theory final essay

1. Name
Student ID
Tutor
: Neo On E
: 0326727
: Dr. Filzani
Theories of Architecture and Urbanism (ARC 601303)
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
Project 2 : Comparative analysis
Jalan Tukang, Kajang, Malaysia &
Samcheong Dong Gil, Seoul, Korea

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
1.1 Asian Street (Sam Cheong Dong Gil, Seoul, Korea)
1.2 Local Street (Jalan Tukang, Kajang, Malaysia)
Contact Points
2.1 Sam Cheong Dong Gil, Seoul, Korea)
2.2 (Jalan Tukang, Kajang, Malaysia)
Comparative Analysis
3.1 Contact Point 1 - Public Transportation
3.2 Contact Point 2 - Transitional Space
3.3 Contact Point 3 - Public Realm
3.4 Contact Point 4 - Heritage Building
3.5 Contact Point 5 - Interstitial Space
Conclusion
Reference
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
1
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14

3. 01
1.0 Introduction
This part 2 project called for a comparative analysis essay based on the finding from part 1
analysis. The key analysis compared the similarities and differences of the type contact
points, contact intensities, type of outdoor activities, as well as the social pattern of 2
different site from different countries.
In the following essay, a comparison between local site, along Jalan Tukang, Kajang,
Malaysia and famous tourist site, Samcheong Dong Gil, Seoul, Korea will be made and
analysed based on the activities and contact points condition that influence the intensity of
people. - A factor that influence the activities to a varying degree and in many different
ways. (Gehl)

4. 1.1 Local Street, Jalan Tukang, Kajang, Malaysia
Kajang is well known as mining town of Selangor. It is one of the earliest settlement found
by Temuan Tribe. ‘Kajang’ said to derived from the Temuan term of the palm (Mengkuang)
which grew profusely in the area. Kajang was first concentrated in Sungai Chua, due to the
discovery of tin mining, residential and shophouses started to appear along the road
around 1920 ~ 1930, which form the town Kajang. Our site Jalan Tukang, believed to be
initially found by Temuan tribe, it is then raised to glory by the Chinese tycoons and
Chinese migrants to Kajang.
However in the modern days, Jalan Tukang shophouses has gone through almost a total
facelift with most of the important façade details closed by advertising banners. Besides,
bad transportation and poor condition pedestrian also became a factor that discourage
people from visiting this old street. This aging community slowly displaced by other
immigrants, locals moved out to cities such as Kuala Lumpur and other town that brings
more opportunities. The value of Jalan Tukang maintain by the remaining old business that
still doesn’t give up on their tradition such as Sate Kajang, Biscuit shop, textile shop and
more.
Figure 1.1: Perspective view of Jalan Tukang from high rise
02

5. 1.2 Asian Street, Samcheong Dong-Gil, Seoul, Korea
Samcheong-Dong Gil, a street located in Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea. It is a street
comprising of traditional and modernity. The site is along the exit of Gyeongbokgong
palace, famous for its’ Bukchon Hanok village, well-maintained traditional building from
very old dynasty, also well known as a ‘outdoor shopping street’. Many of these Hanok
building had turn into modern buildings and those remaining Hanok repurposed into
modern art galleries, cafes, restaurant and fashion goods store.
Samchong-Dong Gil, existed when the place was dwell with royal family and aristocrats
during the Joseon Dynasty in the 14 century. After the fall of the dynasty due to Japan
occupation, Hanok residences were built continuously from 1910 to early 1960s at small
residential areas from divided scale land, due to the economic reasons. However the
landscape changed and residential environment deteriorated after people started to built
more multi-family houses, the Hanoks face rapid deconstruction until 21 century, when
Hanoks converted into commercial use and turned into tourist attraction.
Figure 1.2: Perspective view of Samcheong-Dong gil shops and street
03

6. 2.0 Contact Points
2.1 Jalan Tukang, Kajang, Malaysia
Contact point 1: Tukang Bus stop
The most occupied bus stop at
every hour in Jalan Tukang.
Contact point 2: 5 foot walkway
Transitional space to other
shops
Contact point 3: Tukang Public space
An triangular space located between
2 shophouses, link to bus stop
Figure 2.1: Map indicating contact points in Jalan Tukang
Contact point 4: Straits eclectic Shophouse
Typical type of shophouse that is available
in Jalan Tukang since 1920s
Contact point 5: Food alley
A food vender alley locate in between 2
shophouses that link to back alley of Sate
Kajang.
04

