1. TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF
WASTE MANAGEMENT:
THERMAL PROCESSING OF
WASTES
Presented by
Ummey Zahida
University of Chittagong

2. WHAT IS WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Waste Management is the precise name for the
collection, transportation, disposal or recycling and
monitoring of waste.
The term usually relates to materials produced by
human activities, and the process is generally
undertaken to reduce their effects on health, the
environment or aesthetics.

3. WHY IT IS
IMPORTANT?
Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of our waste
is important for the environment, and it can be
profitable, too. It decreases the amount of
waste for disposal, saves space in landfills, and
conserves natural resources.
The most important reason-is to protect the
environment and for the health and safety for
the population.

4. BENEFITS OF MANAGING
WASTE
*This practice is highly lucrative.
*Keeps the environment clean and fresh.
*Saves the Earth and conserves energy.
*Reduces environmental pollution.
*Waste management will help you earn money.
*Creates employment.

5. WHAT IS WASTE?
Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable
materials and is regarded as a substance which
is of no use.
Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste
that includes waste from our houses(domestic
waste), wastes from schools, offices,
etc.(municipal waste) and wastes from
industries and factories(industrial waste).

6. THERE ARE 5 TYPES OF
WASTE, DO YOU KNOW THEM
ALL?
1.Liquid Waste: Dirty water, organic liquids, wash
water, waste detergents and even rainwater.
2.Solid Rubbish: Plastic waste, paper/card waste, tins
and metals, ceramics and glass.
3.Organic Waste: Food waste, garden waste, manure
and rotten meat.
4.Rcyclable Rubbish: Includes all waste items that can
be converted into products to be used again.
5.Hazaedous Waste: Flammable, toxic, corrosive and
reactive wastes.

7. TYPES OF WASTE
DISPOSAL
1.Hygienic Landfill
2.Biogas and Fertilizer Generation
3.Composting and Vermicomposting
4.Recyclying and Reuse
5.Disposal by Incineration
6.Gasification and Pyrolysis
7.Disposal in Water bodies

8. THERMAL PROCESSING OF
WASTES
“It can be defined as the conversion of wastes into
gaseous, liquid and solid production, with or without
energy valorization.”
Thermal processes with respect to air requirements:
Combustion
Incineration
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Plasma gasification

9. COMBUSTION
The process of burning
something.
Combustion, a chemical
reaction between substances,
usually including oxygen and
usually accompanied by the
generation of heat and light in
the form of flame.
Mostly used as a source of

10. INCINERATION
The destruction of something,
especially waste material, by burning.
Incineration is the waste management
process that involves the combustion
of organic substances contained in
waste materials.
Incineration of waste materials
converts the waste into ash, flue gas
and heat.
Heat generated by the incinerators,

11. SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM AND
INCINERATION PLANT

12. PYROLYSIS
Decomposition brought about by high
temperature.
Pyrolysis, a process of chemically
decomposing organic materials at
elevated temperatures in the absence of
oxygen.
It reduces wastes going to landfill and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Synthetic gas produced from the
conversion of waste using pyrolysis can
be used in gas or steam turbines for

13. SIMPLIFIED PICTURES OF
PYROLYSIS PROCESS

14. GASIFICAT
ION
Process of transforming carbon-based materials into
a mix of CO and hydrogen that can serve as fuel.
Gasification, a high temperature technology that
converts carbon-containing materials, including
waste materials and biomass, into synthetic gas
which in turn can be used to produce electricity and
other valuable products such as chemicals, fuels and
fertilizers.

15. PROCESS OF
GASIFICATION

16. Gasification does not
involve combustion, but
instead uses little or no
oxygen or air in a
closed reactor to
convert carbon-based
materials directly into a
synthetic gas, or
syngas.

17. PLASMA
GASIFICATION
Plasma gasification is a new
garbage disposal solution
using plasma technology.
This garbage disposal
process is self-sustaining
and converts garbage into
electricity.
Plasma gasification is a
process which converts
organic matter into synthetic
gas, electricity, and slag
using plasma.

18. PROCESS OF PLASMA
GASIFICATION
Inside the gasifier, the hot gases from the plasma torch or
arc contact the feedstock, such as municipal solid waste,
auto shredder wastes, medical waste, biomass or
hazardous waste, heating it to more than 3,000 degrees
Fahrenheit. This extreme heat maintains the gasification
reactions, which break apart the chemical bonds of the
feedstock and converts them to a synthesis gas (syngas).
The high temperatures and lack of oxygen in reactor also
prevent the main components of the gas from forming
toxic compounds such as furans, dioxins, NOX, or SOX.
Plasma processing of waste is ecologically clean.

19. PLASMA
GASIFICA
TION
PROCESS
AND
VARIOUS
USES

21. AN OVERALL
COMPARISON