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BY:
VASUNDHRA SINGH
AISHWARYA DEOPUJARI
SRIDEVI
NISHTHA DUGGAL
PRERANA DAS
NAKUL SHARMA
SECTION - B
1
B.M.C.T – VII
PRE FABRICATED
MODULAR STRUCTURES
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Features
 Comparison
 Design concept
 Components
 Types of precast system
 Design consideration
 Equipments
 Assembling
 scheduling
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Conclusion
 references
2
INTRODUCTION
• The concept of precast structures also known as
prefabricated/ modular structures.
• The structural components are standardized and
produced in plants in a location away from the
building site.
• Then transported to the site for assembly.
• The components are manufactured by industrial
methods based on mass production in order to
build a large number of buildings in a short time
at low cost.
3
FEATURES
• The division and specialization of the human
workforce.
• The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment,
usually automated, in the production of standard,
interchangeable parts and products.
• Compared to site-cast concrete, precast concrete
erection is faster and less affected by adverse
weather conditions.
• Plant casting allows increased efficiency, high
quality control and greater control on finishes.
4
COMPARISON
Site-cast
 no transportation
 the size limitation is
depending on the
elevation capacity only
 lower quality because
directly affected by
weather
 proper, large free space
required
Precast at plant
transportation and
elevation capacity limits
the size-
higher, industrialized
quality – less affected by
weather
 no space requirement on
the site for fabrication
unlimited opportunities of
architectural appearance
option of standardized
components
5
DESIGN CONCEPT FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
BUILDINGS
• The design concept of
the precast buildings
is based on
• 1.build ability.
• 2.economy
3.standardization
of precast
components.
6
PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
7
Precast slabs
Precast Beam & Girders
8
Precast Columns
Precast Walls
9
Precast stairs
Precast concrete Stairs
Steel plates supported on 2 steel
beams
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• final position and loads
• transportation requirements – self load and
position during transportation
• storing requirements – self load and position
during storing – (avoid or store in the same
position as it transported / built in)
• lifting loads – distribution of lifting points –
optimal way of lifting (selection of lifting and
rigging tools)
• vulnerable points (e.g. edges) – reduction of
risk (e.g. rounded edges)
10
TYPES OF PRE CAST SYSTEM
1. Large-panel systems
2. Frame systems
3. Slab-column systems with walls
4. Mixed systems
11
• box-like structure.
• both vertical and
horizontal elements are
load-bearing.
• one-story high wall panels
(cross-wall system /
longitudinal wall system /
two way system).
• one-way or two way slabs.
12
1. LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS
2. FRAME SYSTEMS
Components are usually
linear elements.
The beams are seated on
corbels of the pillars
usually with hinged-
joints (rigid connection
is also an option).
 Joints are filled with
concrete at the site.
13
3.LIFT-SLAB SYSTEMS
• - partially precast in plant
(pillars) / partially precast
on-site (slabs).
• - one or more storey high
pillars (max 5).
• - up to 30 storey high
constructions.
• - special designed joints and
temporary joints.
• -slabs are casted on the
ground (one on top of the
other) – then lifted with crane
or special elevators.
14
LIFT-SLAB PROCEDURE
15
1. pillars and the first package (e.g. 5 pieces) of slabs
prepared at ground level
2. lifting boxes are mounted on the pillars + a single slab
lifted to the first floor level
3-8. boxes are sequentially raised to higher positions to
enable the slabs to be lifted to their required
final position - slabs are held in a relative (temporary)
positions by a pinning system
EQUIPMENTS
cranes:
• mobile crane
• tower crane (above
3stories)
lifting tools:
• spreader beams
• wire rope slings
rigging tools:
• eye bolt
• shakles
• hooks
16
ASSEMBLING
17
Column to column connection
Beam to column connection
18
Beam-slab joints
19
20
Precast concrete structure consisting of
solid wall panels and hollow core slabs.
Wall to slab connection
ADVANTAGES
• Quick erection times
• Possibility of conversion, disassembling
and moving to another site
• Possibility of erection in areas where a
traditional construction practice is not possible
or difficult
• Low labor intensivity
• Reduce wastage of materials
• Easier management of construction sites
• Better overall construction quality
• Ideal fit for simple and complex structures
21
LIMITATIONS
• size of the units.
