slide on corruption and good governance

1. Good GovernanceGood Governance
& Anti-Corruption& Anti-Corruption

2. Good GovernanceGood Governance
GOOD GOVERNANCE
“A term often used international Literature to describe how
public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public
resources ”
GOVERNANCE
Governance is the process of decision making and process by which
decisions are implemented . The term governance can apply to corporates,
international, national, local governance and to the other interactions
between other sectors of society.
Good GovernanceGood Governance

3. Good GovernanceGood Governance
Pillars of Good
Governance
Transparency
Accountability
Participation
Good governance is integral to economic growth, the eradication of
poverty and hunger, and sustainable development. The views of all
oppressed groups, including women, youth and poor, must be heard &
considered by governing bodies because they will be most negatively
affected if good governance is not achieved
3

4. CorruptionCorruption
“When you go to a theatre to watch a movie, and find that
there are no tickets left, what do you do?”
4

5. 5
CorruptionCorruption
Do you say, “It’s OK, we can come another time.”

6. Or do you buy a ticket in black,
paying Rs.200 for a ticket when it
actually costs Rs.100?
Or do you buy a ticket in black, paying Rs.200 for a
ticket when it actually costs Rs.100?
CorruptionCorruption

7. The answer to this question shows the level
of corruption in our SOCIETY.
CorruptionCorruption

8. It is an unethical method used by a person to
gain advantage over others.
Today, corruption is one of the greatest factors hindering
development and stifling the realisation of democracy. Corruption
affects the growth of a nation adversely. It reduces the
Government’s income, and creates inequalities in distribution of
income and wealth. Corruption affects a nation’s development,
economically, socially and politically.
WhatWhat is Corruption?is Corruption?

9. Types of CorruptionTypes of Corruption

10. Bribery
Bribery is arguably the most common form of corruption. It
entails beneficiaries using extra-legal means of payment to
acquire government favours and resource allocations. This
can involve contracts, tax exemptions, timeframes and
technical standards for complying with procurement rules and
licences, public information being monopolised, or getting the
government to turn a blind eye to illegal activities.
BriberyBribery

11. Some officials steal state assets under their jurisdiction or
made accessible to them as a function of their positions in
government. Acquiring publicly owned assets through illegal
transactions and fraud constitutes the most extensive form of
such corruption.
Theft and fraudTheft and fraud

12. Both the political and bureaucratic components of government could
become sources and targets of corruption. A common occurrence of
such political and bureaucratic corruption is where conflicts of interest
are not managed, so that potential beneficiaries of projects or
resource allocations are directly able to control or influence decisions
about those projects or allocations. Institutional corruption is often -
perhaps most commonly - associated with cases where processes of
decision-making are misused by those who have the power to waive
rules.
Institutional CorruptionInstitutional Corruption

13. Grand CorruptionGrand Corruption
This type of corruption is defined as corruption that involves
heads of state, ministers, or other senior government officials
and serves the interests of a narrow group of business people
and politicians as criminal elements.

14. Political corruption involves lawmakers, such as monarchs,
dictators, and legislators. Such officials engage in corruption
when they seek bribes or other rewards for their own political
or personal benefit in return for political favours to their
supporters at the expense of the public interest.
Political CorruptionPolitical Corruption

15. This occurs in relationships between private business
corporations and the suppliers or clients. It also occurs within
corporations, when corporate officials use the corporation
resources for private gain, at the expense of the
shareholders.
Corporate CorruptionCorporate Corruption

16. Administrative corruption includes the use of bribery and
favouritism to allow certain individual businesses to lower
their taxes, escape regulations, or win low-level procurement
contracts.
Administrative CorruptionAdministrative Corruption

17. This type of corruption is that type of corruption that is
prevalent throughout all levels of society.
Systemic CorruptionSystemic Corruption

18. Effect of Corruption
Effects of
CORRUPTION

20. 1.1 Lack of quality in services
In a system with corruption there is no quality of service. To
demand quality one might need to pay for it. This is seen in
many areas like municipality, electricity, distribution of relief
funds etc.

21. 1.2 Lack of proper justice
Corruption in judiciary system, leads to improper justice. And
the victims of offense might suffer. A crime may be proved as
benefit of doubt due to lack of evidence or even the evidence
erased. Due to corruption in the police system, the
investigation process goes on for decades. This lets the
culprits roam free and even perform more crimes. So it lead
to “Justice delayed is justice denied.”

