6th World Water Forum 2012, presentation

1. SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
VERSeau Développement
é l
Agropolis International
14 March, 2012

2. Association VERSeau
ssociation Seau
Développement
Pierre CHEVALLIER, President
Interfacing and
f g
facilitation through
collaboration between
VERSeau’s objective is to
research, industry and
create synergies regarding
public authorities the institutional, technical
and legal aspects of water
resources management

3. Activities of VERSeau Développement
Coordination of the Quality Charter Hosting the Executive Office of
for Sanitation Networks in Languedoc‐
Networks in Languedoc International Water Resources
Roussillon Association
Quality Charter IWRA
Development of and
participation to Missions Coordination and
international projects promotion of scientific
projects
Expertise
CIRCLE MED
European Project Support to local and national public
and CIRCLE 2
CLIMPARKS policy
Cooperation programmes with th
C ti ith the
Conseil Général de l’Hérault
Support to Global Competitiviness Cluster for Water

4. Latest publication
Synthesis of
CIRCLE MED project
CIRCLE‐MED project
results and recommendations
to decision makers
to decision‐makers on different
aspects of water management
issues in Mediterranean coastal
Available online:
areas under climate change
www.circle‐med.net conditions.

5. Association VERSeau
Développement
Domaine de Lavalette
859, rue Jean‐François Breton
34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
p
+33 (0)4 67 61 04 00
verseau@verseaudeveloppement.com
verseau@verseaudeveloppement com
www.verseaudeveloppement.com

6. Agropolis International
World centre for agriculture, food and environmental sciences
www.agropolis.org
Paul LUU, Director
l i

7. A springboard for inter‐institutional exchange
5 •Montpellier 1,2 and 3,
universities Nîmes and Perpignan
10 •Montpellier SupAgro,
p p g ,
CIHEAM/IAM.M,
higher AgroParisTech/ENGREF,
educational ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, 28 higher
institutes Sup de Co EMA CODIGE
Sup de Co, EMA, CODIGE
d i
education
•National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex
, , (
and research
13 research
CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS,
IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD
institutes are
institutes •International: Bioversity members of
International, CSIRO, EMBRAPA,
International CSIRO EMBRAPA
USDA Agropolis
International

8. Pooled resources and expertise
3 g
3 agricultural
centres,
• Specialised research
5 university hubs: remote sensing,
ubs: e ote se s g,
campuses and water sciences, human
sciences
3 research sites • Technology platforms:
gy p
Ecotron, MEDIMEER,
Station aquacole de Palavas,
genotyping‐sequencing‐
cloning, phenotyping,
l i g h t i g
bioinformatics,
80 research Common high‐ polyphenols, fractionation
units, mainly performance of plant material,
p ,
inter‐ environmental
infrastructures technology…
organizational
• Collections,
databases…

9. Comprehensive training opportunities
156 degree courses, professional and academic
Technicians, engineers, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
6 graduate schools
Over 600 Ph.D. students
Continuing education packages
Short or long‐term
(standard or customized)
Training engineering

10. The highest concentration in Europe
g p
for research and training in
Agriculture, Food, Biodiversity, Environment
• 2 300 researchers and
2,300 researchers and
teachers
•O
Over 5,000 students and
d d
trainees
10,000 people overall

11. An international platform open to
Mediterranean and tropical regions
French institutions specialized in international cooperation:
Cirad, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro/IRC
International institutions: CIHEAM‐IAMM, ICRA, Bioversity
International
Foreign laboratories (Australia, Brazil, USA) and
international program representatives (CPWF)
p g p ( )
Network integration: CGIAR, AgriNATURA, CILBA…
New headquarters of the CGIAR Consortium

12. Open to stakeholders of economic and
agricultural development
Members of Agropolis I t
M b f A li International
ti l
Transfer and interface bodies: Transferts LR, ACTA, ACTIA
Company representatives: LRIA, CRCI, VERSeau
Company representatives: LRIA CRCI VERSeau Développement
Consultancy and company offices: BRL, IBMA, ITK, Cade…
Collaboration with several competitiveness clusters
Integration of competitiveness clusters and technology
g f p gy
parks in international networks

