Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate

•

0 likes•30 views

Zachary Labe is a postdoc researcher at NOAA GFDL and Princeton University who studies climate variability and change. His research uses tools like artificial intelligence and climate models to disentangle the signal of climate change from natural weather noise. He conducts field work including Arctic expeditions and uses supercomputers to run complex climate models that generate huge amounts of data.

Science

RESEARCHING AND
COMMUNICATING
OUR CHANGING CLIMATE
@ZLabe
Zachary M. Labe
Postdoc in Seasonal-to-Decadal Variability
& Predictability Division at NOAA GFDL
and AOS at Princeton University
6 December 2023
Mercer County
Community College
https://zacklabe.com/

Zack Labe
Pioneer Coal Mine Blue Whale of Catoosa Centralia Underground Fire Roadside America Greenland Sea (81°N)
Enjoy: roadside oddities, diners, and horror movies
Hobbies: gardening, #scicomm ( @ZLabe), hiking, traveling to lighthouses
Graduate work: Arctic – midlatitude climate variability (sea-ice changes)
Recent work: using AI to detect patterns of climate variability/change
Now at GFDL I am thinking about: detection and attribution of extreme events
Hometown – Linglestown,
Pennsylvania
BSc – Atmospheric Science
at Cornell University
PhD – Earth System Science
at UC Irvine
Postdoc – climate variability
using AI at Colorado State U.
Postdoc – climate change
and AI at Princeton/GFDL
he/him

The signal (climate change)
The noise (weather)
MY RESEARCH
DISENTANGLES

…using tools like artificial intelligence and climate models to understand global climate change
The signal (climate change)
The noise (weather)
MY RESEARCH
DISENTANGLES

https://www.ornl.gov/news/ornl-noaa-launch-new-supercomputer-climate-science-research
Home Laptop – 2,000,000,000 instructions per second
Supercomputer – 5,000,000,000,000,000 instructions per second

Adapted from: Kotamarthi, R., Hayhoe, K., Mearns, L., Wuebbles, D., Jacobs, J., & Jurado, J.
(2021). Global Climate Models. In Downscaling Techniques for High-Resolution Climate
Projections: From Global Change to Local Impacts (pp. 19-39). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. doi:10.1017/9781108601269.003
CLIMATE MODELS
Horizontal Grid
Vertical Levels
Past/Present/Future
Fully-Coupled System
20-40 Petabytes of data

Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-CT) - Time to Wake Up: Climate Progress Speech (3/21/2018)

PLOT BY ED HAWKINS
DON’T BE
SUCH A
SCIENTIST
WE ARE
DATA
SCIENTISTS

Similar to Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate

Energy and the Polar Environment: A Focus on Middle School

The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology

Petrides_Resume

Konstantinos Petrides

Contrasting polar climate change in the past, present, and future

Zachary Labe

Using NASA Data to Improve Young Adults' Climate and Science Literacy

danieloostra

Global Warming and the Polar Regions

The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology

Cyberscience, Software Engineering & Automated Workflows in Geoscience: Persp...

EarthCube

The first earthquake site assessments in alberta canada

Ali Osman Öncel

23 November 2022… GFDL Lunchtime Seminar Series Creating visualizations of complex data structures and patterns is an important part of our jobs. We use figures for journal publications, presentations, posters, lab group meetings, science communication, and more. However, creating suitable figures for the task can sometimes be an afterthought during the extensive scientific process. In this seminar, I’ll share examples from climate science to discuss a network of resources available for designing accessible figures in both publications and presentations by leveraging resources that support open science practices. I will also share examples of what not to do, which goes beyond only considering interpretable colormaps, and how to improve these figures moving forward. Finally, by using global mean surface temperature as a case study, I will share some creative instances of using data visualization as a form of storytelling for communicating climate change.