7. 2.0 Contact points
2.2 Samcheong-Dong Gil, Seoul, Korea
Figure 2.2: Map indicating contact points in Samcheong-Dong Gil
Contact point 1: Cheong Wa Dae
Bus stop
The most occupied bus stop at
Samcheong-Dong gil.
Contact point 2: Alley to residential
area
A pedestrian lane connect main
street to residential area.
Contact point 3: Cheong Wa Dae
Public space
A huge public space beside
government office and bus stop
around the busiest T-junction
Contact point 4: Hanok building
Commercial building that consist of
readapted Hanok and modern building
Contact point 5: Swarovski back alley
A interstitial shift alley that hide behind
Swarovski shop from main street.
05

8. 3.0 Comparative analysis
Jalan Tukang Samcheong Dong Gil
1. Tukang bus stop
Moderate to high intensity
1. Cheong Wa Dae’s bus stop
High intensity
2. 5-foot walkway
Low to moderate intensity
2. Hanok residential’s alley
Moderate intensity
3. Tukang public space
Moderate to high intensity
3. Cheong Wa Dae public space
High intensity
4. Morphology of shophouse
Low to moderate intensity
4. Morphology of shophouse
Moderate to high intensity
5. Food alley of Tukang
Moderate to high intensity
5. Swarovski back alley
Moderate to high intensity
1. Tukang bus stop
N: Road crossing, public transportation
O: Sightseeing, photo taking
S: Interaction between local, people
watching, hide under shading, sitting
1. Cheong Wa Dae bus stop
N: Road crossing, public transportation,
police patrol
O: Sightseeing, photography, strolling,
resting, Hanbok cosplay
S: Interaction between local tourist and
government officer, people watching,
2. 5-foot walkway
N: Pedestrian walking, commute to work
O: Shopping, window shopping, strolling
S: People watching, greeting,
conversation
2. Hanok residential’s alley
N: Commute to work, having meal, going
home
O: Shopping, window shopping, strolling
S: People watching, greeting,
conversation, walking past pedestrian
3. Tukang public space
N: Sitting on street furniture while waiting
for bus
O: Eating, drinking, going to other shops,
window shopping
S: People watching, sit chit chatting,
engage with other locals
3. Cheong Wa Dae public space
N: Sitting on street furniture while eating/
drinking
O: Eating, drinking, going to convenience
store, window shopping
S: People watching, vehicle watching, sit
chit chatting
4. Morphology of shophouses
N: pedestrian walking, visit shop
O: sightseeing, photo taking
S: People talking while walking along the
lane, regular customer engage with shop
owner, people observe building
4. Morphology of Hanok
N: pedestrian walking, visit shop
O: sightseeing, photo taking
S: People talking while walking along the
lane, salesperson engage with customer,
people observe building
5. Food alley of Tukang
N: Having meal, drinking
O: sitting down, sight seeing
S: Patrons ordering food from the waiter,
people talking while walking
5. Swarovski back alley
N: Having meal, drinking
O: sitting down, enjoy view of the mountain
S: Patrons ordering food from the waiter,
Degree of Contact
Intensity
Type of Outdoor
Activities:
N- Necessary
O- Optional
S- Social
06

9. 3.1 Public transportation
The main public transport at Kajang are MRT and bus, out site Jalan Tukang has the most
important bus stop that Cather locals out of Kajang, this space also encourage a lot of
necessary activities. Due to its’ strategic location, it is easily accessible by walking, locals
usually meet each other or take the bus every different hours, meeting their old friend or
someone closer. The climatic problem contribute to the increase of contact intensity at bus
stop because the bus stop act as a resting area that provide shade and seating. Thus it It
became being one zone as favoured space as provide opportunity of people to view and
survey activities happening at the street.
Cheong Wa Dae function as president’s office, the bus stop mainly Cather for workers
around the office and also the neighbouring shops. It is a favourite contact point for tourist
and locals because the bus is easily accessible to access to their next destination. Local
and tourist stop by here to gather and meet their friend thanks to the huge public space
provided. Therefor it establish contact through the encounter between local and tourist.
The scale of traffic is relatively small, hence traffic is slower here compare to Tukangs’.
It is stated by Gehl (2011) that ‘slow traffic mean lively cities’, both streets have high
contact intensity and high activities level caused the vehicular circulation to be slower here
but pedestrian circulation dominant both, the safer walkability also increase the quality of
contact intensity level.
Figure 3.1.1: Section of Tukang bus stop Figure 3.1.2: photo showing the bus stop, where
locals seat and hide under the shading in bus
stop
Figure 3.1.3: Section of Cheong Wa Dae bus stop Figure 3.1.4: Photo show the high intensity
of people waiting and gather at bus stop to
go to their next distination
07