22. Chances of Unemployment
This we can see with an example. The private education and
training institutes are given permits to start providing
education. This permit is given based on the infrastructure
and sufficient recruitment of eligible staff. Here there are
good chances of corruption. The institute or college
managements try to bribe the quality inspectors so as to get
permits. Though there are no sufficient eligible staff these
institutes get permission by the inspectors leading to
unemployment. Instead of 10 faculty a college is run by 5.
So, even if well qualified persons wish to get job there, they
will not be offered. If there was no corruption by inspectors,
then there would be chance for more employment.

23. Poor Health and hygiene
In countries with more corruption one can notice more health
problems among people. There will no fresh drinking water,
proper roads, and low quality food grains supply, milk
adulteration, etc. These are all done to save money by the
contractors and the officials who are involved in providing
them. Even the medicine provided in hospitals for the
hospitals are of sub-standard quality. So all these can
contribute to ill health of common man.

24. Society
Corruption
Disregard for
officials
Lack of faith
and trust on
the govt.
Eversion for
joining the post
linked to
corruption
Lack of
respect for
ruler

25. *People start disregarding the official involved in corruption by
talking negatively about him. But when they have work with
him or her, they again approach them by a thought that the
work is done if some monetary benefits are provided.
*Disregard towards officials will also build distrust.
*Even lower grade officer will be disrespectful to higher grade
officer. So even he may not obey his orders.
2.1 Disregard for
officials

26. 2.2 Lack of respect for rulers
*Rulers of the nation like president or prime ministers lose
respect among the public.
*Respect is main criteria in social life. People go for voting
during election not only with the desire to improve their living
standards by the election winner but also with respect for the
leader.
*If the politicians involve in corruption, people knowing this
will lose respect for them and will not like to cast their vote for
such politicians.

27. People vote to a ruler based on their faith in him/ her. But if
found to be involved in corruption people lose faith in them
and may not vote next time.
2.3 Lack of faith and trust on the
governments

28. Sincere, honest and hard working people develop aversion to
apply for the post though they like to as they believe that they
also need to be involved in corruption if they get into post.
2.4Aversion for joining the posts linked to
corruption

29. Economy
Corruption
Delay in
growth
Lack of
Development
Difference in
trade ratio’s
Decreases in
foreign
investment

30. There are many incident where in foreign investments which
were willing to come to India have gone back owing to heavy
corruption in the government bodies.
3.1 Decrease in foreign investment

31. Due to desire to mint money and other unlawful benefits, the
official who need to pass the clearances for projects or
industries delay the process. A work which can be done in
few day may be done in months time. This leads to delay in
investments, starting of industries and also growth. Even if
started, company growth hinders as every work linked to
officials get delayed due to need to provide bribes or other
benefits
3.2 Delay in growth

32. Many new industries wiling to started in particular region
change their plans if the region is unsuitable. If there are no
proper roads, water and electricity, the companies do not wish
to start up there. This hinders the economic progress of that
region.
3.3 Lack of development

33. 3.4 Differences in trade ratio’s
*Some countries have inefficient standard control institutes.
Or in other word these standard control institutes are corrupt that they
can approve low quality products for sale in their country.
*Hence you can see countries manufacturing cheap products dump them
in big markets. These countries can manufacture cheap quality products
but cannot dump in countries with strict standard control institutes.
*One best example is China products which can’t be just dumped into
Europe and US markets. But can be done in Indian and African markets.
*So there arises trade deficit that these countries cannot manufacture
their own products at cheaper price than those exported to them.
*So if corruption is minimised than these countries will have less trade
deficits in-terms of exports and imports with other countries and their
economies can prosper.

34. Ways of combating corruption
and improving governance
1. Give better salary in govt. jobs
2. Increase the number of workers
3. Law to dismiss from service if found to be
involved in corruption
4. Keep transactions online and provide bill for
every purchase
5. Camera in most govt. offices
6. Speed up the work process in govt. institutes
7. Make Media responsible and fix laws to be so
8. Verify the selection procedures
9. Keep inflation low
10. Speed up the judgment and increase the courts

35. Give better salary in govt. jobs
Many employees in government positions receive low salary
like clerks, office staff etc. Hence they expect to make money
by bribery. For this they try to delay the work for so long that
the client is fed up and opts for bribery for progress in the
work. So low salary is one of the reasons for corruption. To
curb this their salaries should be raised periodically.

