3D Printing, Customization, and Product Lines

1. Customiza*on and 3D Prin*ng A Challenging Playground for So3ware Product Lines Mathieu Acher, Benoit Baudry, Olivier Barais, Jean-‐Marc Jézéquel

2. 3D Print your 3D Printer

3. Puppets 5

7. So7ware product line (SPL) perspec*ve 3D PrinIng is gaining momentum – CustomizaIon also • SPL? Variability? • « the ability of a so3ware system or arIfact to be efficiently extended, changed, customized or configured for use in a parIcular context » • Can SPL engineering learn from 3D prin*ng? • Can 3D prin*ng benefit from SPL engineering? 10

8. Field/ethnographic study We observed how a community of people (i.e, the Thingiverse community) interacts and collaborates for achieving a technical work (i.e., customizing and producing 3D models) 11

9. Playground 12

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11. No need to hide, there is an “open” access to data 14

12. Analysis of Thingiverse 15

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16. 19 .scad

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18. Documenta*on (hLp://customizer.makerbot.com/docs) 21

19. We observed how a community of people (i.e, the Thingiverse community) interacts and collaborates for achieving a technical work (i.e., customizing and producing 3D models) Preconcep*on: product line perspec*ve Variability Modeling Variability Implementation 22 Configuration Reuse

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22. Conditional statements hell 25

23. 33 imbrications “else” not necessarily here 26

24. 27 Configuration Clone and Own

25. 28 Reuse

26. Key Results (1) • Variability Modeling and ConfiguraIon – Variability concepts are here – No constraints – ConfiguraIon • Configurator • Visibility / SeparaIon of Concerns • Many configuraIon issues – Huge complexity • 38 parameters, 8 tabs, 10^28 configuraIons 29

27. Key Results (2) • ImplementaIon – Parameterized Procedures – CondiIonal Statements • 33 imbricaIons – pre-‐compiled datastructures • themselves parameterizable • DerivaIon – You can visualize your result before prinIng • Limited reuse mechanism 30

28. So What? • Will So3ware Product Line Engineering save the world? • Can help, can learn • Challenges ahead 31

29. Capture Specific Things • Physical properIes – Are we even able to print the 3D product • Specific to the product – knowledge out there • So3ware level 32

30. Complexity and Cogni*ve Effort • Keeping a low cogniIve effort – Not necessarily so3ware developers • More sophisIcated techniques induce someImes accidental complexity 33

31. Cost-‐benefit Tradeoff • Cost of applying more sophisIcated techniques versus benefit of upfront investment • Pay off when? – For dozens of people in their garage? – For millions of rich people? 34

32. Challenging Playground 35

33. Future • Automated techniques to support large scale, more comprehensive analysis – Beyond an exploratory and very manual analysis – We have an infrastructure to mine Things and analyze .scad files • Adressing the challenges • Helping a community like Thingiverse to master the complexity 36

34. OpenJSCAD 37