Using data visualization for accessible science (communication)

Zachary Labe

5 October 2023… Atmosphere and Ocean Climate Dynamics Seminar (Presentation): Using explainable machine learning to evaluate climate change projections, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Remote Presentation. References... Labe, Z.M., E.A. Barnes, and J.W. Hurrell (2023). Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations. Environmental Research Letters, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a

Using explainable machine learning to evaluate climate change projections

Zachary Labe

Curriculum Vitae

Ben Toms

Why Do We Need Web Science Research?

webscikorea

Summer 2016 Alumni Newsletter

Tori Dreyer

Ivc 05142019 z_labe_slide_share

Zachary Labe

Similar to Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate (13)

Energy and the Polar Environment: A Focus on Middle School

Petrides_Resume

Contrasting polar climate change in the past, present, and future

Using NASA Data to Improve Young Adults' Climate and Science Literacy

Global Warming and the Polar Regions

Cyberscience, Software Engineering & Automated Workflows in Geoscience: Persp...

The first earthquake site assessments in alberta canada

Using data visualization for accessible science (communication)

Using explainable machine learning to evaluate climate change projections

Curriculum Vitae

Why Do We Need Web Science Research?

Summer 2016 Alumni Newsletter

Ivc 05142019 z_labe_slide_share

More from Zachary Labe

Welcome to GFDL for Take Your Child To Work Day

Zachary Labe

Labe, Z.M., T.L. Delworth, N.C. Johnson, and W.F. Cooke. Explainable AI for distinguishing future climate change scenarios, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria (Apr 2024). Abstract... https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-9110.html References... Labe, Z.M., T.L. Delworth, N.C. Johnson, and W.F. Cooke (2024). Exploring a data-driven approach to identify regions of change associated with future climate scenarios. (submitted; preprint - https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171288901.17027965/v1)

Explainable AI for distinguishing future climate change scenarios

Zachary Labe

10 May 2024… Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Student/Postdoc Seminar (Presentation): Reexamining future projections of Arctic climate linkages, Princeton University, USA. References... Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2018), Contributions of ice thickness to the atmospheric response from projected Arctic sea ice loss, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2018GL078158 Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2019). The effect of QBO phase on the atmospheric response to projected Arctic sea ice loss in early winter, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2019GL083095 Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2020). Warm Arctic, cold Siberia pattern: role of full Arctic amplification versus sea ice loss alone, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2020GL088583 Labe, Z.M., May 2020: The effects of Arctic sea-ice thickness loss and stratospheric variability on mid-latitude cold spells. University of California, Irvine. Doctoral Dissertation. Peings, Y., Z.M. Labe, and G. Magnusdottir (2021), Are 100 ensemble members enough to capture the remote atmospheric response to +2°C Arctic sea ice loss? Journal of Climate, DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0613.1

Reexamining future projections of Arctic climate linkages

Zachary Labe

Techniques and Considerations for Improving Accessibility in Online Media

Zachary Labe

26 March 2024… GFDL Polar Climate Interest Group (Presentation): An intro to explainable AI for polar climate science, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ. References: Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2022), Comparison of climate model large ensembles with observations in the Arctic using simple neural networks. Earth and Space Science, DOI:10.1029/2022EA002348, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002348 Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2021), Detecting climate signals using explainable AI with single-forcing large ensembles. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, DOI:10.1029/2021MS002464, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021MS002464

An intro to explainable AI for polar climate science

Zachary Labe

Water in a Frozen Arctic: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives

Zachary Labe

27 March 2024… IARPC Collaborations, Modelers’ Community of Practice (Presentation): Explainable AI approach for evaluating climate models in the Arctic. Remote Presentation. References... Labe, Z. M., & Barnes, E. A. (2022). Comparison of climate model large ensembles with observations in the Arctic using simple neural networks. Earth and Space Science, 9(7), e2022EA002348, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002348

Explainable AI approach for evaluating climate models in the Arctic

Zachary Labe

12 March 2024… Sharing Science – North American Webinar, Young Earth System Scientists (YESS) Community (Presentation): Explainable neural networks for evaluating patterns of climate change and variability. Remote Presentation. References... Labe, Z.M., E.A. Barnes, and J.W. Hurrell (2023). Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations. Environmental Research Letters, DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a

Explainable neural networks for evaluating patterns of climate change and var...