13. Roles, missions and ventures
Coordination and organization of
g f
the regional scientific community
Promotion of expertise worldwide
Global support for regional
innovation stakeholders
isibilit
visibility
Management of partnerships forum
f
facilitation
and collective projects
d ll ti j t
added value
subsidiarity

14. Expertise of the regional scientific community
in the field of water
Thierry RIEU, Director of AgroParisTech center of Montpellier
y , g p

15. Expertise of the regional scientific community
in the field of water
18 research units involved
Gathering 800 scientists
G th i g 800 i ti t
Interacting with 10
international cooperation or
valorisation structures
Offering 43 educational
p g
programmes dealing g
with water

16. Main research themes in the field of water
The resource: identification, Conservation and Management of water
functioning, mobilisation restoration of water quality resource and uses
UMR ART Dev
UMR ART‐Dev X
UMR EMMAH X X
UMR ESPACE‐DEV X X
UMR G‐EAU
UMR G EAU X X X
UMR GM X
UMR GRED X
UMR HSM X X X
UMR IEM X
UMR ITAP X X X
UMR LAMETA X
UMR LISAH X X X
UMR TETIS X X X
UMS OREME X
UPR GREEN X
UPR EAU/NRE X X
UPR LBE X
UPR LGEI X X X
US Analysis X

17. International cooperation
International research centers or
programs
(CGIAR, CPWF, FRIEND UNESCO Program…)
National and international scientific
and professional associations
(IAHS, IWRA, ICID/AFEID,
VERSeau Développement)
pp )
Researchers from CIRAD and
IRD posted overseas able to
strengthen cooperation

18. Three research and education chairs
Membrane sciences applied to the environment
On water treatment by
membrane processes
(approved by UNESCO)
( )
Water for All
Offering capacity building programmes
for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries
(in partnership with Suez‐Environnement)
Risks analyses of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments
Focused on organic contaminants in water
(in partnership with Veolia)

19. An innovative research dedicated to
solutions for water management
l ti f t t
Creation in 2010 of the “Water” competitiveness cluster
C ti i f th “W t ” titi l t
including the Languedoc‐Roussillon, Midi‐Pyrénées and
Provence‐Alpes‐Côte‐d’Azur regions
P Al Côt d’A gi
The Water cluster seeks to create value through innovative
The “Water” cluster seeks to create value through innovative
projects in the field of water use and management
4 strategic axes:
Identification and use of water resources
Concerted management and uses in contexts with high pressure on water resources
C d d i i h hi h
Reuse of water from all sources
Institutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisions

20. Examples of Innovative projects
ARENA project
Integrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to
global changes of the « groundwater economy » in North Africa
Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster
Funded by ANR
ECODREDGE – MED project
Eco‐technologies
Eco technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports
Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster
Funded by FUI
HYDROGUARD project
Autonomous equipment and technologies for the optimized management of
the means of prevention of floods, pollutions and marine submersion in LR
the means of prevention of floods pollutions and marine submersion in LR
and PACA
Approved by the Risk Competitiveness Cluster
Funded by FUI

21. Facing global changes in the Mediterranean region:
What will tomorrow’s water resources be like?
Wh t ill t ’ t b lik ?
RESCUE‐Med team
Denis RUELLAND
CNRS H d S i
CNRS‐ HydroSciences M t lli
Montpellier
denis.ruelland@um2.fr
Marianne MILANO – Ph‐D student
Plan Bleu – UM2 – HydroSciences
Montpellier
marianne.milano@um2.fr

22. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
The Mediterranean region: hot‐spot of climate change
region: hot spot of climate
Rainfall evolution – 2100 horizon Runoff evolution – 2100 horizon
IPCC, 2007 IPCC, 2007
Différences (mm) between 2080‐2099 and 1980‐1999 – dots: over 80% of existing models agree on climate evolution
Will future water needs be satisfied in
the Mediterranean region?
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

23. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
The Mediterranean basin
22 countries
1.5 millions km²
73 groups of
catchments
Only 21
catchments
exceeding 10000
km² in area
km in area
Heterogeneous
region
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

24. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Hydro climatic
Hydro‐climatic conditions
Mediterranean climate
Eté 250 – 900 mm
250 900
100 – 250 mm
100 – 250 mm
0 – 100 mm
0 100
50 – 150 mm
0 – 50 mm
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

25. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Hydro climatic conditions
Hydro‐climatic conditions
Mediterranean climate
Eté 250 – 900 mm
250 900
100 – 250 mm annual fresh water availability (1971–1990)
Mean
100 – 250 mm
0 – 100 mm
0 100
50 – 150 mm
0 – 50 mm
As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

26. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Hydro climatic
Hydro‐climatic conditions
Mediterranean climate
Eté 250 – 900 mm
250 900
100 – 250 mm annual fresh water availability (1971–1990)
Mean
100 – 250 mm
0 – 100 mm
0 100
50 – 150 mm
0 – 50 mm Water resources availability per capita (2005)
As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)
Plan Bleu, 2009
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

27. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Towards significant climate and anthropic changes
Population growth (UNPD, 2008) Percent share of irrigated areas in 1995 (FAO, 2000)
of inhabitants
Millions o
(%)
Blinda & Thivet, 2009
(Sécheresse)
Temperature
variation
( C)
(°C)
Precipitation
variation
Milano et al 2011
al.,
(IAHS Publ. 347) Milano et al., subm.
(Global Env. Change)
(mm)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

28. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
A regional modelling method
g g
H H
Milano et al., 2011
(IAHS Publ. 347)
Retrospective period: 1971–1990
∑Water Withdrawals
Ruelland et al., 2012
(J. Hydrol. 424-425) Prospective period: 2041 2060
Prospective period: 2041–2060
Milano et al. subm.
(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
WSI =
Water Availability
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

29. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Trends in precipitation for 4 GCM by 2050
p p f 4 y 5
Milano et al. subm.
(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

30. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Trends in water availability and demand by 2050
Milano et al. subm.
(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

31. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Evolution of the Water Stress by 2050
f y 5
Milano et al subm
al. subm.
(Hydrol. Sci. J.)
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

32. Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects
Conclusion & prospects
Assessment of the water resources vulnerability in
the Mediterranean region
Support to focus on the most vulnerable areas
within the Mediterranean basin
Methodological challenges: seasonnal
dynamics (dam operations, crop water
y ( p , p
demand, tourism…)
Studies at a sub‐regional scale in
g
collaboration with local stakeholders
Ebro (Spain)
Hérault (France)
Hé l (F )
Ceyhan (Turkey)
…
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

33. Thank you for listening.
h k f li i
Contacts:
denis.ruelland@um2.fr
marianne.milano@um2.fr
i il @ f
Some references:
Ruelland, D., Ardoin Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime
Ruelland, D., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime
of a large Sudano‐Sahelian catchment under climate change. J. Hydrol., 424–425, 207–216.
Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Fabre, J., Thivet, G. & Servat, E. (2011).
Assessing the impacts of global changes on the water resources of the Mediterranean basin. In: Risk in
Water Resources M g
W t R Management. IAHS Publ., 347, 165–172.
t IAHS P bl 3 16 1 2
Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Fabre, J. Servat, E., Fritsch, J.‐M., Ardoin‐Bardin, S. &
Thivet, G. Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under global changes.
Hydrol. Sci. J., subm.
RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

34. Global changes in the Mediterranean:
what will tomorrow’s water resources be like?
h ill ’ b lik ?
Field approach : example of the
Merguellil catchment in central Tunisia
Christian LEDUC
& Sylvain MASSUEL
y
IRD, UMR G‐EAU, Montpellier (France)
christian.leduc@ird.fr

