MASLOWS THEORY

1. MASLOW’S THEORY OF
HIERARCHY
Presenter
Yatheesh Bharadwaj H S
1st Mphil PSW Trainee

2. Abraham Maslow
• American psychologist (1908-
1970)
• Father of Humanistic approach
• Contributions :
1. Humanistic psychology
2. Peak and plateau experiences
3. Theory of motivation
4. Theory of hierarchy of needs

3. After World War II, many
psychologists dissatisfied
with behaviorism
self, self-actualization, health, creativity, intrinsic
nature, being, becoming, individuality,
Humanistic Psychology as the “Third
Force”

4. • To understand what motivates people.
• He believed that people possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to
rewards or unconscious desires.
• people are motivated to achieve certain needs, which are unchanging and
genetic in origin.
• These needs are also the same all cultures and are both physiological and
psychological.

5. A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION (1943)
The integrated wholeness of the individual is the foundation of
motivation
It is a never- ending process.
• Satisfied needs do not motivate. Only unsatisfied needs motivate
Any behavior must be understood through the lens of what need or
needs it satisfies
Needs are hierarchical – (ordering of needs)
 When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one,
and so on.

6. remains valid today for understanding human motivation,
management training, and personal development.
Comparing to life cycle – from a newborn baby to an adult.
According to him if people grew in an environment in which their
needs are not met, they will be unlikely to function as healthy
individuals or well-adjusted individuals.

7. Deficiency needs
• motivate people
when they are
unmet
• become stronger
the longer the
duration they are
denied.
• (psychological,
safety, social)
Growth needs
• To develop
• Self esteem
• self-actualization
needs

9. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
• Need at the bottom and the basic need
• Physiological needs are biological needs.
• Human beings need for sleep and rest, food, drink, shelter, sex and
oxygen.

10. SAFETY NEEDS
Second level of needs.
Activated after physiological needs are met.
Environment free from any threats or harms.
Can achieve by affects perception, job talk, deprivation and
pathology. protection from elements, security, order, law, stability,
freedom from fear.

11. SOCIAL NEEDS
• third level of needs.
• activated after safety needs are met.
• refer to the need to be affiliated that is (the needed to be loved and
accepted by other people).
• friendship, intimacy, affection and love, from work group, family,
friends, romantic relationships.

12. ESTEEM NEEDS
• Represents the fourth level of needs.
• It includes the need for self-respect and approval of others achievements.
• achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-
respect, respect from others
• young adults are concerned with esteem

13. SELF-ACTUALIZATION
last level at the top.
from Kurt Goldstein  coin the term “self-actualization”.
refers to the need to become all that one is capable of being to develop ones
fullest potential.
represent valuable assets
only more mature people transcend the first four levels to spend much time self
actualizing.
realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences

14. Conti…
• Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy
toward a level of self-actualization.
• Unfortunately, progress is often disrupted by failure to meet lower
level needs. Life experiences including divorce and loss of job may
cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy.
• Maslow noted only one in a hundred people become fully self-
actualized because our society rewards motivation primarily based on
esteem, love and other social needs.

15. Qualities of person with self actualization
keen sense of reality
see problems in terms of challenges & works on solutions
need for privacy and comfortable being alone
 reliant on own experiences
judgment -independent - not reliant on culture and environment to
form opinions
embracing and enjoying all cultures, races

16. socially compassionate
possessing humanity accepting others as they are and not
trying to change people comfortable with oneself
natural - true to oneself, rather than being how others want
excited
interested in everything, even ordinary things creative,
inventive and original seek peak experiences that leave a
lasting impression

17. • Needs expanded to cognitive and aesthetic needs (Maslow, 1970a) and
later transcendence needs (Maslow, 1970b).
• Cognitive needs- knowledge, meaning, etc.
• Aesthetic needs - appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.
• Transcendence needs - helping others to achieve self-actualization.

19. Conclusion
Abraham maslow’s theory is still valid. The human needs are
numerous, they use preferences or choices in the order of the needs.
Higher degree of needs can be met only after the fulfilment of the
lower and the basic needs. Various fields utilizes this theory to
understand the needs of the people.

20. References
1. Kaur Avneet , Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: Applications and
Criticisms, Global Journal of Management and Business Studies.
ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 10 (2013), pp. 1061-1064
2. McLeod Saul , Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2007
3. Dr. Azizi Hj. Yahaya, Abraham Maslow: The Needs Hierachy,
Universiti Teknology Malaysia
4. Nedra H. Francis,A Brief Analysis of Abraham Maslow’s Original
Writing of Self-Actualizing People: A Study of Psychological Health
5. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological
Review, 50(4), 370-396.