Zachary Labe

23 February 2024… Department of Environmental Sciences Seminar (Presentation): Applications of machine learning for climate change and variability, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. References: Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2021), Detecting climate signals using explainable AI with single-forcing large ensembles. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, DOI:10.1029/2021MS002464 Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2022), Predicting slowdowns in decadal climate warming trends with explainable neural networks. Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2022GL098173 Labe, Z. M., Johnson, N. C., & Delworth, T. L. (2024). Changes in United States summer temperatures revealed by explainable neural networks. Earth's Future, DOI:10.1029/2023EF003981

Applications of machine learning for climate change and variability

Zachary Labe

data-driven approach to identifying key regions of change associated with fut...

Zachary Labe

Distinguishing the regional emergence of United States summer temperatures be...

Zachary Labe

16 November 2023… Department Seminar (Presentation): Revisiting projections of Arctic climate change linkages, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. Remote Presentation. References: Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2018), Contributions of ice thickness to the atmospheric response from projected Arctic sea ice loss, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI: 10.1029/2018GL078158 Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2019). The effect of QBO phase on the atmospheric response to projected Arctic sea ice loss in early winter, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083095 Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2020). Warm Arctic, cold Siberia pattern: role of full Arctic amplification versus sea ice loss alone, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI: 10.1029/2020GL088583 Peings, Y., Z.M. Labe, and G. Magnusdottir (2021), Are 100 ensemble members enough to capture the remote atmospheric response to +2°C Arctic sea ice loss? Journal of Climate, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0613.1 Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2022), Comparison of climate model large ensembles with observations in the Arctic using simple neural networks. Earth and Space Science, DOI: 10.1029/2022EA002348

Revisiting projections of Arctic climate change linkages

Zachary Labe

18 November 2023… NJ State Museum Planetarium (Presentation): Visualizing climate change through data, Trenton, NJ. References... Eischeid, J.K., M.P. Hoerling, X.-W. Quan, A. Kumar, J. Barsugli, Z.M. Labe, K.E. Kunkel, C.J. Schreck III, D.R. Easterling, T. Zhang, J. Uehling, and X. Zhang (2023). Why has the summertime central U.S. warming hole not disappeared? Journal of Climate, DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0716.1, https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/36/20/JCLI-D-22-0716.1.xml

Visualizing climate change through data

Zachary Labe

11 September 2023… Hershey Horticulture Society (Presentation): Climate change extremes by season in the United States, Hershey, PA, USA. References... Eischeid, J.K., M.P. Hoerling, X.-W. Quan, A. Kumar, J. Barsugli, Z.M. Labe, K.E. Kunkel, C.J. Schreck III, D.R. Easterling, T. Zhang, J. Uehling, and X. Zhang (2023). Why has the summertime central U.S. warming hole not disappeared? Journal of Climate, DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0716.1 Labe, Z.M., T.R. Ault, and R. Zurita-Milla (2016), Identifying Anomalously Early Spring Onsets in the CESM Large Ensemble Project, R. Clim Dyn, DOI:10.1007/s00382-016-3313-2 Labe, Z.M., N.C. Johnson, and T.L Delworth (2023). Changes in United States summer temperatures revealed by explainable neural networks. Preprint. DOI: 10.22541/essoar.168987129.98069596/v1

