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AdAptA project:
Population size and population origin for
marginal/peripheral populations
•Alfredo García Fernández
•Carlos Lara-Romero
•Javier Morente-López
•Mª Luisa Rubio Teso
•Jose Carmen Soto Correa
•José M. Iriondo Alegría
•COST ACTION MaP JACA 2014.
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
• High mountain ecosystems, highly endangered by global change.
• For many alpine species, Mediterranean mountains are southern limit of distribution (glacial
refugee).
• Upward/latitudinal migration is not an option.
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
• High mountain ecosystems, highly endangered by global change.
• For many alpine species, Mediterranean mountains are southern limit of distribution (glacial
refugee).
• Upward/latitudina migration is not an option.
• Adaptation as one of the main response against new environmental conditions.
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
• High mountain ecosystems, highly endangered by global change.
• For many alpine species, Mediterranean mountains are southern limit of distribution (glacial
refugee).
• Upward migration is not an option.
• Adaptation as one of the main response against new environmental conditions.
• Introduction of “altitude variable” in the consideration of Central - Periphery populations
e.g. One population in the southern distribution limit but at intermediate altitude could be
considered marginal population?
Local gradient VS Whole distribution.
Silene ciliata Pourret
• Perennial cushion plant.
• Mediterranean mountain plant
• Central System (Central Iberian Peninsula) southern limit
of species distribution.
• Small occupation area. Certain population isolation.
• Inhabit altitude range from 1900 to 2500 m.a.s.l.
o High phenotypic variability
o Population genetic
o Limited dispersal availability
o Demographic fitness
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Not a forest species
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Importance of gene flow and population size in evolutionary potential in marginal populations
FITNESS
Evolutive potentialGenetic diversity
Marginal populations
Gene flow between populations of different size.
BIG/SMALL
(Lemu & Fischer 2008)
Natural
selection
Gene flow between populations
CENTRER/PERIPHERY
(Sexton et. al. 2011)
?
?
OBJETIVES
Evaluate the effects of gene-flow between Center-Periphery VS Periphery-Periphery and
population size in the biological performance of individuals from marginal populations of S.
ciliata.
QUESTIONS:
(1) Can be improved the viability of marginal populations by gene flow with pollen from
populations that occur in the environmental optimum conditions of the species?
OR MAYBE
(2) Could be more effective the gene flow with pollen from other marginal populations that
are under similar selective pressures?
AND ALSO
(3) What is the influence of population size in the population viability?
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Definition of centrer and periphery
A critical step for our approach is the definition of center and periphery populations
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Ávila
SegoviaSalamanca
Madrid
• Environmental point of view instead
of geographic
• MAXENT approach with
environmental values that explain the
species distribution.
• Identification of center and periphery
populations
Definition of centrer and periphery
A critical step for our approach is the definition of center and periphery populations
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
GuadarramaGredosBéjar
• Central Big Population
• Peripheric Big Population
• Peripheric Small Population
EXPERIMENT 1:
1. In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and Intra-
populations).
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Planteamiento Diseño PreguntasIntroducción
Periphery Big from other mountain range
Periphery Small A
Central Big A
Periphery Big A
• Each periphery population received
pollen from itself, from the central of
its same mountain range and from
other peripheral of the same or bigger
population size.
Experiment 1: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual
crossings (Inter- and Intra-populations). Periphery effects
• Plant cuttings from 20 mother plants in each population
Experiment 1: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual
crossings (Inter- and Intra-populations).
• Manual crossings.
• Seed sowing in situ in periphery populations:
• 3 types of crossings.
• Control of intrapopulation variability.
• Block design to avoid environmental heterogeneity
• Production of clonal families from cuttings.
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
180 mother plants!
14400 cuttings!!!
18000 crosses!!!
Experiment 1: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter-
and Intra-populations).
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
24000 SEEDS !!!!!!
Béjar
Guadarrama
Gredos
¿?
¿?
¿?
Experiment 2: In-situ Common Garden essays
using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and
Intra-populations). Full effects.
