指数,BP 丰富 香农多样性指数,IBI 度指数,物种数, 指数 香农多样性指数 藻 类
  • 25.
  • 27. Technical Regulation for Assessment of River Health 1) We regulated the main aspects for assessing the river hea 2) It includes the hydrology (developed hydrological assessing model), physical form (longitudinal and transverse disturbances, bed disturbances, and sediment transport), water quality (nutrients and quality), fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, algae (community level and biological indices) and riverine vegetation; 3) The data collection and analysis would follow the regulated process; 4) The reference condition for each indicator are could be cited from the published papers or reports; 5) Combined scores to reflect the health condition of
  • 28. What we have learnt 管理提高 1) 通过项目的参与,提高了对河流健康评价的理解和认 识,提升了河流健康评价的方法;提升了地方政府对河流 健康的认识和认可,为河流的生态管理奠定基础; 技术突破 2)在中澳专家的共同合作下,提出了《河流健康评价技术 规范》(征求意见稿),为我国的河流生态系统评价与管 理,提供了重要的技术手段; 在研究中,首次利用多种化 学、物理和生物指数构建评价体系,通过与澳方专家的合 作,构建了太子河评价指标体系,参照体系和评价方法; 方法突破 3) 利用河流健康报告卡,为河流管理者和公众提供便捷 的途径了解河流的健康状况,开展河流的保护。
  • 29. Key lessons for doing this monitoring work in the future
  • 30. Many thanks for the contributions from Catherine Leigh, Drs Fran Sheldon, Wade Hadwen, Nick Bond, Prof. Stuart Bunn, Prof. Angela Arthington, and Prof. Zhang Yuan