Strategies for Effective Oral Delivery. Strategies for Effective Non-verbal Delivery. Strategies for Removing Stage Fright.

2.  ZUBAIR AFZAL 52-FMS/BSAF/S-16
 ADIL RIAZ 59–FMS/BSAF/S-16
PRESENTED TO
Sir Umer Khan & Class Fellows

3.  Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery.
 Strategies for Effective Non-verbal
Delivery.
 Strategies for Removing Stage
Fright.

4. VOCAL CUES
 Vocal Cues:-A voice communicates a great deal more
than words alone. A presenter’s voice is a potentially
powerful tool to make an oral delivery effective and
impressive.
 The quality of a speaker's voice is determined by four
characteristics: Pitch, Volume, Rate, and Tone.

5. A voice that is pleasing and easy to listen to is
mellow, meaning it is rich in tone and sounds
fully mature. It is moderate; the pitch is not too
low or too high, volume is not too loud or too
soft, and the rate of speech is neither too fast
nor too slow.

6.  The term pitch refers to the degree of
highness or lowness of a sound.
 The norm for an effective communicator is a
pitch that can be raised a few levels without
sounding squeaky and lowered a few levels
without sounding grumbly.
 Such a range allows a speaker to vary pitch
for contrast while maintaining a vocal quality
that is pleasing to the ear.

7.  An effective presenter uses pitch changes to
indicate a change in the message. At the end
of a sentence, dropping the pitch signifies a
statement; raising the pitch signifies a
question.

8.  Listeners want to clearly hear a speaker
without straining to do so and without being
blasted out of their chairs.
 A presenter who speaks too loudly may be
perceived as bombastic, aggressive, or
insensitive to listeners.
 On the other hand, one who speaks too softly
may convey the impression of being passive
or insecure.
 An audience is more attentive to a point that
is stated at a lower (but still clearly audible)
volume.

9.  Take a Guess: How many words do you speak in a
minute?
 Most communication experts suggest that a public
speaker lies between 80-160 words per minute.
 In more casual conversation some people may range
from 80-250 words per minute.
 An average rate of speech is 140 words per minute.
 For emphasis, a speaker may periodically slow down to
less than 100 words per minute to voice a point in a
purposeful manner.
 To elevate the level of energy or quickly convey a point
of lesser importance, a speaker may occasionally
accelerate the rate to more than 170 words per minute.

10.  A consistently slow rate of speech conveys
fatigue (‫)تھکاوٹ‬ or disinterest.
 Presenters who consistently speak at a rapid
rate may be perceived to be nervous,
impatient, or hurried.

11.  The quality of tone is a combination of
1. Pitch,
2. Strength,
3. Character.
 Character refers to “the sense or meaning a
particular tone conveys”.
 For example, a tone of voice may be
described as gentle(‫,)نرم‬ angry,
sarcastic (‫ہ‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫نز‬َ‫ط‬), or serious.

12.  The tone of voice with which a speaker
expresses a point says more to an audience
than the words themselves.
 A faltering tone of voice is perceived as
confused.
 A harsh tone of voice as aggressive.

13.  The term speech pattern refers to any vocal
trait that is habitual.
 Although usually learned behavior, speech
pattern are sometimes a reflection of a
psychological or emotional condition.
 A person who repeatedly voices the phrase
like “you know" may have acquired the habit
from a peer group or the pattern may signal
that the person is nervous when speaking
before a group.

14.  The speech pattern with which presenters are
most concerned are
1. Inflection
2. Articulation,
3. Fillers,
4. Pauses,

15.  Proper inflection is the practice of altering the
tone and/or pitch of voice to more clearly
express or magnify meaning.
 It is an effective communication technique
that can help to sustain audience attention
and make a message more memorable.
 Proper inflection is a speech pattern of skilled
speakers who deliver each point in just the
right pitch and tone that exactly conveys the
conveys of the information, how the speaker
feels about the point, or how the speaker
wants the audience to feel in response.

16.  Articulation is the skill of speaking in clear
syllables.
 Articulate speech is characterized by correct
pronunciation.
 More articulate speech is developed by
listening to articulate speakers and follow
their speech patterns, checking a dictionary
when in doubt about the pronunciation of a
word.

