2. Lecture schedule
The theories and methods of the stream health
assessment
河流健康评估的理念与方法;
The stream health assessment – Taizi River and Liao
River Pilot study
河流健康评估方法-太子河实例研究
4. The river health
用 ‚健康‛一词来反映河流的状况,是一个很形象的
比喻,容易被公众接收和认识,并能得到广泛的关注
(Boulton, 1999)。
对河流来讲,健康-即‚保持好的状态‛,其来源于
人的健康,但与人的健康概念并不相同(Karr
1999)。
What is river health?
‚维持水体的物理、化学和生物的完整性-具有自身
的组织(self-organization),具有生产力
(productive)和抗性(resilient) (Karr and
Chu, 1999)。
5. The methods for river health assessment
传统方法使用单一化学、物理或者生物评价河流的水
质(如我国的水质监测系统),其或多或少的反映了
河流健康的某一部分,并取得了一定的评价结果,但
往往很难应用于大尺度的流域管理(Norris & Thoms,
1999)。
利用多参数(multimetrics)或者多变量
(multivariates)的方法开展的一系列的河流健康评价
(Karr 1999;Norris and Hawkins, 2000)。
基于生物完整性思想,提出评估河流的物理、化学和
生物完整性,构建综合评价因子;强调河流生态系统
的完整性,评价结果与社会、经济和流域管理建立联
系,研究与管理密切联系(Bunn et al., 2010)。
15. Table 1. The part of fish indicators for stream health assessment
16. Table 2. The part of macroinvertebrates indicators for stream health assessment
Sensitive species
Tolerant species
17. Selection of indicators
-重要的是,选择能敏感、稳定反映人为活动压力的因子
Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful.
选择有意义的指标非常重要
•Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we identify 这
些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值
•Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针
Design of the monitoring program and selection of indicators are very
important.
监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要
18. 指标的类型多样
Water quality indicators
Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, nutrients,
anions and cations, heavy metals
Biological pattern indicators
Fish Assemblage Composition
Various indicators using richness, abundance,
presence/absence of species
Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Composition
Various indicators (e.g. richness) and predictive models (e.g.
observed vs. expected)
Process and biological function indicators
Primary production, benthic metabolism and nutrient
cycling, decomposition, fish body condition, food webs
19. 指标应用前的测试是必须的
Literature survey – examples
from previous studies 文献综述
——文献研究中的案例
Disturbance gradient approach
to detecting impacts
应用干扰变化方法发现影响
• Define a disturbance gradient
定义干扰变化
• Objective comparisons - at same sites &
times 目标比较-在相同试点和时间
22. 太子河河流健康评估中使用的EPT指数
Table1. Conversion of EPT richness ratio (family) (EPTr) to benthic
macroinvertebrate river health sub-indicator score, according to
catchment zone.
EPTr range [1] River health EPTr river health sub-
class indicator score
Mountain and Alpine Midland and Lowland
≥ 0.45 ≥ 0.34 1.0 1.0
0.42 – < 0.45 0.31 – < 0.34 0.6 – < 0.8 0.7
0.36 – < 0.42 0.26 – < 0.31 0.4 – < 0.6 0.5
0.26 – < 0.36 0.18 – < 0.26 0.2 – < 0.4 0.3
0.00 – < 0.26 0.0 – < 0.18 0.0 0.0
Based on data in Lenat, D. 1988. Water quality assessment of streams using a qualitative
[1]
collection method for benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American
Benthological Society 7(3): 222-233.
27. Technical Regulation for Assessment
of River Health
1) We regulated the main aspects for assessing the river hea
2) It includes the hydrology (developed hydrological
assessing model), physical form (longitudinal and
transverse disturbances, bed disturbances, and sediment
transport), water quality (nutrients and quality), fish,
benthic macroinvertebrates, algae (community level and
biological indices) and riverine vegetation;
3) The data collection and analysis would follow the
regulated process;
4) The reference condition for each indicator are could
be cited from the published papers or reports;
5) Combined scores to reflect the health condition of
28. What we have learnt
管理提高
1) 通过项目的参与,提高了对河流健康评价的理解和认
识,提升了河流健康评价的方法;提升了地方政府对河流
健康的认识和认可,为河流的生态管理奠定基础;
技术突破
2)在中澳专家的共同合作下,提出了《河流健康评价技术
规范》(征求意见稿),为我国的河流生态系统评价与管
理,提供了重要的技术手段; 在研究中,首次利用多种化
学、物理和生物指数构建评价体系,通过与澳方专家的合
作,构建了太子河评价指标体系,参照体系和评价方法;
方法突破
3) 利用河流健康报告卡,为河流管理者和公众提供便捷
的途径了解河流的健康状况,开展河流的保护。
30. Many thanks for the contributions from Catherine Leigh, Drs Fran
Sheldon, Wade Hadwen, Nick Bond, Prof. Stuart Bunn, Prof. Angela
Arthington, and Prof. Zhang Yuan