Climate change extremes by season in the United States

Zachary Labe

22 August 2023… Guest lecture for “Introduction to Global Climate Change (ESS 15)” (Invited): Our changing Arctic in the past and future, University of California, Irvine, CA. Remote Presentation. References... Delworth, T. L., Cooke, W. F., Adcroft, A., Bushuk, M., Chen, J. H., Dunne, K. A., ... & Zhao, M. (2020). SPEAR: The next generation GFDL modeling system for seasonal to multidecadal prediction and projection. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(3), e2019MS001895, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019MS001895 Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2022), Comparison of climate model large ensembles with observations in the Arctic using simple neural networks. Earth and Space Science, DOI:10.1029/2022EA002348, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002348 Labe, Z.M., Y. Peings, and G. Magnusdottir (2020). Warm Arctic, cold Siberia pattern: role of full Arctic amplification versus sea ice loss alone, Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2020GL088583, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL088583

Guest Lecture: Our changing Arctic in the past and future

Zachary Labe

Climate Projections - What Really is Business as Usual?

Zachary Labe

Sea Ice Anomalies

Zachary Labe

Techniques and Considerations for Improving Accessibility in Online Media

Zachary Labe

14 April 2023… Resnick Young Investigators Symposium (Invited Presentation): Creative machine learning approaches for climate change detection, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), USA. https://resnick.caltech.edu/events/resnick-symposium/2023-symposium References: Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2021), Detecting climate signals using explainable AI with single-forcing large ensembles. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, DOI:10.1029/2021MS002464 Labe, Z.M. and E.A. Barnes (2022), Predicting slowdowns in decadal climate warming trends with explainable neural networks. Geophysical Research Letters, DOI:10.1029/2022GL098173 Po-Chedley, S., J.T. Fasullo, N. Siler, Z.M. Labe, E.A. Barnes, C.J.W. Bonfils, and B.D. Santer (2022). Internal variability and forcing influence model-satellite differences in the rate of tropical tropospheric warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI:10.1073/pnas.2209431119

Creative machine learning approaches for climate change detection

Zachary Labe

Telling data-driven climate stories

Zachary Labe

More from Zachary Labe (20)

Welcome to GFDL for Take Your Child To Work Day

Explainable AI for distinguishing future climate change scenarios

Reexamining future projections of Arctic climate linkages

Techniques and Considerations for Improving Accessibility in Online Media

An intro to explainable AI for polar climate science

Water in a Frozen Arctic: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives

Explainable AI approach for evaluating climate models in the Arctic

Explainable neural networks for evaluating patterns of climate change and var...

Applications of machine learning for climate change and variability

data-driven approach to identifying key regions of change associated with fut...

Distinguishing the regional emergence of United States summer temperatures be...

Revisiting projections of Arctic climate change linkages

Visualizing climate change through data

Climate change extremes by season in the United States

Guest Lecture: Our changing Arctic in the past and future

Climate Projections - What Really is Business as Usual?

Sea Ice Anomalies

Techniques and Considerations for Improving Accessibility in Online Media

Creative machine learning approaches for climate change detection

Telling data-driven climate stories

Recently uploaded

Within the uncertainties of involved astronomical and biological parameters, the Drake Equation typically predicts that there should be many exoplanets in our galaxy hosting active, communicative civilizations (ACCs). These optimistic calculations are however not supported by evidence, which is often referred to as the Fermi Paradox. Here, we elaborate on this long-standing enigma by showing the importance of planetary tectonic style for biological evolution. We summarize growing evidence that a prolonged transition from Mesoproterozoic active single lid tectonics (1.6 to 1.0 Ga) to modern plate tectonics occurred in the Neoproterozoic Era (1.0 to 0.541 Ga), which dramatically accelerated emergence and evolution of complex species. We further suggest that both continents and oceans are required for ACCs because early evolution of simple life must happen in water but late evolution of advanced life capable of creating technology must happen on land. We resolve the Fermi Paradox (1) by adding two additional terms to the Drake Equation: foc (the fraction of habitable exoplanets with significant continents and oceans) and fpt (the fraction of habitable exoplanets with significant continents and oceans that have had plate tectonics operating for at least 0.5 Ga); and (2) by demonstrating that the product of foc and fpt is very small (< 0.00003–0.002). We propose that the lack of evidence for ACCs reflects the scarcity of long-lived plate tectonics and/or continents and oceans on exoplanets with primitive life.