17.  Mumbling (‫)بڑبڑانا‬ is a speech pattern lacking
articulation.
 Speakers who mumble do not convey vocal
vitality, they lose the advantage that skillful
inflection adds to a presentation, and they
may be perceived as disinterested or timid.

18.  One of the more distracting patterns of
speech is the use of fillers unnecessary words
or phrases that are repeatedly interjected into
a message.
 Expressions such as "uh," "um”, "you know,"
"basically, add no meaning.
 Fillers interrupt the continuity of
communication.
 They signal uncertainty or nervousness on
the part of a speaker who tries (often
unconsciously) to fill up every silence with
sound.

20.  Speak in shorter sentences.
 Avoid run-on sentences that string together
several phrases joined by conjunctions.
Speakers who make excessive use of
conjunctions are more likely to develop a
habit of attaching a filler to every
conjunction, as in "and um" or "but uh.“
 Pause to breathe.
 Practice alternate words and phrases that can
be used in place of fillers, such as
"in addition," "on that point," and "however."

21.  At one time, a soft drink was advertised with
the slogan, “The pause that refreshes.“
 Pauses in a presentation can have the same
effect.
 While a presenter is speaking, the audience is
working at listening. A moment of silence
gives listeners an opportunity to digest what
they have heard.
 Pauses help a speaker avoid the use of fillers.
 They can serve to slow a too-rapid rate of
speech.

22.  Intentional pauses can add importance to a
message.
 Inserted after a key point or after a
particularly striking or insightful statement, a
pause allows the audience a moment to
reflect.
 For Example, "The right word," Mark Twain
noted, "may be effective, but no word was
ever as effective as a rightly timed pause."

23. Things Conveys the Effective non verbal Delivery
 Gestures
 Postures
 Movement
 Facial Expressions
 Appearance / Attire
 Eye Contact

24.  At a simplistic level “ any movement of the
Hands, Arms, Head, Shoulders” are termed as
Gestures.
 Appropriate gestures give physical
expression to the spoken word.
 They are symbolic in nature, in that the
meaning of many gestures is commonly
understood among members of the same
culture.

25. For Example
When a person responds to a question
by shrugging the shoulders? In the United
States, the gesture indicates, "I don't know." It
could mean differently in a different country.

26. Hand and Arm Gestures are used for Several
reasons:
 To Point: The index fingers calls attention,
indicating either locations or directions.
 To Reject: a sample phrase show this gesture
would be “I can’t believe the actions of our
competitors”. Here the hand go to side in act of
Rejection.
 To Describe : Clearly, though your hands cannot
give the precise picture of the idea or thing you are
speaking about, even an approximation of size is
important.

28.  The position in which someone holds their
body when standing or sitting.
 Good posture is an attribute that contributes
to a speaker’s presence.
 When you stand Straight and Balance your
weight on both feet, you give the impression
of complete control.
 When draped over a Rostrum with your
shoulder sagging , you give the feeling of
Depression , lack of control.

30.  Taking a few steps during a presentation
helps holds attention, as does any moving
object.
 When a speaker doesn't move. People in the
audience don't move their heads, their eyes,
or their position while seated.
 Remaining Still for long is Boring, and the last
thing a presenter wants to create is the
impression of being Boring.

31.  Head Movement
 Body Movement
 Head Movement:
 Nodding the head up and down communicates
affirmation.
 Shaking the head side to side signifies disagreement.
 Cocking the head to the side signals that a person is
thinking.

32.  Body Movement:
 Body movement adds more than expressiveness to a
presentation.
 Movement suggests that a speaker is at ease comfortable,
and confident in the presentation environment.
 By moving alternately to both right and left sides of the
platform and forward toward the audience, a speaker can
better make meaningful eye contact and convey connection
with the audience.

34.  From facial expressions, an audience derives
a sense of how a presenter feels about a
point and about them.
 A smile or a laugh suggests that your topic
interests you.
 A frown may convey non-verbal expressions
that you are worried, angry, or ill.

35.  Making eye contact with people in an
audience is important because it sends a
signal that the speaker is connecting with
them.
 Attention to eye contact forces a presenter to
become sufficiently prepared so as not to be
dependent on reading from notes.
 Meaningful eye contact distinguishes
relational presenters from information-bound
speakers.

36.  How you look and what you wear affect
listeners.
 It is the first and most visible thing an
audience sees and something they view
throughout a presentation.

