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1. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
I.T. for Management
CHAPTER-15
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
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2. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
System Development typically goes thru several stages in
the entire lifespan right from
analysis, design, implementation.
Water Fall method
The Water Fall method is one of the most commonly used
lifecycles for developing software solutions
In the Waterfall method a large module is broken down into
small and manageable modules
One of the most important limitation of the Waterfall model
is that there is no scope for going back from the next to the
previous stage
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3. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Water Fall method
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4. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Water Fall method
• With waterfall development-based methodologies, the
analysts and users proceed sequentially from one phase
to the next.
• The two key advantages of waterfall development-based
methodologies are:
- The system requirements are identified long
before programming begins.
- Changes to the requirements are minimized as the
project proceeds.
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5. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Water Fall method.
• The two key disadvantages of waterfall
development-based methodologies are:
- The design must be completely specified before
programming begins.
- A long time elapses between the completion of
the system proposal in the analysis phase and the
delivery of the system.
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6. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Incremental /evolutionary Models
The incremental approach believes in looking at the smaller
portions of a software system
In the incremental approach there is a constant flow of delivered
software products to the end user
Consider increment in following example
1stincrement We begin developing small solution which
can print an invoice
2nd increment Generates Sales register& sales analysis
3rd increment Enter & print receipt of money
4th increment Generate collection report
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7. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Incremental /evolutionary Models
From above example we can see how application can
grow over a period.
The incremental approach considerably reduces the risk
in software success
The incremental approach believe in Revisiting
previously developed increments
With 3rdgeneration languages like COBOL, incremental
models were almost unthinkable
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8. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Incremental /evolutionary Models
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9. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Some popular incremental models are
Spiral model
Here the software goes thru a phase of analysis, risk
assessment, design & coding before moving to the next
phase
Thus each cycle leads to an increase in functionality of
the software
The advantages of spiral model is also that the
requirement & risk of the software are revisited in every
cycle& that too for the entire development cycle
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10. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Prototyping
• Prototyping-based methodologies perform the
analysis, design and implementation phases
concurrently.
• All three phases are performed repeatedly in a cycle
until the system is completed.
• A prototype is a smaller version of the system with a
minimal amount of features.
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11. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Prototyping
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12. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Prototyping
• Advantage: Provides a system for the users to
interact with, even if it is not initially ready for
use.
• Disadvantage: Often the prototype undergoes
such significant changes that many initial
design decisions prove to be poor ones.
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13. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Throwaway Prototyping
• Throwaway prototyping methodologies are
similar to prototyping based methodologies.
• The main difference is that throwaway
prototyping IS completed during a different
point in the SDLC.
• Has relatively thorough analysis phase.
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14. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
• RAD-based methodologies adjust the SDLC phases to
get some part of system developed quickly and into
the hands of the users.
• Most RAD-based methodologies recommend that
analysts use special techniques and computer tools
to speed up the analysis, design, and
implementation phases, such as CASE (computer-
aided software engineering) tools.
• One possible subtle problem with RAD-based
methodologies is managing user expectations
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15. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Software Lifecycle and OOAD
• The SDLC is composed of four fundamental
phases:
- Planning
- Analysis
- Design
- Implementation
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16. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
• Each of the phases include a set of steps, which rely
on techniques that produce specific document files
that provide understanding about the project.
• To Understand the SDLC:
- Each phase consists of steps that lead to specific
deliverables
- The system evolves through gradual refinement
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17. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
Software Maintenance Phase
While most software lifecycles focus on the
development of software product, it is known fact in
the industry the cost spent on maintaining software is
always more than the cost of originally developed
Hence maintenance is one of important phase of
software development
Good structure, reusable component, good practice in
version control & keeping tracks of changes makes
maintenance easy task
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18. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
System Development Cycle (SDLC)
End of Chapter 15
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