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HOW DANGEROUS ARE WIND TURBINES IN COLD CLIMATE
AND CAN WE DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT?
Winterwind, Skellefteå 8 February 2012
Bengt Göransson, Pöyry SwedPower
ARE WIND TURBINES DANGEROUS?




                   COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   2
                                                    17 JANUARY 2012
HAZARDS IN COLD CLIMATE



•  Ice throw
•  Noise increase

•  Slipping
•  Trapping
•  Freezing




                    COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   3
                                                     17 JANUARY 2012
THE MACHINERY DIRECTIVE SAYS…




”Machinery must be designed and constructed so
that it….can be operated, adjusted and
maintained without putting persons at risk”




                                        4 | WINTERWIND 2011 | 2011-02-09
                      COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                                PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   4
                                                                                    17 JANUARY 2012
RISK




  Risk = probability of a hazard x consequence of failure




                       COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY          PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   5
                                                               17 JANUARY 2012
EN 50308 REVISION BY CENELEC




                     COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   6
                                                      17 JANUARY 2012
PROCEDURE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT ACCORDING TO
MACHINERY DIRECTIVE


        1    Determine the limits of the machinery

        2    Identify the hazards

        3    Estimate the risks

        4    Evaluate possible design solutions

        5    Eliminate the hazard or reduce the risks

        6    Inform about residual hazards




                      COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   7
                                                                       17 JANUARY 2012
PROBABILITY OF ICE SHEDDING
Distance from tower




                                 Ice throw probability/m2/year with 5 icing days
                                              Turbine in operation

                                             COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   8
                                                                                              17 JANUARY 2012
PROBABILITY OF ICE SHEDDING




            Ice throw probability/m2/year with 5 icing days
                         Turbine at standstill

                        COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   9
                                                                         17 JANUARY 2012
CASES


Service staff                     Public


Icing                             Winter season
occurrence

Rotating                          Parked turbine
turbine
                COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY            PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   10
                                                          17 JANUARY 2012
RISK LEVELS AT 5 ”ICE DAYS” ANNUALLY WITH ICE
 In operation

Case Service staff                        Recurrence time
Parked car 1 hr / 20 m                    27 years

Driving by row of turbines for 7          5800 years
min
Person staying 1 hr/10 m                  530 years




                            COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                 PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   11
                                                                           17 JANUARY 2012
WINTER SEASON (6 MONTHS)


In operation

Case Public                           Recurrence time
Person 1hr/10 m                       1,3 million years
Person 1hr/50 m                       53 million years
Person 1 hr/100 m                     143 million years


Parked

Case Public                           Recurrence time
Person 1hr/10 m                       19000 years
Person 1 hr/50 m                      230000 years
Person 1 hr/100 m                     -


                    COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                       PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   12
                                                                         17 JANUARY 2012
ARE THESE FIGURES HIGH RISK OR LOW RISK?




•  For public:
           Risk of being hit by lightning in the US during one year is 7 times staying 50 m
           from turbine for 1 hour during winter season

           Risk of being hit by ice cone in Stockholm city street equals staying 10 m
           for 1 hour during winter season

•  Risk for service staff:
           Risk for personal injury in traffic 4 times staying 1 hour 10 m from turbine at
           icing condition




                                     COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                        PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   13
                                                                                           17 JANUARY 2012
WHAT TO DO?



•  Don´t build turbines in cold climate (No option)

•  Do not operate from October to May (No option)

•  Include ice detection/closing down

•  Include active heating equipment

•  Include passive deicing equipment

•  Put up warning signs




                                      COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   14
                                                                       17 JANUARY 2012
CONCLUSION



•  For service staff recurrence period of 530 years – Not neglectible

•  Active heating system solves the problem

•  If adding passive de-icing system additional information is needed

•  For the public warning signs are sufficient




                                  COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY                       PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   15
                                                                                       17 JANUARY 2012
THANK YOU!




         CONTACT:
         NAME: Bengt Göransson
         MAIL: bengt.goransson@poyry.com
         PHONE: 010-4047



                           COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY   PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE   16
                                                            17 JANUARY 2012

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How dangerous are wind turbines in cold climate regions? Can we do something about it?

  • 1. HOW DANGEROUS ARE WIND TURBINES IN COLD CLIMATE AND CAN WE DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT? Winterwind, Skellefteå 8 February 2012 Bengt Göransson, Pöyry SwedPower
  • 2. ARE WIND TURBINES DANGEROUS? COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 2 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 3. HAZARDS IN COLD CLIMATE •  Ice throw •  Noise increase •  Slipping •  Trapping •  Freezing COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 3 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 4. THE MACHINERY DIRECTIVE SAYS… ”Machinery must be designed and constructed so that it….can be operated, adjusted and maintained without putting persons at risk” 4 | WINTERWIND 2011 | 2011-02-09 COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 4 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 5. RISK Risk = probability of a hazard x consequence of failure COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 5 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 6. EN 50308 REVISION BY CENELEC COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 6 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 7. PROCEDURE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT ACCORDING TO MACHINERY DIRECTIVE 1 Determine the limits of the machinery 2 Identify the hazards 3 Estimate the risks 4 Evaluate possible design solutions 5 Eliminate the hazard or reduce the risks 6 Inform about residual hazards COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 7 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 8. PROBABILITY OF ICE SHEDDING Distance from tower Ice throw probability/m2/year with 5 icing days Turbine in operation COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 8 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 9. PROBABILITY OF ICE SHEDDING Ice throw probability/m2/year with 5 icing days Turbine at standstill COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 9 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 10. CASES Service staff Public Icing Winter season occurrence Rotating Parked turbine turbine COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 10 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 11. RISK LEVELS AT 5 ”ICE DAYS” ANNUALLY WITH ICE In operation Case Service staff Recurrence time Parked car 1 hr / 20 m 27 years Driving by row of turbines for 7 5800 years min Person staying 1 hr/10 m 530 years COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 11 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 12. WINTER SEASON (6 MONTHS) In operation Case Public Recurrence time Person 1hr/10 m 1,3 million years Person 1hr/50 m 53 million years Person 1 hr/100 m 143 million years Parked Case Public Recurrence time Person 1hr/10 m 19000 years Person 1 hr/50 m 230000 years Person 1 hr/100 m - COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 12 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 13. ARE THESE FIGURES HIGH RISK OR LOW RISK? •  For public: Risk of being hit by lightning in the US during one year is 7 times staying 50 m from turbine for 1 hour during winter season Risk of being hit by ice cone in Stockholm city street equals staying 10 m for 1 hour during winter season •  Risk for service staff: Risk for personal injury in traffic 4 times staying 1 hour 10 m from turbine at icing condition COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 13 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 14. WHAT TO DO? •  Don´t build turbines in cold climate (No option) •  Do not operate from October to May (No option) •  Include ice detection/closing down •  Include active heating equipment •  Include passive deicing equipment •  Put up warning signs COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 14 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 15. CONCLUSION •  For service staff recurrence period of 530 years – Not neglectible •  Active heating system solves the problem •  If adding passive de-icing system additional information is needed •  For the public warning signs are sufficient COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 15 17 JANUARY 2012
  • 16. THANK YOU! CONTACT: NAME: Bengt Göransson MAIL: bengt.goransson@poyry.com PHONE: 010-4047 COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY PÖYRY POWERPOINT 2010 TEMPLATE 16 17 JANUARY 2012