This document provides an overview of biodiesel presented by Ken Fryer to the City of Coquitlam. It defines biodiesel and discusses its benefits including emission reductions and price competitiveness compared to petroleum diesel. The presentation outlines biodiesel's history, feedstocks, manufacturing process, users in Canada including many BC municipalities and private fleets, distribution and purchasing in BC, and operational considerations. It provides details on a BC municipal biodiesel pilot project and its successful results. The presentation concludes with recommendations for developing a biodiesel action plan and information on tools like a biodiesel calculator and green fleet accreditation.
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Biodiesel kenfryer 2
1. Biodiesel Presentation - MED/MMCD Fall 2006
Seminar & Annual General Meeting
Presented by Ken Fryer
City of Coquitlam
November 24, 2006
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Key Biodiesel Questions
• What is biodiesel? What’s it made from?
• What does it look, feel and smell like?
• Benefits from using biodiesel?
• Who is using it now, who makes it,
where can you buy it?
• How do you use it, which engines, fuel
management, operational issues, cold
weather issues, warranties, etc
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Biodiesel – Not A New Fuel
• 1895
– Rudolf Diesel designed the "diesel-cycle" engine
• First fuel?
– Biodiesel - Peanut oil
• Supplanted by Petro-diesel
– Due to availability, distribution, consistent quality, pricing
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Biodiesel – Why Now?
• Three Powerful Reasons
– Emission Reductions
– $ Pricing
– Diversity/Security of Supply
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What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel:
• An low-emissions, high lubricating alternative diesel fuel
produced from renewable sources,
• Non-toxic, Biodegradable
• Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to fuel
diesel engines.
Biodiesel is not:
• Raw or refined vegetable oils, or recycled greases that have
not undergone chemical processing.
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Biodiesel Users – Canada
• Toronto Hydro
• City of Brampton
• Kingston Transit
• City of Victoria
• BC Transit (Victoria)
• City of Calgary
• Saskatoon Transit
• Ont. Private Fleets
• BC Lower Mainland Municipalities
• BC Lower Mainland Private Fleets- Van Port Authority, Rempel Concrete
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BC Tax Information
"The biodiesel portion of a blend of biodiesel and diesel
is exempt from tax if the biodiesel portion
is not less than 5% or more than 50% of the volume of
the blend”
Source: Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Provincial Revenue
IN BC LOWER MAINLAND, THE MOTOR FUEL TAX
IS 21 CENTS/LITRE
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BC Distribution
• Distribution
– Available now at 2 retail stations (Burnaby), (Delta)
– Vancouver racks for regional distribution
– BC Municipal Buying Group (BCPPBG)
• Delivery Options
– B100 delivered – Bulk and Tote (1000L)
– B5 - B50 blends delivered (pre-blended)
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Where to Buy
• Suppliers in BC
– 4 Refuel (Mini-Tankers) Canada Ltd.
– Agri-Green Biodiesel Inc.
– Canadian Bioenergy Corporation
– Cascadia Biofuels Inc.
– Ecofuels Canada Inc.
– ProQuip Onsite Refuelling Ltd.
– Recycling Alternatives
– West Coast Biodiesel Inc.
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Biodiesel – Before you Buy
• Quality Control
– Supplier must deliver ASTM D6751 Standard fuel
– Quality control (BQ9000) Producer/Distributor
– Supplier/Distributor to provide:
• Guarantee in writing that fuel meets ASTM
• Certificate of Analysis for each batch delivered
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BC Biodiesel Pilot Project
• BC Municipalities Group Pilot Project (2004)
• Richmond, North Van, Vancouver, Delta, Whistler, Burnaby
– 6 Municipalities used a B20 blend (12,000 L B100)
– Used in a number of conventional diesel engines
• Cat, Cummins, Detroit, Kubota, Ford, International, GM, Peugeot,
John Deere, New Holland
– Blended and distributed the biodiesel on site
– Conducted extensive emission testing
– Funding FCM, GVRD and individual Cities.
