3. 2 3
ALROWAD company is one of the leading Egyptian companies working in
plastic industry specialized in designing and
manufacturing HDPE pipes and fitting by using the best raw material and
developing the highest technology and quality applied in this field, as It’s
production capacity reach to 2000 tons per month.
ALROWAD company is specialized in manufacturing HDPE pipes from
32mm till 1200mm diameter with different pressure classes, It also offering
welding and complementary items for polyethylene networks and sup-
plies its machines and also train on its usage.
Our company also develops our products from pipes and
Fitting to serve many sectors such as potable water networks, sewage wa-
ter networks, infrastructure projects , natural gas, firefighting lines… etc.
We are providing technical support for all stages of the projects
Our vision :
to be the leading regional manufacturers of HDPE PIPES and one of the
largest manufacturers
As well as contribute in increasing the treatments of potable ,sewage and
waste water in Egypt for better living
Our mission :
to achieve our vision by providing our customers with
Distinctive products ,reliable services ,excellence in quality through com-
plying with both Egyptian and International standards,
ALROWADProfile
welcometo
ALROWAD
HDPEPipes
&Fittings
5. 6 7
ADVANTAGES OF
POLYETHYLENE
PIPES
There is no material more suitable to withstanding the reacts of corrosive
acids, alkalis and salts. In addition, polyethylene is not susceptible to bacte-
ria, fungi and even the majority of “aggressive” soils. Do not require cathod-
ic protection, and therefore do not require service.
HIGH CHEMICAL TOLERANCE
The purity of the liquids transported is guaranteed to be free of harm-
ful leached substances. Pipes made of polyethylene are a reliable shield
against microorganisms and bacteria, and their inner coating will not allow
any harmful impurities to leach into water.
RESISTANT TO CONTAMINATION
Polyethylene pipes are a perfectly smooth pipeline (Hazen William coff=150)
and provide very little resistance to the flow of fluids. Their excellent toler-
ance to chemical resistance and non-abrasive surface almost negates such
problems as the formation of deposits and surface defects, while maintain-
ing their superior hydraulic characteristics over the service life.
SUPERIOR HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS
Thanks to this property, polyethylene pipes lose little heat, with no conden-
sate forming on their surfaces.
LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
ALROWAD PLASTIC PIPES
Polyethylene pipes allow for cold weather loading and unloading, including bend-
ing. This simplifies installation and reduces costs. The pipes’ flexibility pipe allows
them to follow the terrain, reducing the need for fittings. Due to the high elasticity
of polyethylene, the likelihood of ruptures in a pipeline due to freezing of the liq-
uid transported is minimal, since the pipe does not rupture, but
expands, acquiring its former dimensions as the fluid thaws.
FLEXIBILITY AND STRENGTH
Produced from materials with a high density equal to only 1/8 the density of steel,
poly- ethylene pipes are lightweight and do not require the use of heavy lifting
equipment during installation and transportation , excellent in shifting soils & per-
forms well in earthquake-prone areas.
Our considerable experience in using polyethylene pipes in mining, dredging or
similar operations has demonstrated that, when transporting the abrasive slurry,
polyethylene pipes wear less than pipes made of more expensive materials.
Polyethylene pipes with control of outer diameter along the length of the pipes
can be joined into continuous lengths of piping, using the heat soldering meth- od
(welding) , creating homogeneous connections which are as strong and chemical
resistant as the pipes themselves
Polyethylene pipes are guaranteed for a service life of 50 years. Polyethylene
pipes retain their physical and chemical properties throughout their service lives.
LOW WEIGHT
CORROISION FREE
LEAK FREE JOINTS
DURABILITY
8. 12 13
L.D.P.E PIPES L.D.P.E PIPES : AUSTRALIAN STANDARD POLYETHYLENE PIPE (ID) :
FOR DRIPAND MICRO IRRIGATION :
PRESSURE LOSS DATA :
ALWASAIL Low density polyethylene
Pipes (LDPE) are mainly used in Drip &
Micro Irrigation systems.
ALWASAIL Low density polyethylene Pipes are
manufactured from the Virgin High grade of Polyethylene resins.
LDPE- linear low density polythylene (Density = 0.930
g/cm3) Virgin basic polymers
Both the above materials contain choice of polymers and high quality carbon black to get life under
every working and weather conditions.
Minimum 2% carbon black added for resistance to Ultra-Violet deterioration.
Economical. Longer Filed Life. Very Strict Quality control.
Available in a wide range of diameters, coil lengths and working pressures.
Manufactured as per AS 2698.1 - 1984 (Type 30)
Each material has its own application field, attractions and particular benefits depending on working
and installation condition, equipment available and personal preference.