36. In many offices of the government sector, the work load has
gone up drastically but the recruitment of vacancies has
declined. This gives an option for delaying the work by officials
and expect monetary or other benefits for faster completion.
Increase the number of workers

37. This seems a better option. For instance if you see cases
where anti-corruption bureau rides an officers home and finds
disproportionate assets, the officer is suspended from
employment and taken for judicial trials. But after couple of
years you will find them in employment at same or even better
positions. So this creates no fear among the officials against
corruption.
Law to dismiss from service if found to be
involved in corruption

38. Many of them do not pay taxes and escape. This involves
corruption. Making payments online through bank accounts
and provision of bills for every transaction involving money.
This is a better corruption watch. In other words, public should
opt for cashless transactions where possible. This will limits
the corruption related to money .
Keep transactions online and provide bill
for every purchase

39. In every ATM there are camera to keep a watch on the public
taking their money.
Then why not government offices have cameras to have a
watch on the employ performance. Even there are
many employ’s who openly take bribe in presence of common
men.
This public bribery is due to confidence that public wants their
work more than the amount they are paying to them as
bribes.
Camera in most govt. offices

40. Most corporate offices are in full fledged running by 8-9 am.
But the government offices start by 10 to 11 am and wind up
by 3.30 to 4 pm with a lunch break of one & half hour in
between. This indicates how much of commitment lies in
the work and how fast the work goes on. If there are
mistakes in the work or delay in the work, civilians have to
run behind those workers to rectify or complete the work. In
doing so they pay bribes to get the work done. This makes
the chances of corruption more or else work is not done. So
there should be accountability of daily work done in
government works and targets to complete the work on time
basis. Or else instead of being public servants, they tend to
act as public bosses.
Speed up the work process in
govt. institutes

41. There are many major scams and corruption events
involving media. Though the media is well aware of
the corruption happening they stay silent due to their
support for some political parties or else their owners get
some monetary benefits from the rulers. Even there are
many reporters who though come across some scam or
corruption, they stay silent without revealing it for press for
having received monetary benefits to do so. If
media personnel are found to be guilty for not having
exposed the scam or corruption intentionally, they have to
be prosecuted and their license be withdrawn.
Make Media responsible
and fix laws to be so

42. Many people compete for government jobs and in the
process there are corruption happening in the selection of
candidates for the posts. So let the selection criteria and
procedure used be transparent and any misconduct from
this should be punishable.
Also while allotment of natural resources for business
companies, the selection of bids should be transparent.
There should be online details with regards to the benefit to
the government, the purchase price and even benefit to the
company out of the deals. This will limit the corruption
related to quid pro quo.
Verify the selection procedures

43. This is another factor for keeping corruption high and also
persistent. Due to rise in prices, any amount of income
seems to be insufficient.
This inflation is a corruption involving politicians and
businessmen. Businessmen try to rise the prices to sell their
inventory or stock of goods at higher price. For this
the politicians support them and are paid monetary or other
benefits. This is a cheap business tactic but even the so
called richest business magnets play this corruption game.
Keep inflation low

44. Many cases of corruption take years to be given verdict. This
delay in cases creates lack of fear for being corrupt and also
huge time span for court trials gives sufficient time to make
alterations in the witness. Establishing fast track courts and
giving severe punishment for corruption practice will keep a
control on corruption.
Speed up the judgment and
increase the courts

45. Governance & Corruption AssessmentsGovernance & Corruption Assessments
International Corruption Perception
Index

46. Financial Management & Good GovernanceFinancial Management & Good Governance
► solely for purpose intended & results-orientated
► in accordance with AWPB
► in conformity with administrative, technical, financial, environmental,
agricultural & rural development practices & good governance
► ensuring value for money
► following best practice
► with considerations of efficiency & effectiveness
Good financial management means that funds are
used:

47. What can you do?What can you do?

48. What can you do?What can you do?
► Prevent: Perform best practice FM practices regularly and consistently
(e.g. bank/ SA reconciliations, filing of documents/backups)
► Transparency: Ensure all FM procedures & processes are diligently & fully
followed
► Encourage & facilitate reports of concerns: Challenge suggestions/requests
to carry out tasks/practices which do not seem in line with (standard)
procedures
► Contact Authorities: If you feel that your superior(s) has not taken your
complaints seriously (need to present evidence) and/or need advice

49. What can you do?What can you do?
“Whenever you are in doubt…recall the face of
the poorest and weakest man who you have
seen and ask yourself, if the step you
contemplate is going to be of any use to him?
Will he gain anything by it? Will it restore him to
control over his own life and destiny?...Then
you will find your doubts and your self melting
away.”
Mahatma Gandhi

50.  Presentation By:
 Dr. Abhiram Kulshreshtha
 MA- Public Administration,
 Education,
 History.
 MSW
 LL. B
 MBA
 M.Phil- Management,
 Education,
 History.
 PhD – Management,
 Education
 D.Sc – Business Administration
 Mobile: 91-9910544008
 Email id: director@nierindia.info;
 nierindia@gmail.com

51. Thank YouThank You