35. Scientific and social context of the
Merguellil catchment
A region of central Tunisia typical of the Mediterranean
environment
physical (semi‐arid highly variable)
(semi arid, highly
social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)
with clear contrasts between
upst ea a d do st ea
upstream and downstream
Tunis
Merguellil

36. Scientific and social context of the
Merguellil catchment
A region of central Tunisia typical of the
Mediterranean environment
physical (
h l (semi‐arid, highly variable)
h hl bl )
social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)
with many previous research
yp
projects (bilateral, European,
international) and academic
works ((MoS, PhD) )

37. A long series of major water issues
Changes in availability of water resources
climate variability, and change (temperature, rainfall??)
( )
land use, land cover
large and small conservation works (dams, terraces,etc.)
Changes in water demand and water uses
abandonment of traditional technics, and social rules
new distribution of population
export of drinking water to the coast
rapid increase in irrigated areas
limited f
li i d enforcement of laws
fl

38. Changes in surface runoff
1. Increase of Soil+Water conservation works
2. Increase in pumping from the upstream
aquifers for drinking water
1+2 = significant decrease
in the river discharge upstream

39. Changes in groundwater recharge
The construction of the El Haouareb big dam in 1989 completely
changed the groundwater recharge in the Kairouan plain
• in processes (location, time)
• in fluxes (evaporation loss in the dam)
Before 1989 After 1989

40. Changes in water demand for
agriculture
Expansion of irrigated areas in public
and private domains
Changes in irrigation techniques from
traditional techniques to drip irrigation,
supposed to save water
Changes in crops from cereals and olive
trees to tomato, melon, etc., more
water demanding with more benefit
g f

41. Direct impact on groundwater
resources in the Kairouan plain
About 10,000 wells in
the Kairouan plain
(x10 since 1990)
5
15/5/68
10
15/6/68
The water table decrease (0.5 to 1 15
Profondeur (m)
m/yr) shows a not sustainable 20
groundwater overexploitation
overexploitation.
25 26/3/0 1
15/3 /02
Stepanoff (1935)
There is no enforcement of 30
E / E Bis (2.57 Km)
P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km)
Puit à sec
18/4/06
Forage P1 Bir Zaddam 14/12/06
the law. 35
5/18/27 1/24/41 10/3/54 6/11/68 2/18/82 10/28/95 7/6/09
Date

42. Which future for agriculture?
Solutions must come from agriculture, that represents the most
f g , p
important water consumption
But adaptation, interests and investments depend on many criteria:
the size of farms,
the status (
(owners, renters),
)
the crops (trees vs annual, speculative)
th li iti g f t
the limiting factors ( il t k )
(soil, water, work power)
The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of
the multiple interacting processes.
e.g. drip irrigation did not save water

43. Which water management?
A new water management should consider many
constraints:
Technical solutions are not sufficient
Equilibrium between social equity and economic efficiency
This should lead to the definition of a new water
governance
g
Shared responsibility for the use of a common good (especially
in a large region)
Clearer role of authorities (Min. of Agriculture)
Acceptance of new rules

44. Towards a rationalised management of
Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystems
M dit th t
A collaborative international research project:
SICMED
Marc VOLTZ
Christian LEDUC,
Jean Claude MENAUT,
Maxime THIBON

45. Societal issues
Continuous population growth
• 454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020
• Growth essentially in south Mediterranean countries
Strong urbanization and population growth on the coasts
• 64% en 2008 et 68% en 2020
Rural areas remain with large population densities
• But decrease in north Mediterranean and growth in south mediterranean
ut dec ease ot ed te a ea a d g o t sout ed te a ea
Scarcity in available water resources
• Mediterranean zone has more than 50% of world population poor in water
fli f
• Many conflicts of water use
Soil ressources largely exploited
Deficit in agricultural production (mostly in south Mediterranean):
f g p ( y )
• Ex: 22% of cerals imported by 7% of world population
Strong
St g pressures on urban and rural areas which l d t
b d l hi h lead to
main conflicts about the use of natural ressources

