Arabic Domain Name Issues and Solutions Discussed

Arabic Domain Names What’s been done so far? Euro-SSIG July 25-31 2008 Dr. Abdulaziz H. Al-Zoman Chairman of Steering Committee Arabic Domain Name Pilot Project

Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction What is the problem? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Arabic News paper صحيفة الشرق الأوسط www.al-sharqalawsat.com www.asharqalawsat.com www.asharq-alaowsat.com www.elsharkelaosat.com … E-government Site يسّر www.yasser.gov.sa www.yaser.gov.sa www.yasir.gov.sa www.yassir.gov.sa …

Introduction Internet in the Arab World ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction Obstacles facing Internet in the Arab world ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Arabic Language Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ج ب ا ن ج جـ ـجـ ـج ب بـ ـبـ ـب ا ـا ن نـ ـنـ ـن جبان

Arabic Language Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ج َ ب َ انٌ جَبَّانٍ

Arabic Language Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],space space

Contribution Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Work Done so far Identifying areas of contributions ,[object Object],To define the accepted Arabic character set to be used for writing Arabic domain names To define the top-level domains of the Arabic domain name tree structure (i.e., Arabic gTLDs, and ccTLDs ) IETF, UNICODE, … ICANN/IANA, … 4 Arabic root servers 3 Technical solutions 3 Technical solutions 4 Arabic root servers 1 Linguistic issues 2 Arabic TLDs 1

Work Done so far Identifying areas of contributions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1

Work Done so far Participation & Initiation of Groups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2

Work Done so far Publishing Reports & Papers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3

Work Done so far Publishing Reports & Papers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3

Work Done so far Conducting Web Surveys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4

Work Done so far Meeting Linguistic Experts ,[object Object],5

Work Done so far Information Dissemination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6

Work Done so far Test Implementations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7 ae, bh, kw, om, qa, sa

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Work Done so far Other Testing and tools … 7

Reaching Arabic Domains ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ع AR-ROOT.NIC.NET.SA (Arabic Root Server) AR-ROOT.NIC.AE (Arabic Root Server) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AR-CCTLD.NIC.NET.SA (SA Arabic ccTLD Server) ,[object Object],NS1.UAENIC.AE (AE Arabic ccTLD Server) ,[object Object],AR-ROOT.QATAR.NET.QA (QA Arabic ccTLD Server) ,[object Object],Arabic Root servers Arabic ccTLD servers “ السعودية ” “ الإمارات ” “ قطر ” “ . ”

Internet ISP أهلا بكم في موقع . السعودية ADNPP Current Solution Participating in ADNPP Proxy Query Response User Web server AR-ROOT.NIC.NET.SA AR-ROOT.NIC.AE “ السعودية ” “ الإمارات ” “ قطر ” “ . ” ADN Solution DNS System sa ae eg sy … . DNS Resolver Firewall

Internet ISP أهلا بكم في موقع . السعودية ADNPP Plugin Solution Proxy Query Response User Web server AR-ROOT.NIC.NET.SA AR-ROOT.NIC.AE “ السعودية ” “ الإمارات ” “ قطر ” “ . ” ADN Solution DNS System sa ae eg sy … . DNS Resolver Firewall ع

Thanks ,[object Object],[object Object]

Arabic Domain Names What are the issues if we expand and look at the whole script?

About Arabic Script ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Accepted characters for Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Jawi

Arabic Script IDN - Major Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Issues Need Further Investigations 1. Valid Unicode Codepoints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: draft-faltstrom-idnbis-tables-05.txt

Disallowed characters by IDNA200X

Recommended Disallowed characters

Issues Need Further Investigations 2. Combining Marks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],≠ U+0681 U+062d U+0654 U+0654 U+062d ځ is confusing with حٔ = ٔ + ح U+0623 U+0627 U+0654 U+0654 U+0627 أ is confusing with أ = ٔ + ا

Issues Need Further Investigations 3. Diacritics (Tashkeel) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Issues Need Further Investigations 4. ZWNJ & ZWJ Control Characters ,[object Object],[object Object]

Issues Need Further Investigations 4. ZWNJ & ZWJ Control Characters ,[object Object],ح‌بل input[0] = U+06 2d input[1] = U+200c input[2] = U+0628 input[3] = U+0644 حبل input[0] = U+062d input[1] = U+0628 input[2] = U+0644

Issues Need Further Investigations 4. ZWNJ & ZWJ Control Characters ,[object Object],ط‌بل input[0] = U+0637 input[1] = U+200c input[2] = U+0628 input[3] = U+0644 طبل input[0] = U+0637 input[1] = U+0628 input[2] = U+0644 ≠

Issues Need Further Investigations 4. ZWNJ & ZWJ Control Characters مجمع ‍ - الرباط ‍ - الدولي input[0] = U+0645 input[1] = U+062c input[2] = U+0645 input[3] = U+0639 input[4] = U+200d input[5] = U+002d input[6] = U+0627 input[7] = U+0644 input[8] = U+0631 input[9] = U+0628 input[10] = U+0627 input[11] = U+0637 input[12] = U+200d input[13] = U+002d input[14] = U+0627 input[15] = U+0644 input[16] = U+062f input[17] = U+0648 input[18] = U+0644 input[19] = U+064a مجمع - الرباط - الدولي input[0] = U+0645 input[1] = U+062c input[2] = U+0645 input[3] = U+0639 input[4] = U+002d input[5] = U+0627 input[6] = U+0644 input[7] = U+0631 input[8] = U+0628 input[9] = U+0637 input[10] = U+002d input[11] = U+0627 input[12] = U+0644 input[13] = U+062f input[14] = U+0648 input[15] = U+0644 input[16] = U+064a ZWJ Visually noticed ZWJ Visually Unnoticed

Issues Need Further Investigations 5. Digits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],۱۲۳۷۸۹۰ input[0] = U+06f1 input[1] = U+06f2 input[2] = U+06f3 input[3] = U+06f7 input[4] = U+06f8 input[5] = U+06f9 input[6] = U+06f0 ١٢٣٧٨٩٠ input[0] = U+0661 input[1] = U+0662 input[2] = U+0663 input[3] = U+0667 input[4] = U+0668 input[5] = U+0669 input[6] = U+0660 ≠

Issues Need Further Investigations 5. Digits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],م 12 م input[0] = U+0645 input[1] = U+0031 input[2] = U+0032 input[3] = U+0645 م١٢م input[0] = U+0645 input[1] = U+0661 input[2] = U+0662 input[3] = U+0645 ≠

Issues Need Further Investigations 6. Similar Shape Characters ,[object Object],[object Object]

Issues Need Further Investigations 6. Similar Shape Characters ,[object Object],ک لمني ک لمن ې input[0] = U+0643 input[1] = U+0644 input[2] = U+0645 input[3] = U+0646 input[4] = U+064a input[0] = U+06a9 input[1] = U+0644 input[2] = U+0645 input[3] = U+0646 input[4] = U+064a input[0] = U+06a9 input[1] = U+0644 input[2] = U+0645 input[3] = U+0646 input[4] = U+06d0 كلمني کلمني کلمنې

Issues Need Further Investigations 6. Similar Shape Characters ,[object Object],ک ل ی ک ل ۍ input[0] = U+06a9 input[1] = U+0644 input[2] = U+06cd input[0] = U+06a9 input[1] = U+0644 input[2] = U+06cc input[0] = U+0643 input[1] = U+0644 input[2] = U+0649

Issues Need Further Investigations 7. Bidirectional Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]

Arabic Domain Name Issues and Solutions Discussed

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Arabic Domain Name Issues and Solutions Discussed