• location of window openings has a limited
variety.
• joint details are predefined.
• site access and storage capacity.
• require high quality control.
• enable interaction between design phase and
production planning.
• difficult to handling & transporting.
22
SCHEDULING
some approximate data for installation
• emplacement of hollow core floor slabs - 300
m2/day
• erection of pillars/columns - 8 pieces/day
• emplacement of beams - 15 pieces/day
• emplacement of double tee slabs - 25 pieces/day
• emplacement of walls - 15 pieces/day
• construction of stair and elevator shafts - 2
floors/day
23
CONCLUSION
24
oThe use of prefabrication and preassembly is
estimated to have almost doubled in the last 15 years,
increasing by 86%.
oThe use of precast concrete construction can
significantly reduce the amount of construction waste
generated on construction sites.
o Reduce adverse environmental impact on sites.
o Enhance quality control of concreting work.
o Reduce the amount of site labour.
o Increase worker safety .
o Other impediments to prefabrication and
preassembly are increased transportation
difficulties, greater inflexibility, and more
advanced procurement requirements.
REFERENCES
• [1] Szőnyi L.: Construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete
buildings, 2011
• [2] Benett, D.: Concrete Elegance 2004. Concrete Centre, 2005
• [3] Precast Concrete Structures. www.paradigm.in 2012.10.10
• [4] S. Brzev, T. Guevara-Perez: Precast Concrete Construction.
http://business.management6.com/PRECAST-CONCRETE-
CONSTRUCTION-pdfe13174.
• [5] Sonjoy Deb: Precast Concrete for Building
Systemshttp://masterbuilder.co.in/Archives/Building%20Mater
ials/Concrete/Precast%20
Concrete%20for%20Building%20Systems.pdf 2012.10.10
• [6] Lift slab
systemhttp://webs.demasiado.com/forjados/patologia/lift_slab
/aspect/index.htm2012.10.23
• [7] http://www.liftplanner.net/steamdrum.html 2012.10.23
25

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Prefabricated structures

  • 1. BY: VASUNDHRA SINGH AISHWARYA DEOPUJARI SRIDEVI NISHTHA DUGGAL PRERANA DAS NAKUL SHARMA SECTION - B 1 B.M.C.T – VII PRE FABRICATED MODULAR STRUCTURES
  • 2. CONTENTS  Introduction  Features  Comparison  Design concept  Components  Types of precast system  Design consideration  Equipments  Assembling  scheduling  Advantages  Limitations  Conclusion  references 2
  • 3. INTRODUCTION • The concept of precast structures also known as prefabricated/ modular structures. • The structural components are standardized and produced in plants in a location away from the building site. • Then transported to the site for assembly. • The components are manufactured by industrial methods based on mass production in order to build a large number of buildings in a short time at low cost. 3
  • 4. FEATURES • The division and specialization of the human workforce. • The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment, usually automated, in the production of standard, interchangeable parts and products. • Compared to site-cast concrete, precast concrete erection is faster and less affected by adverse weather conditions. • Plant casting allows increased efficiency, high quality control and greater control on finishes. 4
  • 5. COMPARISON Site-cast  no transportation  the size limitation is depending on the elevation capacity only  lower quality because directly affected by weather  proper, large free space required Precast at plant transportation and elevation capacity limits the size- higher, industrialized quality – less affected by weather  no space requirement on the site for fabrication unlimited opportunities of architectural appearance option of standardized components 5
  • 6. DESIGN CONCEPT FOR PRECAST CONCRETE BUILDINGS • The design concept of the precast buildings is based on • 1.build ability. • 2.economy 3.standardization of precast components. 6
  • 7. PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 7 Precast slabs Precast Beam & Girders
  • 9. 9 Precast stairs Precast concrete Stairs Steel plates supported on 2 steel beams
  • 10. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS • final position and loads • transportation requirements – self load and position during transportation • storing requirements – self load and position during storing – (avoid or store in the same position as it transported / built in) • lifting loads – distribution of lifting points – optimal way of lifting (selection of lifting and rigging tools) • vulnerable points (e.g. edges) – reduction of risk (e.g. rounded edges) 10