37. The guidelines described below are consistent
with the standards commonly accepted by
successful professionals:
 Refrain(‫)بچنا‬ from overdressing or under
dressing.
 Few accessories should be worn.
 Hair should be clean and neatly styled.
 Clothing of very bold or bright colors should
be avoided.

39. There are two types of people in the world:
1) Those who love speaking in public and
2) Those who are scared stiff at the thought of
it.
 Performance anxiety and stage fright are
perfectly normal phenomena that occur to
many people.
 It is important for you to understand what
stage fright is, so that you can fully overcome
it.

40.  Stage fright or performance anxiety is a
persistent phobia which is aroused in an
individual when required to perform in front
of an audience.

41.  Know Your Stuff:
 Know your content, your speech and more importantly
your audience. If you know what you are talking about
then you have no reason to be nervous.
 Practice, Practice, Practice:
◦ You need to practice as much as you can before the
performance .
◦ Really know your content inside out and practice
(preferably in front of a live audience) as much as
possible to build your confidence.

42.  Talk Yourself Down:
 You need to realize that even though stage fright is “all in
the mind,” the fear manifests itself in physical ways. The
best offence is to change your negative talk. Stop worrying
about, “What if I forget the content?”
 Change that into positive talk like, “What if I am great at
this?” It may sound simplistic or too easy, but positive
affirmation will go a long way in reducing stage fright
when speaking in public.
 Wallow in the Worst:
 If you can’t calm yourself down with positive talk, then
maybe it is time you thought about the worst case
scenario. Once you do this, you’ll realize that the worst
case scenario isn’t really that bad. This might help calm
your nerves.

43.  It is Not All about You:
 Though you might feel like everyone is out to laugh, criticize or
judge you, that is not the case. Get over the feeling that the
world is going to hang on your every mistake.
 Focus on your speech, audience and what they deserve from
you. This will ease the pressure that is already accumulating.
 Keep Calm, Don’t Rush It:
 Don’t rush your presentation. Start slow and allow yourself time
to get into a comfortable pace. You need time to get used to
the audience and the audience also needs time to get used to
you.
 Focus on Getting Through the First 5 Minutes:
◦ Imagine your entire presentation is only five minutes long.
This will make it less stressful. Focus on just getting
through the first five minutes and by this time you will
have already calmed down and the rest is downhill.

44.  Never Apologize for Being Nervous:
 Three quarters of the time, no one will notice you are
nervous. Why tell them? You may feel yourself shaking
and shivering, but your audience might not be aware of
it. Don’t mention it. It will make your audience nervous
too and they will be too worried about your performance
to get much out of your presentation.
 Don’t Share Your Mistakes:
 You have prepared, practiced and feel good about your
speech or presentation. Suddenly, on stage you realize
you mixed the order of topics or you forgot an important
point. But remember, you’re the only one who knows
about this. Your audience doesn’t. So, don’t make them
aware of a mistake that they didn’t even know existed. If
you bring it up, some people might start looking for
more holes, which ultimately distracts from the whole
purpose of your presentation in the first place.

45.  Arrive Early:
 Obviously, if you are late, this will only increase your
anxiety. Arrive early and acclimate to your
surroundings. You can even check out the stage and the
auditorium as get yourself used to the environment.
 Stretch:
 If you are nervous, odds are your body will be stiff and
your muscles tight. Fifteen minutes before speaking in
public and going on stage, do a few stretches. This will
loosen the tense muscles and relax your body.
 Breathe:
 Nervousness is always accompanied by fast, short
breaths and if this is not addressed, it will throw you off
balance. Minutes before you go on stage, take some
slow, deep breaths, so that by the time you get to the
stage your breathing is relaxed.

46.  Double Check Everything:
 Do you have a laptop or notes? Check that everything
works. When you walk on stage and suddenly realize that
you forgot your notes, it’s too late. Of course, your nerves
will take over. Know your speech or presentation so well
that should this happen, you can continue without a hitch.
 Don’t Fight Your Stage Fright … Work With It:
 You have to expect and accept the fact that you will feel
worried, especially the first few minutes of your
presentation. The more you resist your anxiety, the more
it will work against you. Again, focus on the presentation
when speaking in public and the anxiety will slowly ease
off.