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Stress management workshop
1. Stress and its management
Dr.Shashikant.S.K
Snow Mountain Yoga Center
2. Views of Stress
Eastern philosophies have viewed
stress as an absence of inner peace.
Western culture has more recently
viewed stress as a loss of control.
3. Chinese medicine men Hippocrates Rene Descartes
Galen Robert Koch
Hans Selye Rudolph Virchow
4. Hans Selye, the father of scientific foundation for
mind-body medicine, who in the 1950's introduced
it as "the non-specific response of the body to any
demand for change".
10/4/2012
5. Stress
The mental and physical response of our bodies to the
changes and challenges in our live
Stressor – any physical, social, or psychological event
or condition that causes the body to adjust to that
situation
Adjustment may cause strain or wear and tear on our bodies
and minds
14. 8 Interactive Stress Variables
Intensity: magnitude (low vs high)
quality: insignificant vs significant
Duration/frequency: short vs long; high/low
Focus of Stressor: vulnerability (high vs low)
Extent of Stress: scope of influence (isolated vs extensive)
Mental/Physical Status: hardiness (high vs low)
Resistance: active vs inactive
Perception: reductive vs magnifying
18. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Sympathetic division
Its brings about the emergency reaction, and
triggers off the production of adrenaline to keep
it going.
It is involved in „active“ emotions like fear, anger,
or excitement.
Parasympathetic division
It operates later to correct the balance and to
restore body functions to normal operation. It is
involved in the „quiet“ emotions, like depression
or sadness, when we are not really active at all.
23. The Story of the Cave Man and
the Saber-toothed Tiger
10/4/2012
24. Picture this scene a million years ago. You
come out of of your cave. The sun is up and
the birds are chirping. Your heart rate is
normal.
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25. All of a sudden you hear a twig snap. Off to
your right you see a large saber-toothed tiger.
You have two options. What are they?
10/4/2012 www.yogamaarg.com
29. To fight that tiger or run away fast, the
body prepares by releasing stress
hormones
Cortisol increases blood sugar and speeds
metabolism
Epinephrine supplies extra glucose
Norepinephrine speeds up your heart rate and
raises your blood pressure
10/4/2012 www.yogamaarg.com
30. There is no longer a tiger to kill or
run away from!
10/4/2012
31. The Body’s Response to Stress
General adaptation syndrome (GAS) – an adaptive
response where our bodies move from homeostasis to
crisis:
Alarm phase
“Fight or flight” response
Resistance phase
Exhaustion phase
33. Alarm Phase
The cerebral cortex – region of brain responsible for higher mental
functions – interprets nature of event (stressor).
The sympathetic nervous system is triggered.
Hypothalamus – interprets the body’s needs for more energy –
triggers the pituitary gland to release ACTH (adrenocorticotropic
hormone)
ACTH acts on the adrenal gland to release stress hormones –
cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine
These stress hormones trigger the muscles and liver to release
glycogen (glucagon) into glucose (energy)
Heart rate, blood pressure and respiration increases
The body’s resources have to be prioritized! Activities of the body
that are important – but not urgent are put on “hold”, such as
digestion.
34.
35. Resistance Phase
The body is actively trying to reverse the actions that
transpired during the alarm phase. During the
resistance phase the body is under the control of the
parasympathetic nervous system.
The body’s vital functions such as heart rate, blood
pressure, respiration, digestion, spleen function, vision,
bladder function, glucose level, saliva and mucous,
endorphins and hearing return to normal functioning.
Remember – the body is trying to reach Homeostasis as
a defense mechanism. The body wants to survive!
36. Exhaustion Phase
Long term exposure to a stressor or stressors can result
in overload. When the body is over-taxed and there
are no recovery periods illness can result.
This is a depleted state that has been the result of an
ineffective balance of the alarm and resistance phase.
40. Aetiology of Physical Stress Disorders (3)
Personality
Friedman & Rosenham
Strive to Achieve/Competitive
Type A Time Urgency/Impatience
Hostility/Aggression
‘Chilled’/Relaxed
Type B Less time concerned
Less aggressive
NB: Type A behaviour linked to CHD &
hypertension
71. Re-framing
Re-framing is a technique to change the way you look
at things in order to feel better about them. There are
many ways to interpret the same situation so pick the
one you like. Re-framing does not change the external
reality, but helps you view things in a different light
and less stressfully.