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Periphery Small
Central Big
Periphery Big
Periphery Small
Central Big
Periphery Big
Periphery Small
Central Big
Periphery Big
Experiment 3: Transcriptome comparisons during the seedling stage
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Periphery population
Central population
Seed collection Greenhouse sowing ARN extraction and
sequencing
Plant ARN
after
drought
treatment
Plant ARN
control
Some ideas…
• Experiment 1: Common garden approach, Periphery effects:
Sowing design.
• Experiment 2: Common garden approach, Full effects:
Following the same design as experiment 1, > 50,000 seeds.
•Experiment 3: Transcriptome approach:
Experience in NGS?
Drought treatment?
Pool individuals
Ideas & Objetives
Designs &
Experiments
QueriesIntroduction
Thanks for your attention
AdAptA project:
Population size and population origin for
marginal/peripheral populations
•Alfredo García Fernández
•Carlos Lara-Romero
•Javier Morente-López
•Mª Luisa Rubio Teso
•Jose Carmen Soto Correa
•José M. Iriondo Alegría
•COST ACTION MaP JACA 2014.

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Workshop jaca spain 2014_alfredo garcia fernandez

  • 1. AdAptA project: Population size and population origin for marginal/peripheral populations •Alfredo García Fernández •Carlos Lara-Romero •Javier Morente-López •Mª Luisa Rubio Teso •Jose Carmen Soto Correa •José M. Iriondo Alegría •COST ACTION MaP JACA 2014.
  • 2. Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction • High mountain ecosystems, highly endangered by global change. • For many alpine species, Mediterranean mountains are southern limit of distribution (glacial refugee). • Upward/latitudinal migration is not an option.
  • 3. Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction • High mountain ecosystems, highly endangered by global change. • For many alpine species, Mediterranean mountains are southern limit of distribution (glacial refugee). • Upward/latitudina migration is not an option. • Adaptation as one of the main response against new environmental conditions.
  • 4. Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction • High mountain ecosystems, highly endangered by global change. • For many alpine species, Mediterranean mountains are southern limit of distribution (glacial refugee). • Upward migration is not an option. • Adaptation as one of the main response against new environmental conditions. • Introduction of “altitude variable” in the consideration of Central - Periphery populations e.g. One population in the southern distribution limit but at intermediate altitude could be considered marginal population? Local gradient VS Whole distribution.
  • 5. Silene ciliata Pourret • Perennial cushion plant. • Mediterranean mountain plant • Central System (Central Iberian Peninsula) southern limit of species distribution. • Small occupation area. Certain population isolation. • Inhabit altitude range from 1900 to 2500 m.a.s.l. o High phenotypic variability o Population genetic o Limited dispersal availability o Demographic fitness Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction Not a forest species
  • 6. Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction Importance of gene flow and population size in evolutionary potential in marginal populations FITNESS Evolutive potentialGenetic diversity Marginal populations Gene flow between populations of different size. BIG/SMALL (Lemu & Fischer 2008) Natural selection Gene flow between populations CENTRER/PERIPHERY (Sexton et. al. 2011) ? ?
  • 7. OBJETIVES Evaluate the effects of gene-flow between Center-Periphery VS Periphery-Periphery and population size in the biological performance of individuals from marginal populations of S. ciliata. QUESTIONS: (1) Can be improved the viability of marginal populations by gene flow with pollen from populations that occur in the environmental optimum conditions of the species? OR MAYBE (2) Could be more effective the gene flow with pollen from other marginal populations that are under similar selective pressures? AND ALSO (3) What is the influence of population size in the population viability? Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction
  • 8. Definition of centrer and periphery A critical step for our approach is the definition of center and periphery populations Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction Ávila SegoviaSalamanca Madrid
  • 9. • Environmental point of view instead of geographic • MAXENT approach with environmental values that explain the species distribution. • Identification of center and periphery populations Definition of centrer and periphery A critical step for our approach is the definition of center and periphery populations Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction
  • 10. GuadarramaGredosBéjar • Central Big Population • Peripheric Big Population • Peripheric Small Population EXPERIMENT 1: 1. In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and Intra- populations). Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction
  • 11. Planteamiento Diseño PreguntasIntroducción Periphery Big from other mountain range Periphery Small A Central Big A Periphery Big A • Each periphery population received pollen from itself, from the central of its same mountain range and from other peripheral of the same or bigger population size. Experiment 1: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and Intra-populations). Periphery effects
  • 12. • Plant cuttings from 20 mother plants in each population Experiment 1: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and Intra-populations). • Manual crossings. • Seed sowing in situ in periphery populations: • 3 types of crossings. • Control of intrapopulation variability. • Block design to avoid environmental heterogeneity • Production of clonal families from cuttings. Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction 180 mother plants! 14400 cuttings!!! 18000 crosses!!!