The importance of continents, oceans and plate tectonics for the evolution of...

Sérgio Sacani

Hadean zircons provide a potential record of Earth's earliest subduction 4.3 billion years ago. Itremains enigmatic how subduction could be initiated so soon after the presumably Moon‐forming giant impact(MGI). Earlier studies found an increase in Earth's core‐mantle boundary (CMB) temperature due to theaccumulation of the impactor's core, and our recent work shows Earth's lower mantle remains largely solid, withsome of the impactor's mantle potentially surviving as the large low‐shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs). Here,we show that a hot post‐impact CMB drives the initiation of strong mantle plumes that can induce subductioninitiation ∼200 Myr after the MGI. 2D and 3D thermomechanical computations show that a high CMBtemperature is the primary factor triggering early subduction, with enrichment of heat‐producing elements inLLSVPs as another potential factor. The models link the earliest subduction to the MGI with implications forunderstanding the diverse tectonic regimes of rocky planets.

A Giant Impact Origin for the First Subduction on Earth

Sérgio Sacani

ERTHROPOIESIS: Dr. E. Muralinath & R. Gnana Lahari

muralinath2

Recent discoveries of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M dwarfs have made it possible to characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial planets via follow-up spectroscopic observations. However, the number of such planets receiving low insolation is still small, limiting our ability to understand the diversity of the atmospheric composition and climates of temperate terrestrial planets. We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet transiting the nearby (12 pc) inactive M3.0 dwarf Gliese 12 (TOI-6251) with an orbital period (Porb) of 12.76 days. The planet, Gliese 12 b, was initially identified as a candidate with an ambiguous Porb from TESS data. We confirmed the transit signal and Porb using ground-based photometry with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3, and validated the planetary nature of the signal using high-resolution images from Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRC2 as well as radial velocity (RV) measurements from the InfraRed Doppler instrument on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope and from CARMENES on the CAHA 3.5 m telescope. X-ray observations with XMM-Newton showed the host star is inactive, with an X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity ratio of log 5.7 L L X bol » - . Joint analysis of the light curves and RV measurements revealed that Gliese 12 b has a radius of 0.96 ± 0.05 R⊕,a3σ mass upper limit of 3.9 M⊕, and an equilibrium temperature of 315 ± 6 K assuming zero albedo. The transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) value of Gliese 12 b is close to the TSM values of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, adding Gliese 12 b to the small list of potentially terrestrial, temperate planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST.

Gliese 12 b: A Temperate Earth-sized Planet at 12 pc Ideal for Atmospheric Tr...

Sérgio Sacani

The recently reported observation of VFTS 243 is the first example of a massive black-hole binary system with negligible binary interaction following black-hole formation. The black-hole mass (≈10M⊙) and near-circular orbit (e ≈ 0.02) of VFTS 243 suggest that the progenitor star experienced complete collapse, with energy-momentum being lost predominantly through neutrinos. VFTS 243 enables us to constrain the natal kick and neutrino-emission asymmetry during black-hole formation. At 68% confidence level, the natal kick velocity (mass decrement) is ≲10 km=s (≲1.0M⊙), with a full probability distribution that peaks when ≈0.3M⊙ were ejected, presumably in neutrinos, and the black hole experienced a natal kick of 4 km=s. The neutrino-emission asymmetry is ≲4%, with best fit values of ∼0–0.2%. Such a small neutrino natal kick accompanying black-hole formation is in agreement with theoretical predictions.