Polyethylene is renowned for its good resistance to chemical attacks, but the degree resistance to a
specific chemical will depends on concentration, temperature, and working pressure, each of which will
affect the life of any thermoplastic piping system.
Nominal Density : : 0.93 gm/cm3
Carbon Black content : 2.5+/-0.5%
Environment stress crack resistance F50 : >500 Hours
(10% IGEPAL SOLVENT)
Nominal Sizes : 4mm - 32mm
Working Pressure : 3.0 Bar at 20 Deg. C. (68 Deg. F )
APPLICATION :
DESIGN FEATURES & SPECIFICATION:
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE :
MANUFACTURING RANGES OF LDPE PIPES :
GENERAL PROPERTIES :
94
Flow rate
Lts per sec. 10mm 13mm 16mm 19mm 25mm 32mm
Note : Shaded Area of chart
Indicates Velocities over
1.5 m /sec. Use with caution.
AUSTRALIAN STANDARD POLYETHYLENE PIPE (ID)
PRESSURE LOSS DATA
Loss in Metres per 100M of pipe
N
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.3
2.8
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.5
6.4
7.2
9.6
12.3
15.3
18.6
26.1
34.7
44.4
55.1
67.1
80.0
94.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
N
N
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.3
3.0
3.7
4.5
6.3
8.4
10.8
13.4
16.3
19.5
22.9
30.4
39.0
48.4
58.9
89.0
-
-
-
N
N
N
N
N
N
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.2
2.9
3.7
4.6
5.6
6.6
7.8
10.4
13.2
16.5
20.0
30.3
42.4
56.4
72.2
1.0
3.5
7.4
12.6
19.1
26.7
35.6
45.5
56.6
68.8
82.1
96.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.3
1.1
2.3
4.0
6.0
8.4
11.2
14.3
17.8
21.6
25.8
30.3
35.2
40.3
45.8
60.9
78.0
97.0
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.4
0.8
1.4
2.2
3.1
4.1
5.2
6.5
7.9
9.4
11.0
12.8
14.7
16.7
22.2
28.4
35.3
42.9
60.1
80.0
-
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
9. 14 15
COIL MEASURESTABLE : FORMULA FORTHE CALCULATION OFTHE PRESSURE LOSS.:
To assist in the calculation and preparation of irrication systems it is important to know the pressure loss
in each line. There are many methods, computers and graphs for this purpose. These are two formulas
to assist in these calculations.
When there are multiple drippers or sprinklers on the line at a constant distance; it is possible to apply
a corrective factor. (F) to correct the loss in the line.
Example:
HAZEN-WILLIAMS equation
H = 1,1561 x 106 x (Q1,352 / D4,871) x L
Where H = Head loss in meters
Example:
Supposing a lateral, 120 meters long of 35mm (internal diameter) tube; 7 sprinklers are inserted on the
line, each with a Flow of 15 l/min. Therefore the overall flow is 105 l/min (1.75 l/sec).
Making use of the above table we see that if there are 7 outlets in the line we need to use a F factor of
0.408. Therefore: 11.57 x 0.408 = 4.72 meters.
This being the difference in pressure between the inlet point and the end of the tube.
making the calculation we find that H = 11.57 m.
De Marchi Marchetti equation
Q = Flow in liters per second
D = Internal diameter of the tube in mm.
L = Length of the tube in meters
Using the HAZEN WILLIAMS equation we have the following
Q = 1.75 L/S
D = 35 mm
L = 120 m
V = Velocity of flow (m/sec)
Q = Flow (Lit/Sec)
D = Internal Diameter of the Pipe (mm)
H = Head loss in meters per 100 meters
Q = Flow (Lit/Sec)
D = Internal Diameter of the Pipe (mm)
Where
Where
DESIGN DATA
Formula for the calculation of the pressure loss.
To assist in the calculation and preparation of irrication systems it is important to know the pressure loss in each line.
There are many methods, computers and graphs for this purpose. These are two formulas to assist in these calculations.
Example:
H = 1,1561 x 106
x (Q
1,352
/ D
4,871
) x L
Where H = Head loss in meters
Q = Flow in liters per second
D = Internal diameter of the tube in mm.
L = Length of the tube in meters
H =
H = Head loss in meters per 100 meters
= Flow in liters per second
= Internal diameter of the tube in mm.
Q
D
where
When there are multiple drippers or sprinklers on the line at a constant distance; it is possible to apply a corrective factor
(F) to correct the loss in the line.
Example:
Supposing a lateral, 120 meters long of 35mm (internal diameter) tube; 7 sprinklers are inserted on the line, each with a
Flow of 15 l/min. Therefore the overall flow is 105 l/min (1.75 l/sec).