  • 11. TYPES OF PRE CAST SYSTEM 1. Large-panel systems 2. Frame systems 3. Slab-column systems with walls 4. Mixed systems 11
  • 12. • box-like structure. • both vertical and horizontal elements are load-bearing. • one-story high wall panels (cross-wall system / longitudinal wall system / two way system). • one-way or two way slabs. 12 1. LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS
  • 13. 2. FRAME SYSTEMS Components are usually linear elements. The beams are seated on corbels of the pillars usually with hinged- joints (rigid connection is also an option).  Joints are filled with concrete at the site. 13
  • 14. 3.LIFT-SLAB SYSTEMS • - partially precast in plant (pillars) / partially precast on-site (slabs). • - one or more storey high pillars (max 5). • - up to 30 storey high constructions. • - special designed joints and temporary joints. • -slabs are casted on the ground (one on top of the other) – then lifted with crane or special elevators. 14
  • 15. LIFT-SLAB PROCEDURE 15 1. pillars and the first package (e.g. 5 pieces) of slabs prepared at ground level 2. lifting boxes are mounted on the pillars + a single slab lifted to the first floor level 3-8. boxes are sequentially raised to higher positions to enable the slabs to be lifted to their required final position - slabs are held in a relative (temporary) positions by a pinning system
  • 16. EQUIPMENTS cranes: • mobile crane • tower crane (above 3stories) lifting tools: • spreader beams • wire rope slings rigging tools: • eye bolt • shakles • hooks 16
  • 18. Beam to column connection 18
  • 20. 20 Precast concrete structure consisting of solid wall panels and hollow core slabs. Wall to slab connection
  • 21. ADVANTAGES • Quick erection times • Possibility of conversion, disassembling and moving to another site • Possibility of erection in areas where a traditional construction practice is not possible or difficult • Low labor intensivity • Reduce wastage of materials • Easier management of construction sites • Better overall construction quality • Ideal fit for simple and complex structures 21
  • 22. LIMITATIONS • size of the units. • location of window openings has a limited variety. • joint details are predefined. • site access and storage capacity. • require high quality control. • enable interaction between design phase and production planning. • difficult to handling & transporting. 22
  • 23. SCHEDULING some approximate data for installation • emplacement of hollow core floor slabs - 300 m2/day • erection of pillars/columns - 8 pieces/day • emplacement of beams - 15 pieces/day • emplacement of double tee slabs - 25 pieces/day • emplacement of walls - 15 pieces/day • construction of stair and elevator shafts - 2 floors/day 23
  • 24. CONCLUSION 24 oThe use of prefabrication and preassembly is estimated to have almost doubled in the last 15 years, increasing by 86%. oThe use of precast concrete construction can significantly reduce the amount of construction waste generated on construction sites. o Reduce adverse environmental impact on sites. o Enhance quality control of concreting work. o Reduce the amount of site labour. o Increase worker safety . o Other impediments to prefabrication and preassembly are increased transportation difficulties, greater inflexibility, and more advanced procurement requirements.
  • 25. REFERENCES • [1] Szőnyi L.: Construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings, 2011 • [2] Benett, D.: Concrete Elegance 2004. Concrete Centre, 2005 • [3] Precast Concrete Structures. www.paradigm.in 2012.10.10 • [4] S. Brzev, T. Guevara-Perez: Precast Concrete Construction. http://business.management6.com/PRECAST-CONCRETE- CONSTRUCTION-pdfe13174. • [5] Sonjoy Deb: Precast Concrete for Building Systemshttp://masterbuilder.co.in/Archives/Building%20Mater ials/Concrete/Precast%20 Concrete%20for%20Building%20Systems.pdf 2012.10.10 • [6] Lift slab systemhttp://webs.demasiado.com/forjados/patologia/lift_slab /aspect/index.htm2012.10.23 • [7] http://www.liftplanner.net/steamdrum.html 2012.10.23 25