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BC Municipalities Pilot
• Project Goals
– Would biodiesel really work in BC environment?
– Confirm EPA reductions in “real life” operations
– Use a variety of equipment types & applications
– Share information and results
– First hand knowledge of how it would function
– Educate staff
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Methodology & Results
• Talked to other users
• Worked with fuel suppliers & reviewed delivery methods
• Tested emissions & performance (Westport
Innovations/Finning)
• Pilot was very successful
• BC Municipal pooled purchasing group has
option to purchase of up to 2 million L
of B100 delivered as blended fuel
• Largest single biodiesel supply contract
in Canada
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Project Learnings - Overall
• VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS: None
• PERFORMANCE: Minimal impact on torque, power and fuel
economy
• LUBRICITY: Increased lubricity can improve vehicle life
• IGNITION: Higher Cetane values improves ignition quality
• NOISE: Vehicle runs more quietly
• EXHAUST: Tailpipe emissions are cleaner and smell better
• SEALS & GASKETS: May need upgrade if >B20 & <1994
• FILTERS: Change filter 2X for transition period
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Warranties
• B5 is acceptable to all engine and fuel
injector OEM’s
• OEM Warranty Statements at
www.BCBiofleet.ca
• B20 has not triggered warranty issues
• Engine Manufacturers Association- B20
• Talk to experienced users
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Winter Operations
• Treat as a fuel (WHMIS, safety, etc)
– “Cleaning” / solvent effect (filters, tanks, hoses)
– Storage - Moisture - “the enemy” Desiccant filters on tank vents
– Long Term Storage - 9 months max, or use biocides with monthly examination
• Biodiesel blending must be
carefully managed at cold temps
Fuel Handling
Tank Preparation
•Properly cleaned, tested and vents are capped.
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• Biodiesel improves lubricity
– Should increase service life of sensitive injection pump models
– Blends of B20 or greater not recommended for 1994 and older injection pumps
due to deterioration of natural rubber components
Pumps
Fuel Filters
- Use OEM recommended filters with correct micron rating
- Change at OEM recommended intervals after initial cleanout period
- Only use pre-filtered fuel in vehicles
- More frequent changes recommended in first 100 hours of operation
Hoses
- Fuel lines should be checked as part of regular maintenance
- Natural rubber hoses and seals may deteriorate and cause leaks
with B100. - B20 data indicates no problems with natural rubber
components
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Biodiesel Action Plan
Be Clear - What do you want to achieve?
– Environmental benefits
– GHG emissions reduction
– Public image
Select Biodiesel Blend - B2, B5, B20?
– All or some part of your fleet? Timeline?
Assess Suppliers
– Will current fuel supplier provide a biodiesel blend? Get BC
Biodiesel suppliers list.- BQ9000 certified.
Assess Costs
– Per Litre, fuel economy, other capital investments.
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Biodiesel Action Plan
Confirm Technical Spec’s
– Ensure biodiesel meets ASTM D6751 Standard
– Obtain biodiesel supplier fuel quality guarantees
– Cross-check engine warranty issues
Plan Fleet Use
– Are any vehicles using a biodiesel blend travelling to areas
where cold temperatures will be a factor?
– Refuelling outside biodiesel supply area
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Biodiesel Action Plan
Decide on Operational Issues
– Where will biodiesel be stored? (B5 treat just like diesel;
other blends depend on CP of biodiesel and diesel)
– How will biodiesel be blended with diesel? Temperatures?
– Preparation of tanks and vehicles?
– Filter replacement scheduling?
– Staff training and education?
Monitor Use
– Performance and maintenance
Review Overall Program
– Change or expand biodiesel program as needed
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Biodiesel Calculator
• Purpose – Calculate emissions reductions from using
biodiesel for a particular vehicle
• Simple to use
• Developed in consultation with fleet managers,
emissions specialists, industry
• Available at www.bcbiofleet.ca
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Green Fleet Accreditation
Fleet Rating System to assist progressive fleets that want
to increase fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, implement
Green Standards, incorporate new technologies and
use alternative fuels