Using the HAZEN WILLIAMS equation we have the following
making the calculation we find that H = 11.57 m.
Making use of the above table we see that if there are 7 outlets in the line we need to use a F factor of 0.408. Therefore:
11.57 x 0.408 = 4.72 meters.
This being the difference in pressure between the inlet point and the end of the tube.
Q = 1.75 L/S
D = 35 mm
L = 120 m
No. of drippers sprinkler in the line
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
35
40
50
100
>100
1,000
0,625
0,518
0,469
0,440
0,421
0,408
0,398
0,391
0,385
0,380
0,376
0,373
0,370
0,367
0.365
0.363
0.361
0.360
0.359
0.357
0.355
0.353
0.351
0.350
0.347
0.345
0.343
0.338
0.333
(F) factor (F) factorNo. of drippers sprinkler in the line
0.552
88913
Q
HAZEN-WILLIAMS equation Velocity of Flow
V =
V = Velocity of flow (m/sec)
Q = Flow (Lit/Sec)
D = Internal Diameter of the Pipe (mm)
1273.14 x Q
D
2
Where
De Marchi Marchetti equation
D2,65
Da/OD
(mm)
L (m) Da (mm) Di (mm) b (mm)
50 1080 900 240
100 1190 900 240
200 1300 900 280
300 1410 900 340
50 1120 900 290
100 1260 900 290
200 1400 900 370
300 1540 900 410
50 1590 1400 320
100 1760 1400 320
200 1940 1400 380
300 2200 1400 470
50 1840 1600 340
100 2050 1600 340
200 2280 1600 430
50 2180 1900 375
100 2310 1900 400
200 2440 1900 600
50 2540 2200 360
100 2700 2200 450
50 2610 2200 440
100 2800 2200 550
50 2667 2200 500
100 2883 2200 625
50 2764 2400 560
100 2967 2400 700
160
Coil Measures Table
63
75
90
110
125
Pipe Coil
32
40
50
Da/OD
(mm)
L (m) Da (mm) Di (mm) b (mm)
50 1080 900 240
100 1190 900 240
200 1300 900 280
300 1410 900 340
50 1120 900 290
100 1260 900 290
200 1400 900 370
300 1540 900 410
50 1590 1400 320
100 1760 1400 320
200 1940 1400 380
300 2200 1400 470
50 1840 1600 340
100 2050 1600 340
200 2280 1600 430
50 2180 1900 375
100 2310 1900 400
200 2440 1900 600
50 2540 2200 360
100 2700 2200 450
50 2610 2200 440
100 2800 2200 550
50 2667 2200 500
100 2883 2200 625
50 2764 2400 560
100 2967 2400 700
160
Coil Measures Table
63
75
90
110
125
Pipe Coil
32
40
50
10. 16 17
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m2
=0.204816 lb/ft2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m
2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft
2
=0.0929m
2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
CONVERSIONTABLE :
OTHER CONVERSION FACTORS :
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Enter at left hand column and
read horizontally
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m
2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft
2
=0.0929m
2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m
2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm
2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd
2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm
2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH
2
O mH
2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m
2
1ft
2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
DESIGN DATA
99
Conversion Table
Pressure, liquid head, stress
Other conversion factors
length
mass per unit area
density (mass/unit volume)
mass per unit time
force
torque
temperature
thermal expansion
work, energy, heat (1j=1W.s)
power, heat flow rate
intensity of heat flow
thermal conductance (c value)
thermal conductance (k value)
calorific value
thermal capacity
area
volume
velocity, speed
acceleration
flow
mass
mass per unit length
Enter at left hand column and read horizontally
kPa
kPa
lbf/in
2
(PSI)