10. 3.2 Transitional Space
From Jalan Tukang’s shophouses, we can see that 5 foot walkway is the primary form of
circulation. The contact of shophouses allow first floor to extend to the walkway, formed
shading to the 5-foot walkway, it is a very important space as it left continuous transitional
space to travel from one shop to another. It create a clear boundary of public walkway and
privately-own shop space. 5-foot walkway also created a clear identity of a shop program,
for example, shop owner make used of the walkway to decorate with banners or
advertisement, putting furniture and plants. It is easily define a shops’ function as we see
the arrangement of their decoration, immediately identify whether it is a restaurant,
commercial, retail, office and etc. Establish the ‘direct relationship to other people and the
surrounding social environment’ (Gehl, 2011, pg28). However the limitation of width of
walkway often became a problem of overcrowded at certain shophouses, due to the high
intensity of people, the circulation became undesirable to walk and caused hygiene
problem in Tukang.
Figure 3.2.1: Section of 5 foot walkway in relation to the road scale
Figure 3.2.2: series of 5 foot walkway
08

11. 3.2 Transitional Space
Pedestrian walkway of Samcheong-Dong Gil always shaded by tress and being extended
from shop lots, giving it a desirable space for walking. The comfortable climatic condition
strategize the pedestrian as people do not need extension of shading roof like Tukang,
giving the path greater tendency for necessary activities and other activities. Due to the
high intensity of social activities, the shop owner does not place their furniture or
decoration at the pedestrian walkway for business purposes, unlike Jalan Tukang, they
place it inside their shops. Hence, the pedestrian flow is more encouraging and
comfortable. Another characteristic of the street is the transition to alley to residential area,
there will always a pedestrian street that connect to the residential alley, some owner use
the opportunity to decorate furniture for commercial use outside their shop, create
interesting difference with the main street and alley. As both walkway still establish the
relationship of human scale and built form, encourage passable and comfortable walkway,
hence making Samcheong-Dong gill as a favourable street for shopping.
Figure 3.2.3: Section of alley connect the
residential area from the main street
Figure 3.2.4: Plan in relation to the section
showing the path to residential area
Figure 3.2.5: View of the path to residential area full of Hanok
09

12. 3.3 Public Realm
The public space at Jalan Tukang, act as a stop or gathering space, it is located between 2
continuous row of shophouses, in a form of triangular shape. The necessary activities here
involve mostly resting, waiting and leisure activities. There are trees and seating provided
for public use. However it is not a favourable space due to the poor maintenance of public
furniture, the space not well shaded and seating orientation does not facing any desirable
view. Hence the main function of leisure public space became a normal transitional space
where people mostly pass by here only to access to the bus stop. On the other hand the
public space is directly open to vehicular lane, it become a good place to stop and wait for
vehicles, often became favourite pick up point for vehicle. Therefor this space became a
fast pace zone.
Public space in Cheong Wa Dae is huge and does not have obstruction or built form next
to it, the area is nicely designed with a lot of seating that facing good views. The public
space is located at the busiest T junction, thus making it a point for transitional space to
cross to the opposite streets. As the public space is near to the government office, it
became the famous spot for tour guide to stop and gather tourist to introduce the
surrounding history. We can see how the strategic location make the public space a very
important zone and gathering point for many king of activities, huge space also contribute
to the space to held multi purpose activates such as festivals. Resulted it to be highly
interactive contact point where passive activates and chance contact between locals and
tourist.
Figure 3.3.1: Section of public space showing
How locals utilize the seating and use it as a
Shorter route to back alley
Figure 3.3.2: Photo showing the public space
in Tukang
Figure 3.3.3: Section of public space in
Cheong Wa Dae showing people seating at
the planter and use the public space as
gathering area.
Figure 3.3.4: photo showing the public
space and people crossing the road
10

13. 3.4 Morphology of streets
Both streets is a historical street that had 100 years of rich historical content, which is the
main attraction and characteristic. The streets have both significant architecture style that
create very unique morphology based on 2 different urban context.
In Jalan Tukang, streets are comprehensive of shophouses, there are many that was well-
maintained and many was renovated and reconstructed into modern shop lots. The
shophouse is a unique combination of distinctive element of Chinese and European
design. The distinctive façade became the appearance of Kajang’s shophouses, multiple
program usage such as commercial use at ground floor and residential use at first floor
create a diversity of program around the streets. The attraction become engagement of
people with the different program. Hence it establish vital interaction where ‘human
activities as being able to see other people in action, constituted the area’s main
attraction.’ (Gehl, 2011, pg29)
Hanok is Samcheong-Dong gil also carry rich architecture content, the natural context of
sloping hill suggest the Hanok and residential building to be occupied at the higher area,
this typology resulted hard vehicular accessibility to the high residential area. Thus this is
why local pay more attention to the pedestrian experience. There are many locals readapt
Hanok to commercial use and the interesting exploration of hanok become a mundane
Journey when they pass thru the path way back their home or to work. Passing by Hanok
is a everyday activities for locals to go to main streets, this path encourage a lot of passive
activities especially interaction between familiar neighbourhoods, tourist and Hanok. Gehl
mentioned that ‘long lasting activities produce exactly as much life between
building.’(Gehl, 2011, pg 184)
Figure 3.4.1: Elevation of Strait Eclectic shophouses in Jalan Tukang
Figure 3.4.2: Section of the residential Hanok building that locate
at higher slope from the main street
11