46. Environmental Issues
Hot spot of climate change ( T°, Rainfall)
Rarefaction of water ressources already limited
Soil degradation
erosion, salinisation, artificialization, compaction, loss
erosion salinisation artificialization compaction loss in carbon content
Soil and water contamination
(nitrates, xenobiotics, trace metals,..)
Deforestation
Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity

47. Management issues of
Mediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systems
Agriculture
Ensuring food security
Improving water productivity and drought tolerance in cropping systems
Improving irrigation technology and methods
Water ressources
Improving water harvesting techniques
Sharing ressources between users
Territorial
Maintaining rural settlement and limiting migration towards urban areas
Preserving typical Mediterranean landscapes (tourism and life space)
Environmental
Preserving biodiversity
Restoring or maintaining quality of soil and water ressources
Regulating biogeochemical cycles (carbone especially)

48. Ambitions for Sicmed
To develop systemic approaches of Mediterranean
anthropo ecosystems
anthropo‐ecosystems
linking biophysics and socio‐economics
integrating simultaneous interactions
g g
of multiple drivers
To promote multi‐lateral collaboration
T t lti l t l ll b ti
between researchers in Mediterranean
countries and beyond
To define innovative solutions
f
helping to the Mediterranean
sustainable development

49. Scientific objectives
Studying Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystem
behaviour and evolution
b h i d l i
under climatic and human constraints
Hydrological and biogeochemical fluxes
Biotechnic biophysical socio‐economic and
drivers processes territorial dynamics
Seeking innovative Developping tools and
management strategies for methodologies for managing
Mediterranean eco
Mediterranean eco‐ natural ressources and
anthropo‐systems landscapes

50. No unique Mediterranean
anthropo ecosystem, but many
anthropo‐ecosystem but many
Scrubland
Example in South of France
mountains
Forests Leptosol
Hills and calcareous Plateaus
Hills over
ill
sedimentary
material Calcisol Fruit trees
River Alluvia Market
gardening
Coastal plains
Camargue Luvisol Vineyards
and deltas
Fluvisol
Website « sols et paysages du Languedoc Roussillon » Solontchaks
http://www.umr‐lisah.fr/Paysages

51. A crossed
analysis
l
Scientific domains
• Functioning + managt of
g g
plant canopies
• Hydrological cycle and
water resources managt
• Bi
Biogeochemical cycles + soil
h i l l il
and water quality
• Resources assessment at
regional scale
g
• Farming systems
• Socio‐economical processes
Representative socio‐environmental systems
and territorial approaches
• I t g t d modelling of
Integrated d lli g f
Rainfed agriculture Irrigated agriculture
ecosystems
Grazing land Peri‐urban areas
Desert transition areas Coastal areas
Forests and nat ral ecos stems
and natural ecosystems
Singular environments (e.g. mines)

52. A collaborative program drawing on
‐ 5 major study sites and
j t d it d
‐ 6 specific thematic networks
p f
in 9 Mediterranean countries
Major sites
T with integrated Herault
interdisciplinary studies
T Crau
Thematic
t k
networks
•Groundwater recharge Lebna
•Soil‐vegetation‐ T
atmosphere fluxes Merguelil
Tensift
•Coastal aquifers
•Soil erosion
•Forest écology
•Mining activities

53. A collaborative program built in
cooperation with
Partners from all sides of the Mediterranean (Algeria, France,
Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia…)
The support of French research institutes : CNRS ‐Insu, INRA, IRD
and IRSTEA
In close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiative
SICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programme

54. More information
Info@sicmed.net / www.sicmed.net
Info@sicmed net / www sicmed net

55. MERCI / THANK YOU
worldwaterforum6.org
solutionsforwater.org