Networks A2

Computer Networks (A2) ( PSC as an example) Charles Parish [email_address]

Topics we’ll cover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OSI Protocol Stack Example Description OSI Level N Cables, connectors etc. Electrical properties of the cable Physical 1 Ethernet Transmit & receive packets Data Link 2 IP Packet routing Network 3 TCP Transport – guaranteed delivery of packets Transport 4 Authentication e.g. SSL Session 5 Data compression e.g. ASCII, MPEG Presentation 6 In practice these three layers combine in TCP/IP as ‘layer 7’ HTTP, SMTP Programs communicating over network e.g. SMTP, HTTP Application 7

Network Connectivity (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Connections (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Connections (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Devices (1) ,[object Object],Computer A sends data to computer D Data are broadcast to all computers

Network Devices (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Devices (3) ,[object Object],Computer A sends data to computer D Data are sent to computer D only

Network Devices (4) ,[object Object],A router connects two (or more) different networks such as an Ethernet LAN and a Frame Relay (leased line) or ADSL (commonly called broadband) WAN Note: Some switches now also route between ethernet VLANs (virtual networks) or subnets. These are called layer 3 or routing switches. LAN WAN

Baseband v Broadband Long distances 1km max before repeater E.g. cable TV E.g. Ethernet Can have multiple channels One channel Transmission in one direction Transmission in both directions Analogue signalling Digital signalling Broadband Baseband

Network Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Packet Encapsulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ethernet Address (Layer 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ethernet Packet (Layer 2) Destination Address Ethernet MAC address of the destination host, 6 bytes (48-bits) Source Address Ethernet MAC address of the source host, 6bytes (48-bits) EtherType Type of data encapsulated, e.g. IP, ARP, RARP, etc, 16-bits. Data Field Data area, 46-1500 bytes, which has CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check, used for error detection

Internet Protocol - Layer 3 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Transport Protocol – Layer 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TCP/IP subnets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Network Operating Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some Links ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Networks A2

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