An overview of marine biodiversity economic importance threats mass extinction

1. Presented By Afrasiyab Ahmed
Presented to Dr.Waqas jadoon

2.  The word “Diversity "mean “variation”
 Definition
The variability among the plants form the marine
or aquatic ecosystem is called as Marine plant
diversity.
 It includes diversity within species, between
species and of an ecosystem

3.  5-30 million species are estimated in the world
 1.7 million species are nomenclature
 Which is 13% of the total species (250 years)
 1.2 million are animal
 0.5 million are plants
 Every year 15,000 species are discovered

4.  Oceans occupy 70% of earth
 Almost 71% biodiversity live in water
 About 5 million species are lives oceans (unclassified)
 Over 50% of humans live in the coastal zone
 Marine plants are few in number it includes algae, sea
grasses and see weeds etc

5.  Marine plants are of two major types
 Sea grasses and algae
 Sea grasses are the complex type
 algae are the simplest type
 Sea grasses are
 Algae are Chlorophyta, Rodophyta,Pheophyta etc

6.  Sea grasses

7.  Phytoplankton are the smallest (single celled) plants
 Diatoms forms glassy microscopic cells forms chains
 Few marine are angiosperms which are found near the
tropical coasts
 Chlorophyta are the most common type of marine plants
 About 200,000 algae species are exist
 While 36,000 have been identified

8.  Red algae have pigment Phycoerythrin
 They are largest & diverse
 They are adhere to the corals thus creating reefs

9.  Marine plants live near the sea shores, salt marshes
and open seas worldwide
 Gaint kelps found in south pacific in warm
coastal water

10.  It may be found in ice
 i.e ice algae found live in floating sheets

11.  Algae may live inside marine animals
 they may have a symbiotic relationship
 i.e. between algae and corals
 Corals secrets enzymes to algae which release
carbohydrates while algae to received N2 form
corals waste
 Algae are also shaded from sunlight by coral
pigments

12.  Species have different physical and biological
requirments
 E.g
 Some algae grows in optimally in sunlight
while some prefer low light.
It meant that one make a crown while other
grow in a shadow of that plant .

13.  So that there are two ramifications
 1- two forms can live without depriving the
other needs
 Together they would more food for others
species than form alone
 This use of complementary use of resources
are also called as complementary effect .

14.  oceans represent 95% of the earth’s
biosphere
 70% oxygen are produced by marine plants
which are regulated in atmosphere
 As a sources of nutrients i.e DHA
 Docosahexaaenoic acid found in human milk
 About 40% of the baby formula are made by
these algae

15.  Algae Duanliella bardawil contains B-
carotene which are converted into Vitamin-
A by human body
 Red algae are used in seaweed drinks also
use for thickeners for cooking

16.  Food resources i.e agriculture fish & seafood
 biomedicals research . Certains
Pharmaceutical products are obtain
 Industries: textiles , buildings materials and
cosmetics
 Tourism and recreations i.e beaches,
forests, etc

17.  The marine environment provides us with
 Natural beauty (used for recreation)
 Goods (food, medicine, drugs, energy)
 Services (e.g. moderation of climate and
weather
 Employment (e.g. fisheries, tourism)
 Sense of Stewardship/Cultural identity
 Education on evolution, ecology

18.  Increasing the human populations out of
balance the scale of natural resources
 Heavy consumptions and exploitation of
natural resources
 Destruction of ecosystem and habitat due to
urbanization
 water Pollution
 Global climate change
 Ecological disaster i.e. large scale fire and
floods

19.  It has been estimated that about 17,000 to
100,000 species are eliminated each year
 In these extinction majority includes plants
 This happing due to the human activity

20. • A Mass Extinction is an event in which very
large numbers of species die out in a relatively
short period of time
• An estimated 34,000 plant and 5,200 animal
species - including one in eight of the world's
bird species – currently face extinction

21. • 1972 United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
 Regional & international agreements to tackle
biodiversity issues (e.g. protecting wetlands
and regulating trade in endangered species);
helped to slow the destruction but have not
reversed it

22.  1987 World Commission on Environment &
Development
 "Humanity has the ability to make development
sustainable-to ensure that it meets needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs"

23.  1992 Rio Earth Summit-Convention on
Biological Diversity
Agreement to conserve biological diversity, to use its
components in a sustainable way, and to ensure fair and
equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic
resources. Ratified by over 175 countries

24. Thank you!