  • 13. Experiment 1: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and Intra-populations). Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction 24000 SEEDS !!!!!!
  • 14. Béjar Guadarrama Gredos ¿? ¿? ¿? Experiment 2: In-situ Common Garden essays using seeds from manual crossings (Inter- and Intra-populations). Full effects. Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction Periphery Small Central Big Periphery Big Periphery Small Central Big Periphery Big Periphery Small Central Big Periphery Big
  • 15. Experiment 3: Transcriptome comparisons during the seedling stage Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction Periphery population Central population Seed collection Greenhouse sowing ARN extraction and sequencing Plant ARN after drought treatment Plant ARN control
  • 16. Some ideas… • Experiment 1: Common garden approach, Periphery effects: Sowing design. • Experiment 2: Common garden approach, Full effects: Following the same design as experiment 1, > 50,000 seeds. •Experiment 3: Transcriptome approach: Experience in NGS? Drought treatment? Pool individuals Ideas & Objetives Designs & Experiments QueriesIntroduction
  • 17. Thanks for your attention
  • 18. AdAptA project: Population size and population origin for marginal/peripheral populations •Alfredo García Fernández •Carlos Lara-Romero •Javier Morente-López •Mª Luisa Rubio Teso •Jose Carmen Soto Correa •José M. Iriondo Alegría •COST ACTION MaP JACA 2014.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. En esta charla voy a presentar el planteamiento de uno de los estudios enmarcados en el proyecto AdAptA con el que realizaré mi tesis doctoral. Estamos iniciando este proyecto y queremos exponer nuestros planteamientos con el fin de recibir feedback. Os voy a hablar de uno de los experimentos que tenemos planteados en relación al flujo génico vía polen y de su influencia sobre la viabilidad de las poblaciones. (leer la pregunta que engloba esto)
  2. Nos planteamos: ¿Cuál es el valor en términos adaptativos de las poblaciones marginales de una especie? Estas poblaciones pueden presentar dos posibles escenarios. Uno en el cual son poblaciones adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales y por ello el flujo sería positivo en términos adaptativos. Otro en el cual son poblaciones con una diversidad genética baja, con procesos de endogamia y/o deriva genética y por ello el flujo sería negativo en términos adaptativos.
  3. Nos planteamos: ¿Cuál es el valor en términos adaptativos de las poblaciones marginales de una especie? Estas poblaciones pueden presentar dos posibles escenarios. Uno en el cual son poblaciones adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales y por ello el flujo sería positivo en términos adaptativos. Otro en el cual son poblaciones con una diversidad genética baja, con procesos de endogamia y/o deriva genética y por ello el flujo sería negativo en términos adaptativos.
  4. Nos planteamos: ¿Cuál es el valor en términos adaptativos de las poblaciones marginales de una especie? Estas poblaciones pueden presentar dos posibles escenarios. Uno en el cual son poblaciones adaptadas a las condiciones ambientales y por ello el flujo sería positivo en términos adaptativos. Otro en el cual son poblaciones con una diversidad genética baja, con procesos de endogamia y/o deriva genética y por ello el flujo sería negativo en términos adaptativos.
