This PPT aims to explain the fundamentals of Philosophy in General.

1. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV
SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

2. (THE SCENARIO: YOUR MOTHER WANTS YOU TO BUY AT THE MARKET)
1. WHAT ITEMS DO I NEED TO BUY?
2. HOW MUCH WILL BE THE BUDGET?
3. WHY IS IT WISE TO BUY IN THE WET MARKET THAN IN THE SUPERMARKET?
4. WHY IS MY FAMILY BUYING MEAT WHEN A VEGETARIAN’S MEAL IS MORE IDEAL?
5. WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE TO BUY THINGS WHEN GOD CREATED NATURE WHERE THESE GOODS COME FROM?

3. PHILOSOPHY
Philia = love sophia= wisdom
LOVE OF WISDOM
Strong desire for something Correct application of knowledge

4. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
“The Science that studies beings in
their ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles under the light of human
reason alone”

5. WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE
WORLD OF EVERYTHING THAT
EXISTS?
WHY DO THESE THINGS EXIST
RATHER THAN NOT EXIST AT
ALL?
IS THERE A GOD? IF SO, HOW
CAN WE JUSTIFY THE
GOODNESS OF GOD IN THE
FACE OF EVIL?
WHAT IS THE MEANING AND
PURPOSE OF LIFE? WHY IS
THERE SUFFERING?
IS IT MORALLY RIGHT TO
RESORT TO EUTHANISIA IF
ONES SUFFERING IS ALREADY
UNBEARABLE?

6. “Wisest is he who knows that he does not know” –Socrates
INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY
WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF PHILOSOPHY IN GENERAL

7. HAVING A PHILOSOPHY

8. PHILOSOPHY AS A PROCESS

9. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

10. PHILOSOPHY AS A LANGUAGE

11. PHILOSOPHY AS A SUBJECT TOPIC

12. PHILOSOPHY AS AN INQUIRY

13. ■ The study of Philosophy enables us to think carefully and clearly about
important issues.
■ In studying Philosophy, we learn to take a step back from our every day
thinking and to explore deeper and bigger questions which underpin our
thoughts.
■ The focus is to learn not what to believe, but how to think.
■ Studying Philosophy sharpens your analytical abilities, enabling you to
identify and evaluate the strength and weaknesses in any position.
■ It hones your ability to construct and articulate cogent arguments of your
own.
■ It prompts you to work across disciplinary boundaries and to think flexibly
and creatively about problems which do not present immediate solutions.
■ It also develops your ability to think and work independently.

14. “Wisest is he who knows that he does not know” –Socrates
INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY
WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF PHILOSOPHY IN GENERAL

15. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
study of the nature of reality. (according to
Aristotle, it is the first branch of
Philosophy.)

16. 1.METAPHYSICS
Meta= beyond Phy sika= physical
Study of the things beyond the
physical; concepts or things that
cannot be experienced
GENERAL METAPHYSICS/ONTOLOGY
SPECIAL
METAPHYSICS
COSMOLOGY
PYSCHOLOGY
THEODICY

17. General METAPHYSICS
■ a.) ONTOLOGY- studies the first
principles/essence of all things
– What is being?
– Why do things exist, rather than not
exist at all?
– What is the meaning and nature of
reality?
– What is existence itself?
– Is there nothing?

18. Special METAPHYSICS
■ a.) COSMOLOGY- studies the
WORLD (or universe) including its
origin, dynamics, and
characteristics, as well as the laws
that govern its order.
– What is origin of the world?
– What is the basic material of
which the world is formed?
– How do things arise?

19. Special METAPHYSICS
■ b.) PSYCHOLOGY- study of the
nature and dynamics of the human
person as a whole with emphasis
on the way the person’s mind
functions and his/her behavior
– What is the nature of the human
person?
– Is there such a thing as human
nature?
– Is there life after death?

20. Special METAPHYSICS
■ c.) THEODICY- study of God;
justification of the goodness of God
in the face of the existence of evil.
– Is there a God?
– How do we prove the existence
of God?
– If God exists, how do we justify
the existence of evil and
suffering in the world?
– Does a belief in God necessary?

21. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
science of correct
thinking/reasoning and rules of
validity.

22. 2. LOGIC ■ logos= science of
correct thinking
STUDY OF THE
PRINCIPLES AND
CRITERIA OF A VALID
ARGUMENT; IT
DISTINGUISHES SOUND
OR GOOD REASONING
FROM UNSOUND OR BAD
REASONING

23. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
study or a theory of the nature and
grounds of knowledge especially
with reference to its limits and
validity (how do we know?)

24. EPISTEMOLOGY
EPISTEME=KNOWLEDGE LOGOS-= STUDY
Study of the nature and scope of
knowledge and justified belief/s

25. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
study of dealing with morality

26. 4. ETHICS
■ Ethos= custom or habit
MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS;
HOW HUMAN PERSONS OUGHT TO
ACT, AND THE SEARCH FOR A
DEFINITION OF A RIGHT CONDUCT,
AND GOOD LIFE
ETHICS ≠ MORALITY
THEORY PRACTICE

27. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

28. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
study relating to art and beauty

29. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV |SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
relationship of an individual to the
state

30. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

31. “a philosopher is not cynical, but rather skeptical” -
Rene DesCartes, a systematic process of being
skeptical about the truth of one’s belief- “cogito ergo
sum”; I exist because I doubt)

32. “the working assumption is that the more clearly the
question or problem is stated, the easier it is to
identify critical issues.”

33. “enunciate a theory, or offer a
definition/analysis, which constitutes an
attempt to solve a philosophical problem.

34. “use arguments. Offer them for the different
claims you make

35. “philosophers offer definitions and explanations in solution to
problems; they argue for those solutions to other philosophers,
provide counter arguments expecting to eventually come up with
better solutions.

36. WILFREDO DJ P. MARTIN IV | SHS-SET A
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
“The unexamined life is
not worth living”
-Socrates