21. Always test the air at various levels to be sure that the entire space is safe. Good Air Poor Air Deadly Air Good air near the opening does NOT mean there is good air at the bottom! Top of vessel Bottom of vessel Middle of vessel
35. Testing Evaluation 1. A confined space has limited openings for entry and exit. True or False 2. Permit confined spaces must sometimes be cleaned and/or ventilated prior to entry to remove hazardous materials and gases. True or False 3. No one should enter a permit required confined space without first making sure a permit has been completed and posted. True or False 4. A confined space has good, natural ventilation. True or False 5. Deaths have occurred in a confined space because a presumably safe space was not tested before initial entry. True or False
36. Testing Evaluation 6. An acceptable means of rescue from a confined space include: a. Hold your breath and quickly remove the injured person from the confined space. b. Enter the space wearing an organic vapor respirator and rescue the injured person. c. Retrieve the person with a retrieval system (life lines) from outside the space. d. Enter the space wearing an acid gas/organic vapor respirator and rescue the injured person. 7. Limited access in a confined space increases the risk of injury. True or False 8. Before entry into a confined space, workers should know the space's potential hazards. True or False 9. Confined space monitors are required for testing the atmosphere for _______. a. flammability, oxygen deficiency, carbon monoxide and physical agents b. flammability, oxygen efficiency, carbon monoxide and physical agents c. flammability, oxygen deficiency, carbon dioxide and physical agents d. None of the above 10. Ignorance and negligence about confined spaces have led to deaths by asphyxiation, by fire and explosion, and by fatal exposure to toxic materials. True or False
38. Testing Evaluation 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. C 7. True 8. True 9. A 10. True How did you do? Onward to SAFETY EQUIPMENT…
39. Safety Equipment Do not enter a confined space without hands-on training in use of equipment
40. Safety Equipment Body Harness: Straps which may be secured about an employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system
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42. Safety Equipment Lanyard: A flexible line used to secure a body belt or body harness to a lifeline or directly to a point of anchorage.
43. Safety Equipment Connector: A device used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or “D-ring” sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.) Carabiners
44. Safety Equipment Lifeline: A line provided for direct or indirect attachment to a worker’s body belt, body harness, lanyard or deceleration device. Such lifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application Retractable life lines
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46. Psychological Hazards These include claustrophobia or other problems associated with being in a dark, cramped or isolated space. Such hazards can be magnified by a worker’s physical condition. A person in poor physical condition may become easily fatigued.
47. Communication Alert supervisor upon entering and leaving For Permit Space Entry, maintain contact with attendant throughout entire scheduled operation
48. Non-Entry Rescue DO NOT ENTER THE CONFINED SPACE YOURSELF!! Call for help. Use your two way communication to get assistance. Call police at 911. Relay your location, the nature of the incident and emphasize the incident has occurred in a confined space. While awaiting help, use retrieval system to get your partner out of the space, only if the rescue is a simple vertical withdrawal.
49. Non-Entry Rescue Do not move your partner if you suspect a head or neck injury has occurred. Do not attempt a non-entry rescue if the person would be dragged around a corner or between obstacles which could entangle your partner.