Constraints on Neutrino Natal Kicks from Black-Hole Binary VFTS 243

Sérgio Sacani

Mammals have dominated Earth for approximately 55 Myr thanks to their adaptations and resilience to warming and cooling during the Cenozoic. All life will eventually perish in a runaway greenhouse once absorbed solar radiation exceeds the emission of thermal radiation in several billions of years. However, conditions rendering the Earth naturally inhospitable to mammals may develop sooner because of long-term processes linked to plate tectonics (short-term perturbations are not considered here). In ~250 Myr, all continents will converge to form Earth’s next supercontinent, Pangea Ultima. A natural consequence of the creation and decay of Pangea Ultima will be extremes in pCO2 due to changes in volcanic rifting and outgassing. Here we show that increased pCO2, solar energy (F⨀; approximately +2.5% W m−2 greater than today) and continentality (larger range in temperatures away from the ocean) lead to increasing warming hostile to mammalian life. We assess their impact on mammalian physiological limits (dry bulb, wet bulb and Humidex heat stress indicators) as well as a planetary habitability index. Given mammals’ continued survival, predicted background pCO2 levels of 410–816 ppm combined with increased F⨀ will probably lead to a climate tipping point and their mass extinction. The results also highlight how global landmass configuration, pCO2 and F⨀ play a critical role in planetary habitability.

Climate extremes likely to drive land mammal extinction during next supercont...

Sérgio Sacani

MODERN PHYSICS_REPORTING_QUANTA_.....pdf

RevenJadePalma

Alternative method of dissolution in-vitro in-vivo correlation and dissolutio...

Sahil Suleman

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 4) Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Areesha Ahmad

It should be no surprise that AI is treading a similar path to computing which began with single-purpose machines tasked for payroll calculations, banking transactions, or weapons targeting et al, but nothing more! It took decades for General Purpose Computing to emerge in the form of the now ubiquitous PC. Today, AI is still in a single-purpose/task-specific phase, and we have no general-purpose platforms, but their emergence is only a matter of time! Recent AI progress has seen a repeat of the media debate and alarmist warnings for our computing past, compounded by consequential advances in robotics. In turn, this has promoted numerous attempts to draw biological equivalences defining the time when machines will overtake humans. But without any workable definitions or framework that tend to little more than un/educated guesses. Recourse to IQ measures and the Touring test have proved to be irrelevant, and without a reference framework or formal characterisation, continued discussion and debate remain futile We therefore approach this AI problem from the bottom up by defining the simplest of machines and lifeforms to derive clues, pointers and basic boundary conditions . This sees a fundamental Entropic description emerge that is applicable to both machine and lifeforms. This presentation is suitable for professionals and the public alike, and is fully illustrated by high-quality graphics, animations and, movies. Inevitably, it contains some mathematics that non-practitioners will have to take on trust, but the focus is on defining the key characteristics, parameters, and important features of AI, our total dependence, and the future! Note: A 40 min session for a predominantly ley audience and not all the slides presented here were used on the day. Their inclusion here is in response to those audience members requesting more detail at the end of/during the event.

Quantifying Artificial Intelligence and What Comes Next!

University of Hertfordshire

GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 7) Microbiology in Everyday Life

Areesha Ahmad

Film Coated Tablet and Film Coating raw materials.pdf

Pharmatech-rx

In the Nice model of solar system formation, Uranus and Neptune undergo an orbital upheaval, sweeping through a planetesimal disk. The region of the disk from which material is accreted by the ice giants during this phase of their evolution has not previously been identified. We perform direct N-body orbital simulations of the four giant planets to determine the amount and origin of solid accretion during this orbital upheaval. We find that the ice giants undergo an extreme bombardment event, with collision rates as much as ∼3 per hour assuming km-sized planetesimals, increasing the total planet mass by up to ∼0.35%. In all cases, the initially outermost ice giant experiences the largest total enhancement. We determine that for some plausible planetesimal properties, the resulting atmospheric enrichment could potentially produce sufficient latent heat to alter the planetary cooling timescale according to existing models. Our findings suggest that substantial accretion during this phase of planetary evolution may have been sufficient to impact the atmospheric composition and thermal evolution of the ice giants, motivating future work on the fate of deposited solid material.

Extensive Pollution of Uranus and Neptune’s Atmospheres by Upsweep of Icy Mat...