  5. Aquí os presento la especie con la que trabajamos. Todas estas características la hacen que sea de gran interés para este estudio. Además disponemos ya de una buena información previa de la especie ya que nuestro equipo lleva varios años estudiándola. (estudios de dispersión, microsatélites diseñados, estudio de diversidad genética entre poblaciones, estudios de éxito reproductivo, su distribución, dispersión, estudios de polinización…)
  6. Aquí os presento la especie con la que trabajamos. Todas estas características la hacen que sea de gran interés para este estudio. Además disponemos ya de una buena información previa de la especie ya que nuestro equipo lleva varios años estudiándola. (estudios de dispersión, microsatélites diseñados, estudio de diversidad genética entre poblaciones, estudios de éxito reproductivo, su distribución, dispersión, estudios de polinización…)
  7. En concreto en este estudio nos planteamos: Queremos evaluar el efecto del flujo génico en relación al tamaño (grandes/pequeñas) y a la procedencia de las poblaciones (centro/periferia). Flujo genético vía polen desde poblaciones centro o periferia. Flujo genético vía polen hacia poblaciones grandes o pequeñas.
  8. Uno de los principales determinantes a la hora de planifcar el estudio era definir a que llamamos poblaciones centrales y a que llamamos poblaciones periféricas. Utilizamos en concepto de centro y periferia desde el puto de vista ambiental. No utilizamos el concepto de marginalidad geográfica sino ambiental. Para ello realizamos un estudio previo de las variables ambientales determinantes en la distrubución de la especie con MAXENT. Con ello definimos las zonas periféricas y centrales. El tamaño poblacional se realizó mediante censos
  9. Uno de los principales determinantes a la hora de planifcar el estudio era definir a que llamamos poblaciones centrales y a que llamamos poblaciones periféricas. Utilizamos en concepto de centro y periferia desde el puto de vista ambiental. No utilizamos el concepto de marginalidad geográfica sino ambiental. Para ello realizamos un estudio previo de las variables ambientales determinantes en la distrubución de la especie con MAXENT. Con ello definimos las zonas periféricas y centrales. El tamaño poblacional se realizó mediante censos
  10. En nuestro estudio realizaremos ensayos de jardín común in situ en tres montañas, Bejar Guadarrama y Gredos. Seleccionaremos tres poblaciones por cada una de ellas, una central grande y una periférica grande y otra pequeña.
  11. Pare testar los dos factores de los que hablábamos (centro periferia y tamaño poblacional)… este es nuestro diseño de cruzamientos (explicarlo). Al meter en el diseño el flujo génico de una población de otra montaña se nos introduce un factor en el estudio que es el flujo genético entre diferentes cordilleras
  12. Habiendo elegido las poblaciones nuestro planteamiento del experimento es el siguiente: Voy a exponer en especial las dudas que nos surgen en relación a los cruzamientos que queremos realizar y en relación a la información que se puede sacar de ellos.
  13. Habiendo elegido las poblaciones nuestro planteamiento del experimento es el siguiente: Voy a exponer en especial las dudas que nos surgen en relación a los cruzamientos que queremos realizar y en relación a la información que se puede sacar de ellos.
  14. También nos planteamos el interés de realizar el mismo cruzamiento pero con las poblaciones periféricas de menos tamaño. Con ello mejoraríamos el diseño para estudiar el flujo génetico entre cordilleras
  15. También nos planteamos el interés de realizar el mismo cruzamiento pero con las poblaciones periféricas de menos tamaño. Con ello mejoraríamos el diseño para estudiar el flujo génetico entre cordilleras
  16. Con este diseño que planteamos y estos cruzamientos… ¿Se podría responder las cuestiones que nos planteamos? (Centro vs. Periferia. Grande vs. Pequeña. Procedencia) ¿Es interesante incluir el factor de procedencia? ¿Deberíamos centrarnos solo en los otros?
  17. En esta charla voy a presentar el planteamiento de uno de los estudios enmarcados en el proyecto AdAptA con el que realizaré mi tesis doctoral. Estamos iniciando este proyecto y queremos exponer nuestros planteamientos con el fin de recibir feedback. Os voy a hablar de uno de los experimentos que tenemos planteados en relación al flujo génico vía polen y de su influencia sobre la viabilidad de las poblaciones. (leer la pregunta que engloba esto)