72. Positive Thinking
Forget powerlessness, dejection, despair, failure
Stress leaves us vulnerable to negative suggestion so
focus on positives;
Focus on your strengths
Learn from the stress you are under
Look for opportunities
Seek out the positive - make a change.
73. Change your Behaviour
Be assertive
Get organised
Ventilation
Humour
Diversion and distraction
74. Be Assertive
Assertiveness helps to manage stressful situations, and
will , in time, help to reduce their frequency. Lack of
assertiveness often shows low self - esteem and low
self - confidence. The key to assertiveness is verbal and
non - verbal communication. Extending our range of
communication skills will improve our assertiveness.
75. Equality and Basic Rights
1) The right to express my feelings
2) The right to express opinions / beliefs
3) The right to say ‘Yes/No’ for yourself
4) Right to change your mind
5) Right to say ‘I don’t understand’
6) Right to be yourself, not acting for the benefit of
others
76. 7) The right to decline responsibility for other people’s
problems
8) The right to make reasonable requests of others
9) The right to set my own priorities
10) The right to be listened to, and taken seriously
77. Being Assertive
Being assertive involves standing up for your personal
rights and expressing your thoughts, feelings and
beliefs directly, honestly and spontaneously in ways
that don’t infringe the rights of others.
78. Assertive People
Respect themselves and others
Take responsibility for actions and choices
Ask openly for what they want
Disappointed if ‘want’ denied
Self - confidence remains intact
Not reliant on the approval of others
79. Assertive Skills
Establish good eye contact / don’t stare
Stand or sit comfortably - don’t fidget
Talk in a firm, steady voice
Use body language
‘I think’ / ‘I feel’
‘What do you think?’ ‘How do you feel ?’
Concise and to the point
80. Benefits
Higher self-esteem
Less self-conscious
Less anxious
Manage stress more successfully
Appreciate yourself and others more easily
Feeling of self-control
81. Get Organised
Poor organisation is one of the most common causes of
stress. Structured approaches offer security against
‘out of the blue’ problems. Prioritising objectives,
duties and activities makes them manageable and
achievable. Don’t overload your mind. Organisation
will help avoid personal and professional chaos.
82. Time Management
Make a list
What MUST be done
What SHOULD be done
What would you LIKE to do
Cut out time wasting
Learn to drop unimportant activities
Say no
83. Plan your day
Set achievable goals
Don’t waste time making excuses for not doing
something
84. Ventilation
‘A problem shared is a problem halved’
Develop a support network through friends or
colleagues to talk with. It’s not always events that are
stressful but how we perceive them.
Writing a diary or notes may help release feelings but
do not re-read what has been written.
85. Humour
Good stress - reducer
Applies at home and work
Relieves muscular tension
Improves breathing
Pumps endorphins into the bloodstream - the body’s
natural painkillers
86. Diversion and Distraction
Take time out
Get away from things that bother you
Doesn’t solve the problem
Reduce stress level
Calm down
Think logically
88. Benefits of Exercise
Uses up excess energy released by the ‘Fight or Flight’
reaction.
Improves blood circulation
Lowers blood pressure
Clears the mind of worrying thoughts
Improves self image
Makes you feel better about yourself
Increases social contact
89. Sleep
Good stress reducer
Difficult to cope when tired
Wake refreshed after night’s sleep
Plenty of daytime energy
90. Leisure
Interest
Gives you a ‘break’ from stresses
Provides outlet for relief
Provides social contact
94. Is a pill dissolving in your stomach more
effective than a healing thought
dissolving in your mind?
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99. Some common specific phobias
Acrophobia Heights
Algophobia Pain
Astraphobia Thunderstorms & lightning
Claustrophobia Enclosed places
Hydrophobia Water
Monophobia Being alone
Mysophobia Contamination or germs
Nyctophobia Darkness
Ochlophobia Crowds
Pathophobia Disease
Pyrophobia Fire
Zoophobia Animals, or some particular animal