Sérgio Sacani

The thermal continuum emission observed from accreting black holes across X-ray bands has the potential to be leveraged as a powerful probe of the mass and spin of the central black hole. The vast majority of existing ‘continuum fitting’ models neglect emission sourced at and within the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of the black hole. Numerical simulations, however, find non-zero emission sourced from these regions. In this work, we extend existing techniques by including the emission sourced from within the plunging region, utilizing new analytical models that reproduce the properties of numerical accretion simulations. We show that in general the neglected intra-ISCO emission produces a hot-and-small quasi-blackbody component, but can also produce a weak power-law tail for more extreme parameter regions. A similar hot-and-small blackbody component has been added in by hand in an ad hoc manner to previous analyses of X-ray binary spectra. We show that the X-ray spectrum of MAXI J1820+070 in a soft-state outburst is extremely well described by a full Kerr black hole disc, while conventional models that neglect intra-ISCO emission are unable to reproduce the data. We believe this represents the first robust detection of intra-ISCO emission in the literature, and allows additional constraints to be placed on the MAXI J1820 + 070 black hole spin which must be low a• < 0.5 to allow a detectable intra-ISCO region. Emission from within the ISCO is the dominant emission component in the MAXI J1820 + 070 spectrum between 6 and 10 keV, highlighting the necessity of including this region. Our continuum fitting model is made publicly available.

Continuum emission from within the plunging region of black hole discs

Sérgio Sacani

Errors: types, determination and elimination

ArunLakshmiMeenakshi

PESTS OF GREEN MANURE CROPS AND FORAGE CROPS SESBANIA BORERS 1. Sesbania stem borer, Azygophleps scalaris, Cossidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Drying of sesbania plants. Nature of damage: Stoutly built larva bores into the stem and feeds, the faecal matter getting accumulated at the entrance hole. Egg: Laid in masses attached to the leaflets. Larva: Robust larva of 7 cm length, light brown with a reddish brown head. Pupa: Pupa has spines anteriorly with the help of which it moves up and down inside the tunnel in the stem. Adult: Sluggish yellowish brown moth. 2. Stem weevil, Alcidodes bubo, Curculionidae, Coleoptera Symptom of damage: Drying of the terminal branches or whole plant, lodging of the plants during monsoon seasons; affected stem with numerous bore holes and swelling symptoms. Presence of apodous grub inside the stem. Nature of damage: Grubs riddle into stem and cause thickenings on stem. The growth and vigour of the plants are impaired to a great extent. Egg: Laid on the stem. Grub : Apodous whitish grub. Adult: Reddish brown weevil with white transverse markings on the elytra. LEAF FEEDERS 3. Green semilooper, Pericyma glaucinans, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation of plants preceding with leaflets damage. Nature of damage: Caterpillar feeds on the leaflets remaining along the ribs of leaves. Larva : Pale green, semilooper with broad yellow lateral stripes. Adult: Dark brown with black lines 4. Green looper, Semiothisa pervelgata, Semiothisa emersaria, Geometridae, Lepidoptera Symptom of damage: Defoliation of plants preceding with leaflets damage. Nature of damage: Larvae feed on the leaves. Egg: Oval greenish eggs laid singly on leaves. Larva : Pale green looper with white lines and when full grown becomes pink with horizontal bands of violet patches dorsally on the abdominal segments. Pupa: Pupates in the soil. Adult: White colour with three dark lines and spots on the wings.

Pests of Green Manures_Bionomics_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

PirithiRaju

Land use land cover change analysis and detection of its drivers using geospa...

MohammedAhmed246550

Lec 1.b Totipotency and birth of tissue culture.ppt

asifali1111

Triploidy ...............................pptx

Cherry

GBSN - Microbiology Lab (Microbiology Lab Safety Procedures)

Areesha Ahmad

Recently uploaded (20)

The importance of continents, oceans and plate tectonics for the evolution of...