kgf/cm2
ftH2
O
mH
2
O
inHg
mmHg
1
6.895
98.067
2.984
9.789
3.386
0.133
0.145
1
14.22
0.433
1.42
0.491
0.019
0.0102
0.0703
1
0.0305
0.1
0.035
0.0014
0.335
2.307
32.808
1
3.28
1.135
0.045
0.102
0.703
10.0
0.305
1
0.346
0.014
0.295
2.036
28.96
0.881
2.896
1
0.039
7.501
51.71
735.6
22.38
73.55
25.4
1
1 lb/ft
2
1 lb/ft3
1 kg/m
3
1t/m
3
1 kg/m
2
1 g/m
2
=4.882 43 kg/m
2
=0.204816 lb/ft
2
=0.029 494 oz/yd2
=0.003 277 06 oz/ft
2
=33.9057 g/m2
=305.152 g/m
2
=16.0185 kg/m
3
=0.062 428 lb/ft
3
=1.685 56 lb/yd
3
=0.752 48 ton/yd
3
=0.593 278 kg/m
3
=1.328 94 t/m
3
=0.453 592 kg/s =2.204 62 lb/s
=0.984 207 ton/h=1.016 05t/h
=4.448 N =0.225 lb force
=224.81 lb force
=0.102 kg force
=101.97 kg force
=0.0044 kN
=9.807 N
=0.0098 kN
=1.3558 N.m =0.7376 lbf.ft
=0.10197 kgf.m=9.8067 N.m
1 oz/yd2
1 lb/yd
3
1 ton/yd
3
1 lb/s
1 lb force
1 lbf.ft
˚F
1 in/ft
1 kWh
1Btu
1ft.lbf
1 hp
1 kW
1 W1 Btu/h
1 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
1 Btu/(ft2.
h
.
˚F)
1 Btu/(ft
.
h.
˚F)
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/ft
3
1 Btu/lb
.
˚F) 1 kJ/(kg
.
k)
1 kJ/(m3.
k)1 Btu/ft
3
˚F)
=37.2589 kJ/m3
=67.1066 kJ/(m
3.
k) =0.014 910 7 Btu/(ft
3.
˚F)
=0.238 846 Btu/(lb
.
˚F)=4.1868 kJ/(kg.k)
=2.326 kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg
1 kJ/m3
=0.176 110 Btu/(ft
2.
h
.
˚F)
=0.577 789 Btu/(ft.
h.
˚F)
=0.429 923 Btu/lb
=0.026 839 Btu/ft3
1 W/m
2
1 ft.lbf/s
1 mm/m
1 MJ
1 kJ
1 J
=0.012 in/ft
=0.277 778 kWh
=0.947 817 Btu
=0.737 562 ft.lbf
=83.33 mm/m
=3.6 MJ
=1.055 06 kJ
=1055 06 J
=1.355 82 J
=0.745 700 kW
=1.341 02 hp
=3.412 14 Btu/h
=0.737 562 ft/lbf/s
=745.700 W
=0.293 071 W
=1.355 82 W
=3.154 59 W/m
2
=5.678 26 W/(m2.
k)
=1.730 73 W/(m
.
k)
1 W/(m2.
k)
1 W/(m.
k)
=0.316 998 Btu/(ft
2.
h)
˚C+32 (˚F+32)˚C= =
=K-273.15
9
95
5
/ /
1 N.m
1 kgf.m
1 N
1 N
1 kN
1 kN
1 kg force
1 kg/s
1t/h1 ton/h
1 oz/ft
2
lbf/in
2
kgf/cm
2
ftH2
O mH2
O inHg mmHg(PSI)
100kPa = 1 bar = 0.1 Mpa = 0.1N/mm2
100kPa = 14.5 psi
1in
1in2
1mm2
1m2
1ft2
1km
2
1 US gal 1L
1 mm3
1 m
3
1 imp gal
1 in3
1 ft
3
1 ft/s
1 ft/s2
1 US gal/min 1 L/s
1L/s
1L/s
1 m3
/s
1m3
/h
1m
3
/h
1m3
/h
1 imp gal/min
1 ft
3
/min
1 lb
1 lb/ft 1 kg/m =0.672 lb/ft
1 kg
1 t
=2.205 lb
=0.9842 ton1 ton
1 ounce, troy
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 km/h
1 mile/h
1hectare
1ft
1mm
1m
=25.4mm
=0.3048m
=0.039 37 in
=3.280 84 ft
=304.8mm
=645.16mm
2
=0.00155 in
2
=10.7639 ft2
=0.0929m2
=2.471054 acres
=10,000 m2
=0.3861 mile
2
=3.785 L =0.2642 US gal
=0.2200 imp gal
=61 x 10.6 in3
=35.3147ft
3
=4.5461 L
=16387mm
3
=0.0283m
3
=0.3048 m/s =3.280 84ft/s
=3.280 84ft/s2
=2.236 94 mile/h
=0.621 371 mile/h
=1.609 344 km/h
=0.447 04 m/s
=0.3048 m/s
2
=0.063 L/s =15.85 US gal/min
=15850 US gal/min
=4.403 US gal/min
=13.2 imp gal/min
=3.666 imp gal/min
=2.1189 ft3
/min
=0.5886 ft
3
/min
=63.0915 X 106
m
3
/s
=0.2271m
3
/h
=0.2728 m
3
/h
=1.699 m3
/h
=0.454 kg
=1.488 kg/m
=1.0160 t
= 31.103 grams
=0.076 L/s
=0.472 L/s