14. 3.5 Interstitial space
In Jalan Tukang, there is a interesting alley that is used as a transitional space for many
locals as a shorter route through the main street to back alley. The alley have unique
characteristic where there are food vendors set up within the shophouses and utilize the
small alley as a opportunity to set up their business. The alley is well shaded and provided
with seating, resulted necessary activities to carry out. This interstitial space allow passer
by to pause and stop. It create a huge impact in terms of pedestrian engagement as it
form social activities, suggested the alley to be high intensity space. ’People and human
activity are the greatest object of attention and interest.’ (Gehl, 2011, pg 29)
On the other hand, Samcheong-Dong gil alley play the similar roles as an alternative alley
from the main pedestrian walkway. The alley act as a important transition from busy
vehicular traffic from main route. The shift have create a comfortable and favourable path
for user.(Gehl, 2011, pg 141). Cooler ambience and safer traffic resulting a higher quality
of space, where it form higher intensity of pedestrian to have passive contact between
passer by. Local also promote bushiness at the surrounding alley as opportunity to make
the interstitial space suitable for optional activities such as eating and drinking, The
winding alternative alley create interesting enclosure which put a beginning mark of a near
journey of seeing and hearing.
Figure 3.5.1: Section showing the food alley and people seating to enjoy their food and beverage, and
people suing the space as short route to Sate Kajang
Figure 3.5.2: Section showing the shift alley divided by Swarovski from the main street, people seating in
front of the shops to enjoy their food and beverage.
12

15. 4.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, the outcome of comparison between Jalan Tukang and Samcheong-Dong
Gil street emphasized on the aspect of built environment, as it contribute to the contact
intensity and outdoor activities. Through the study, both streets frame a similarities where
by both street adapt the ever changing aspect of human life, change in modernization
contribute to the re adaptation of street, bringing another life between building. It is shown
from both street affirming their role in redefine public spaces in urban context which lead to
varying degree of intensity and various contact points as well as accumulation of outdoor
activities.
As a conclusion for Jalan Tukang, it is set to be direct towards leisure and resting service,
bring lifestyle that encourage social activities between locals. Eventhough it is not as
successful as it might be seen, still the spaces protrude the tendency of serving locals to
the direction of more engagement between local communities and the built environment. I
believe that Jalan Tukang have the opportunity to increase the intensity of contact as there
are many unique urban space that encourage different contacts.
In Samcheong-Dong gil, it is observed as a tourist site or more to shopping streets. Hence
the characteristic and environment context of street is always well maintain to serve as
commercial site. The quality of built environment and diverse of building function provide a
lot of successful contact points and varying degree of contact intensity.
Overall, Gehl emphasized the significance of vibrancy and liveliness within an urban
context where people inhabiting. Hence it is crucial to acknowledge how these contact
points generate a dynamic community lifestyle and how we can diverse the built
environment that contribute to a beautiful life between building.
13

16. 5.0 Referances
Book
Gehl, J., & Koch, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using public space. Washington, DC:
Island Press.
Website
H1 Title. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SH/whereToShop/whereToShop.jsp?action=about&cid=
995817
Ladner, M. (2017, April 13). Bukchon Hanok Village May Be South Korea's Best Kept
Secret. Retrieved May 1, 2019, from https://theculturetrip.com/asia/south-
korea/articles/bukchon-hanok-village-may-be-south-koreas-best-kept-secret/
SEOUL Diaries: Things To Do in SAMCHEONG-DONG. (2018, November 19). Retrieved
from http://missuety.com/seoul-diaries-things-to-do-in-samcheongdong/
Seoulsolution. (2018, February 20). Bukchon Conservation Project (2001~2004).
Retrieved from https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/urban-regeneration-historic-
neighborhood-bukchon
Sun, H., & Choi. (2017, July 21). New Forms of Place-Making and Public Space in
Contemporary Urban Development in Seoul, South Korea. Retrieved from
https://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=78863&
건축도시정책정보센터. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.aurum.re.kr/City/AttractionDoc.aspx?num=1#.XMj83-gzZPZ
삼청동길 등 20곳 '디자인거리'로. (2008, March 24). Retrieved from
https://www.hankyung.com/article/2008032409971
소개. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2019, from http://hanok.seoul.go.kr/front/kor/town/town01.do
호젓함이 그리운 왕년의 데이트 코스 - 삼청동길 | YES24 문화웹진 채널예스. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://ch.yes24.com/Article/View/15815
14