A Giant Impact Origin for the First Subduction on Earth

ERTHROPOIESIS: Dr. E. Muralinath & R. Gnana Lahari

Gliese 12 b: A Temperate Earth-sized Planet at 12 pc Ideal for Atmospheric Tr...

Constraints on Neutrino Natal Kicks from Black-Hole Binary VFTS 243

Climate extremes likely to drive land mammal extinction during next supercont...

MODERN PHYSICS_REPORTING_QUANTA_.....pdf

Alternative method of dissolution in-vitro in-vivo correlation and dissolutio...

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 4) Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Quantifying Artificial Intelligence and What Comes Next!

GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 7) Microbiology in Everyday Life

Film Coated Tablet and Film Coating raw materials.pdf

Extensive Pollution of Uranus and Neptune’s Atmospheres by Upsweep of Icy Mat...

Continuum emission from within the plunging region of black hole discs

Errors: types, determination and elimination

Pests of Green Manures_Bionomics_IPM_Dr.UPR.pdf

Land use land cover change analysis and detection of its drivers using geospa...

Lec 1.b Totipotency and birth of tissue culture.ppt

Triploidy ...............................pptx

GBSN - Microbiology Lab (Microbiology Lab Safety Procedures)

Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate

1. RESEARCHING AND COMMUNICATING OUR CHANGING CLIMATE @ZLabe Zachary M. Labe Postdoc in Seasonal-to-Decadal Variability & Predictability Division at NOAA GFDL and AOS at Princeton University 6 December 2023 Mercer County Community College https://zacklabe.com/

2. 2004

3. Zack Labe Pioneer Coal Mine Blue Whale of Catoosa Centralia Underground Fire Roadside America Greenland Sea (81°N) Enjoy: roadside oddities, diners, and horror movies Hobbies: gardening, #scicomm ( @ZLabe), hiking, traveling to lighthouses Graduate work: Arctic – midlatitude climate variability (sea-ice changes) Recent work: using AI to detect patterns of climate variability/change Now at GFDL I am thinking about: detection and attribution of extreme events Hometown – Linglestown, Pennsylvania BSc – Atmospheric Science at Cornell University PhD – Earth System Science at UC Irvine Postdoc – climate variability using AI at Colorado State U. Postdoc – climate change and AI at Princeton/GFDL he/him

4. The signal (climate change) The noise (weather) MY RESEARCH DISENTANGLES

5. …using tools like artificial intelligence and climate models to understand global climate change The signal (climate change) The noise (weather) MY RESEARCH DISENTANGLES

6. …using tools like artificial intelligence and climate models to understand global climate change The signal (climate change) The noise (weather) MY RESEARCH DISENTANGLES

7. Modeling vs. Field Work

8. R/V Lance – Greenland Sea – May 2017

9. ”Cryo-copter”

10. stuck in the sea ice…

11.

12. snow pits

13. isbjørn

14. https://www.ornl.gov/news/ornl-noaa-launch-new-supercomputer-climate-science-research Home Laptop – 2,000,000,000 instructions per second Supercomputer – 5,000,000,000,000,000 instructions per second

15. Adapted from: Kotamarthi, R., Hayhoe, K., Mearns, L., Wuebbles, D., Jacobs, J., & Jurado, J. (2021). Global Climate Models. In Downscaling Techniques for High-Resolution Climate Projections: From Global Change to Local Impacts (pp. 19-39). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108601269.003 CLIMATE MODELS Horizontal Grid Vertical Levels Past/Present/Future Fully-Coupled System 20-40 Petabytes of data

16.

17.

18.

19. Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-CT) - Time to Wake Up: Climate Progress Speech (3/21/2018)

20. PLOT BY ED HAWKINS DON’T BE SUCH A SCIENTIST WE ARE DATA SCIENTISTS

21. PLOT BY ED HAWKINS

22. Data visualization is story-telling!

Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate

Similar to Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate (13)

More from Zachary Labe

More from Zachary Labe (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Researching and Communicating Our Changing Climate